IEMA Associate Certificate in Environmental Management. Sample Trainer Pack

Transcription

1 IEMA Associate Certificate in Environmental Management Sample Trainer Pack

2 RRC Trainer Packs are designed to aid delivery of face-to-face, or classroom-taught, courses by tutors approved by the relevant awarding body (e.g. NEBOSH, IOSH, IEMA).The full pack of which this is a sample includes the following resources: An electronic copy of the RRC student textbook (course notes) for the course, supplied for use by the tutor as reference only. A helicopter plan (MS Word) an overview of how the course will be delivered over its duration. Daily lesson plans (MS Word) a suggested breakdown of how the detailed subjects specified in the qualification syllabus will be covered on each day of the course Slides (MS PowerPoint) full-colour slides addressing the subjects specified in, and following the structure of, the qualification syllabus. Depending on the course, some Packs also contain additional resources, to be used at the tutor s discretion. Some third-party resources may be suggested in the Lesson Plans, or in the notes to the slides for example, video footage, further reading, etc. These are not essential and they are not included as part of the licensed Trainer Pack it is up to the tutor to source the suggested material, should he or she wish to do so. This Sample Trainer Pack contains a selection of pages from a lesson plan, a number of corresponding slides, and the relevant pages from the course textbook. These pages and slides are representative of the presentation, design and language of the full materials. If you like what you see and wish to order a complete Trainer Pack for the course you want to deliver, please contact RRC s customer advisors on , or info@rrc.co.uk

3 IEMA Associate Certificate; Week 1, Day 4 Approx. Content and Tutor Activity Aids and Equipment Student Activity Timing Review answers to questions from previous Flipchart Whole group feedback on answers evening directed private study Waste minimisation PPTs and flipchart Work through hierarchy with students Show BBC Maldives waste film as an example of bad landfill practices MORNING BREAK Links between resource use and waste production W4 Waste Minimisation Workshop LUNCH BREAK Waste Treatment Technology wastewater treatment will be discussed in a later element, so this section covers solid waste only (landfill and incineration have been covered in subsections above) AFTERNOON BREAK ELEMENT 5 WATER ENVIRONMENT Learning outcomes & contents for Element Introduction Make students aware of the importance of clean water for society. Landfill film: W4 Waste Minimisation Workshop Handout PPTs and flipchart PPTs and flipchart Listening and contributing to discussions Contributing to workshop. Listening and contributing to discussions Listening and contributing to discussions RRC SAMPLE MATERIAL Associate Cert Lesson Plan v3 Page 17 of 36 12/12/2013

4 Approx. Timing Content and Tutor Activity Aids and Equipment Student Activity Ask students for key sources of water pollution and write on flipchart. Discuss key water pollution issues including deoxygenation, suspended solids, etc., making sure that students are aware of their impacts End of session - summary and close RRC SAMPLE MATERIAL Associate Cert Lesson Plan v3 Page 18 of 36 12/12/2013

5 IEMA Associate Certificate RC SAMPLE MATERIAL RRC

6 Element 5 The Water Environment RC SAMPLE MATERIAL RRC

7 Learning Outcomes Working through this element will contribute to your ability to: Describe the main pollution sources, pathways and receptors. Describe key environmental policies. Describe key environmental legislation. Describe how organisations comply with environmental legislation. Identify ways to improve environmental performance. Propose measures to manage environmental risks. Recognise when environmental problems and opportunities exist. Determine the nature of the risk or the scope of the opportunity. Propose sustainable solutions and programmes to address environmental problems and opportunities. RC SAMPLE MATERIAL RRC

8 Introduction RC SAMPLE MATERIAL RRC

9 Water Facts Water forms a valuable resource; most water is used for irrigation of crops for both humans and animals Industry also uses significant amounts of water for many purposes: In the product directly, e.g. food and drink and chemicals manufacturing. For operation of processes, e.g. cooling water, solvents, cleaning. Pollution of drinking water can have a direct, significant effect on people s health. RC SAMPLE MATERIAL RRC

10 Sources In England and Wales, approximately 35% of the potable (suitable for drinking) water supply is pumped from underground rocks. In Southern England, around 80% of the public water supply is from groundwater. In Wales only about 2% is from these sources, with 98% being provided from surface reservoirs. RC SAMPLE MATERIAL RRC

11 Groundwater Found within rocks and can seep towards discharge points, such as springs, or finds its way into watercourses and wetlands. Groundwater may therefore be a pollutant pathway from which pollution can be transferred to a river or reservoir, where water is abstracted or used by wildlife. RC SAMPLE MATERIAL RRC

12 WRA 1991 Controlled Waters Relevant territorial waters: that part of territorial waters which extends three nautical miles seaward from the base lines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Coastal waters: waters landward of the base lines to the high water limit and to the freshwater limits of any rivers. Inland freshwaters: any river or other watercourse above the freshwater limit and any lake or pond which discharges directly or indirectly into such a watercourse. RC SAMPLE MATERIAL RRC

13 Types of Water Pollution Point sources distinct sources such as pipelines, ditches, etc. these are generally easy to identify and control. Non-point or diffuse sources include run-off from fields of fertilisers and pesticides and acid rain. More difficult to identify and control than point sources. RC SAMPLE MATERIAL RRC

14 THE WATER ENVIRONMENT LEARNING OUTCOMES On completion of this element, you will be able to: z Describe the main pollution sources, pathways and receptors. z Describe key environmental policies. z Describe key environmental legislation. z Describe how organisations comply with environmental legislation. z Identify ways to improve environmental performance. ELEMENT 5 z Propose measures to manage environmental risks. z Recognise when environmental problems and opportunities exist. z Determine the nature of the risk or the scope of the opportunity. z Propose sustainable solutions and programmes to address environmental problems and opportunities. RRC SAMPLE MATERIAL RRC International IEMA AC - Element 5: The Water Environment 5-1

15 Contents INTRODUCTION 5-3 Types of Water Pollution 5-3 Effects of Pollution 5-4 Revision Questions 5-5 WATER MANAGEMENT LAWS 5-6 Key European Directives 5-6 Revision Questions 5-12 WATER USE EFFICIENCY 5-13 Framework for Water Efficiency 5-13 Practical Measures to Reduce Water Consumption 5-15 Revision Questions 5-15 WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION 5-16 Drainage Systems 5-16 Practical and Managerial Means of Preventing Pollution 5-17 Water Treatment Technology 5-17 Revision Questions 5-23 SUMMARY 5-24 APPENDIX RRC SAMPLE MATERIAL 5-2 IEMA AC - Element 5: The Water Environment RRC International

16 KEY INFORMATION Water forms a valuable resource and most water is used for the irrigation of crops for both humans and animals. Industry also uses significant amounts of water for many purposes, such as in the product directly, e.g. food and drink and chemicals-manufacturing, and for the operation of processes, e.g. cooling water and solvent cleaning. Pollution of drinking water can have a direct significant effect on people s health. But not only does water pollution affect humans, it can also affect other species. While some fish species can tolerate poor water quality, others need clean water with a high dissolved oxygen content to survive. For example, carp can exist in highly polluted water, whereas salmon and trout require very clean water with high dissolved oxygen content. In England and Wales, approximately 35% of the potable (suitable for drinking) water supply is pumped from underground rocks. In southern England, around 80% of the public water supply is from groundwater, whereas in Wales only about 2% is from these sources, with 98% being provided from surface reservoirs. Even if groundwater is not an important resource, it is still found within rocks and can seep towards discharge points such as springs, or find its way into watercourses and wetlands. Groundwater may therefore be a pollutant pathway from which pollution can be transferred to a river or reservoir, where water is abstracted or used by wildlife. The term controlled waters appears in Section 104 of the Water Resources Act Controlled waters are those which the EA/NRW has a duty to protect and this covers: Relevant territorial waters: that part of territorial waters which extends three nautical miles seaward from the base lines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Introduction Controlled waters, which the Environment Agency has a duty to protect, include relevant territorial waters, coastal waters and inland freshwaters. Point sources of water pollution include pipelines, ditches, etc. Non-point or diffuse sources include run-off from fields of fertilisers and pesticides and acid rain. Water pollution can occur from surface water drainage, spills and leaks, process and cooling water, sewage, solids and firewater. Key issues associated with water pollutants include deoxygenation, suspended solids, toxicity and eutrophication, phosphates and nitrates, infection with harmful micro-organisms and temperature. Coastal waters: waters landward of the base lines to the high water limit and to the freshwater limits of any rivers. Inland freshwaters: any river or other watercourse above the freshwater limit and any lake or pond which discharges directly or indirectly into such a watercourse. This definition includes groundwater, as groundwater is part of the water cycle and is interconnected with the surface water system (discussed later in this element). TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION There are two main types of water pollution: Point sources - distinct sources such as pipelines, ditches, etc.; these are generally easy to identify and control. Non-point or diffuse sources - include run-off from fields of fertilisers and pesticides and acid rain. These are more difficult to identify and control than point sources. Water pollution can occur from various sources, including: Surface water drainage - a rainwater collection system leading to a river or another type of surface water into which pollutants can be spilt or purposely disposed of. These will then be washed into a watercourse. Risks of contamination from spills/leaks - spills of mainly liquid pollutants can cause significant damage to either surface water, foul water or land, depending on where the pollutants end up. If it is a surface water drain, it may cause pollution of a river, etc. If it is a foul water drain, it may cause damage to sewage works. RRC SAMPLE MATERIAL RRC International IEMA AC - Element 5: The Water Environment 5-3

17 Introduction Process and cooling water - process water often has a significant temperature difference to the water to which it will be discharged and will usually be much warmer as it collects heat during the process. Water is often used as a coolant and so will also collect heat. Warm water retains much lower levels of oxygen than cold water and so volumes must be controlled in order to reduce any damage to the natural environment. Sewage - must be separated from surface water. However, many sewage works have storm water systems that allow the discharge of raw sewage to a river in the event of high rainfall. Solids (grit, plastics, etc.) - large amounts of litter (particularly plastic bottles and wrappers) that end up in rivers, lakes and on beaches. Grits and silts (such as cement) also end up in rivers, washed from building activities. Firewater - many industrial organisations use and store large quantities of hazardous materials on a site. If a fire occurs, these substances could easily be transferred to a surface water body via a surface water drain. An emergency plan should therefore take into account run-off that may occur from water and other liquids used to fight a fire. Sites that are subject to the Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations 1999 must make arrangements for water run-off from fire-fighting. Installation-regulated facilities subject to the EP Regulations 2010 are also required to develop and maintain emergency plans as a permit condition. Dead fish resulting from a polluted river EFFECTS OF POLLUTION The key effects of water pollution include: Deoxygenation One of the most common effects which results from biological breakdown of organic matter present in sewage, farm wastes, some trade effluents, various raw materials and products of industry (e.g. milk and beer). Naturally-occurring bacteria downstream of the point of discharge break down organics, utilising Dissolved Oxygen (DO). The degree of oxygen depletion depends on pollution-loading, temperature, river flow, etc. If depletion is excessive, fish are killed; if depletion is total, anaerobic breakdown of organics occurs, causing odour nuisance. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) are measures of the potential oxygen depletion that can be caused following discharge of oxygen-depleting pollutants into water. Suspended Solids Present in many trade effluents, e.g. paper-making and quarrying, and run-off from construction sites. Main effects are aesthetic (visible nuisance); they include smothering plants and animals on the bed of the watercourse, damaging fisheries and interfering with self-purification. Toxicity Many substances used in industry are toxic to aquatic life or may accumulate through the food chain to affect predators (including man). The commonest toxin affecting freshwater fish is ammonia, present in sewage and farm wastes. The most persistent toxins are pesticides and heavy metals. Eutrophication The amount of available nutrients is a key factor in determining species composition and biological productivity of waters. Increased nutrient levels cause an increase in algae that photosynthesise during the day, releasing excess oxygen into water. At night, however, they respire releasing excess carbon dioxide. Such low oxygen conditions can lead to fish deaths. Excessive algae may also block light and cause nuisance. Phosphates and Nitrates High levels of nitrates and/or phosphates can lead to eutrophication; nitrates are also able to cause blue baby syndrome (in reference to the signs of blueness in infants around the hands, feet and mouth) as they combine with haemoglobin, making blood unable to carry oxygen, leading to potentially dangerous health effects. RRC SAMPLE MATERIAL 5-4 IEMA AC - Element 5: The Water Environment RRC International

18 Infection with Harmful Micro-organisms Sewage and animal wastes contain pathogenic microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, protozoa and intestinal parasite eggs). Numbers of a given organism depend on prevalence of infection in population and other factors. Examples include cryptosporidium - a singlecelled parasite that causes severe gastric problems, and E.coli - which can cause lethal toxins to form in the body. Temperature Raised temperature can have the effect of reducing the amount of oxygen in the water and altering the biodiversity. For example, game fish such as sea trout and salmon can die if water temperatures are beyond a 5 C to 20 C range, whereas coarse fish such as roach and tench can tolerate a broader temperature range. REVISION QUESTIONS Introduction 1. What is the difference between a point source and diffuse source of water pollution? 2. Name four key sources of water pollutants. 3. What is meant by the term eutrophication? 4. How can an increase in water temperature impact on a river? (Suggested Answers are at the end.) RRC International IEMA AC - Element 5: The Water Environment 5-5 RRC SAMPLE MATERIAL