Sound HVAC Choices for Sustainable Design. Julian de Bullet

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1 PLEASE MUTE CELL PHONES Sound HVAC Choices for Sustainable Design Julian de Bullet Director of Industry Relations McQuay International ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer

2 2 Rising??

3 What Is Sustainability? sustainable development meets the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs World Commission on Environment and Development

4 Why Sustainable Design? Buildings In The US Consume 39% Of Our Total Energy 70% Of Our Electricity Annually 5 Billion Gallons Potable Water Per Day For Toilets Typical Construction Generates 2.5 lbs. Of Solid Waste Per Square Foot High Performance Building Practices Can Reduce These Negative Environmental Impacts

5 Energy consumption in office building Air Conditioning 47% Other utilities 20% Lighting 33% 5

6 How can we make a difference? Good Basics System Knowledge Energy Analysis 6

7 What happens if we do? Reduce Operating Costs Enhance Building Marketability Increase Worker Productivity Higher School Test Results Reduced Absenteeism Reduce Potential Liability

8 What Is LEED? 6 Sections of LEED Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy & Atmosphere Materials & Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation & Design Process

9 ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Standard 189 under development 9

Commercial Packaged Rooftop Systems 3 to 20 tons New, retrofit or replacement low-rise

costs Scroll compressors Efficient cooling operation and dependability Two-circuit

routine maintenance Can reduce service costs Non-corrosive, double-sloped drain pans

10 Commercial Packaged Rooftop Systems 3 to 20 tons New, retrofit or replacement low-rise buildings Standard low-leak dampers Superior resistance to air leakage Reduced energy costs Scroll compressors Efficient cooling operation and dependability Two-circuit refrigerant design High reliability Easy access to mechanical components Promotes routine maintenance Can reduce service costs Non-corrosive, double-sloped drain pans ASHRAE Standard Good indoor air quality Totally enclosed condenser fan motors Reliable operation 10

Commercial Packaged Rooftop Systems 30 to 50 tons VAV or constant volume operation R-410A refrigerant An HFC refrigerant with no phase-out schedule EER of 10.

11 Commercial Packaged Rooftop Systems 30 to 50 tons VAV or constant volume operation R-410A refrigerant An HFC refrigerant with no phase-out schedule EER of 10.0 or higher Double-wall construction Low-leak damper Airfoil fans Efficient operation Non-corrosive drain pan Building pressure control option Controls Easy integration with the BAS of your choice 11

Applied Packaged Rooftop Systems Air-Cooled Condenser 15 to 135 tons Flexible, modular construction with walk-in access 100% make-up air, dehumidification, VAV, or constant volume operation Multiple

12 Applied Packaged Rooftop Systems Air-Cooled Condenser 15 to 135 tons Flexible, modular construction with walk-in access 100% make-up air, dehumidification, VAV, or constant volume operation Multiple factory-integrated options Customized flexibility Blow-through or draw-through cooling coil configurations Controls flexibility Easy integration with the BAS of your choice Available with Non ODS Refrigerant An HFC refrigerant with no phase-out schedule Heavy duty construction Optional independent IBC Seismic certification Confirms compliance with the newest IBC seismic requirements 12

Applied Packaged Rooftop Systems Evaporative-Cooled Condenser - 75 to 150 tons Blow-through or Draw-through cooling Walk-in service vestibule contains: Water connections Controls Water treatment and

13 Applied Packaged Rooftop Systems Evaporative-Cooled Condenser - 75 to 150 tons Blow-through or Draw-through cooling Walk-in service vestibule contains: Water connections Controls Water treatment and refrigerant service components Up to 40% savings in condensing unit energy consumption versus air-cooled alternatives Reduced peak electrical demand at design conditions Allows unit electrical service to be downsized for lower installation costs and electrical demand charges Non-chemical water treatment option Eliminates costs and hazards associated with chemical treatment Reduces water consumption and may eliminate sanitary sewer costs 13

14 Montreal Protocol Objective Avoid Leakage of ALL Refrigerants 14

15 Montreal Protocol Changes Made on Friday September 21 st, 2007 Phase Out Schedule Developed Countries Consumption 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 65% 25% % Consumption cap reduced from 35% to 25% in Service Tail Review 0.5% Consumption 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Freeze Phase Out Schedule Developing Countries 90% Current: Consumption cap steadily reduced starting in % Previous: Consumption capped at 2015 levels until % 2.5% Note: acceleration shown in light blue 15

16 Leaks Detected per Unit at Manufacture Water-Cooled Leaks / Unit Tested Less Than 10 PPM

17 17 Ohnishi Basis for ICCP/TEAP report

18 Chiller Products Condensing units and fluid coolers Air-cooled chillers Water-cooled chillers Water-to-water heat pump and heat recovery units 18

19 WSC - Single Compressor

20 WDC - Dual Compressors

21 Why Consider Heat Recovery? Green Is Good Conservation of Natural Resources Lower Annual Energy Usage Reduce Operating Cost Provide a Good Life Cycle Analysis 21

22 Heat Recovery Requirements Simultaneous Heating And Cooling BTU/ft2 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Cooling Heating The Potential Heat Recovery At Any Point In Time Is The Lesser Of The Heat Source Or The Heat Load 22

23 Heat Pump Chiller Design Boiler Loop Cooling Tower Std. Chiller Heat Pump 95 F 85 F 85 F 130 F 140 F Pump 3-Way Bypass Valve 23

24 Centrifugal & Scroll Heat Pumps

acoustical treatment can lower your project cost Reliable Scroll compressors have fewer moving parts

25 Air-Cooled Scroll Condensing Units 10 to 39 tons Efficient Up to 11.4 EER at full load and up to 14.6 EER at part load (IPLV) Quiet All dba ratings tested in accordance with ARI Standard 370 Less acoustical treatment can lower your project cost Reliable Scroll compressors have fewer moving parts Controls flexibility easy integration with the BAS of your choice Optional low ambient operation range down to 0 F 25

26 Air-Cooled Scroll Condensing Units Dual Circuit: 25 to 135 tons Efficient Up to 11.1 EER at full load Reliable Scroll compressors have fewer moving parts Two circuits on all size units provide backup cooling Quiet Optional quiet condenser fans reduce radiated sound by 11dB Optional low ambient operation range down to 0 F 26

Indoor Air Handlers 900 to 65,000 cfm Flexibility Custom modular platform Variable Dimensioning feature Operating efficiency Efficient fan selections and energy

27 Indoor Air Handlers 900 to 65,000 cfm Flexibility Custom modular platform Variable Dimensioning feature Operating efficiency Efficient fan selections and energy recovery Easy, low cost installation Ships assembled or by section Easy maintenance and serviceability Easy to remove access panels Indoor air quality Low leakage cabinet 27

Outdoor Air Handlers 4,000 to 50,000 cfm Modular construction 100% make up air, dehumidification, VAV, or constant volume operation Multiple factory-installed options For customized flexibility

28 Outdoor Air Handlers 4,000 to 50,000 cfm Modular construction 100% make up air, dehumidification, VAV, or constant volume operation Multiple factory-installed options For customized flexibility Blow-through or draw-through cooling coil configurations Controls flexibility Easy integration with the BAS of your choice Heavy duty construction Optional independent IBC Seismic certification Confirms compliance with the newest IBC seismic requirements 28

29 Procedures for assuring good practices Select evaluation criteria Determine design loads Perform energy & economic analysis Decommission existing system Select final capacities Select final controls Assemble final documentation Commission or re-commission for compliance Periodically re-evaluate system performance ACCA

30 Best Service Practices Reactive: Crash and pay Minimal service: Occasional filter replacement Basic service agreement N.B. No attempt at night-set back; thermostat fixed set point Pro-active: External considerations Envelope enhancement Insulation; fenestration; lighting; wall & floor coverings Base system commissioning Duct sealing Full maintenance contract Refrigerant charge check Leak detection Right-sizing equipment 30

31 31 Water Based Systems

32 32 Air Based Systems

33 When Do You Replace HVAC? Identify value of system components: Condenser/compressor Air handler/furnace Duct Electrical service Controls Energy Efficiency Energy analysis Assign life expectancy On start-up/ On failure Ascertain component installed cost Do the math 33

34 Annual HVAC Energy Usage Fans have much smaller motors than refrigeration but use more power annually Chiller 58% Fans 43% Chiller 33% Fans 24% Pumps 13% Design Performance Tower 5% Pumps 22% Annual Energy Usage Tower 2% 34

35 New Technology- Frictionless Chillers 35

36 The Compressor at a Glance Inverter speed control 2 stage, direct drive, hermetic centrifugal compressor Permanent magnet motor Inlet Guide Vanes Motor and bearing control 36

37 Typical Performance Comparisons kw/ton Frictionless Centrifugal W/C Screw W/C Recip 0 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Percent Load 37

38 Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Transfer Media - Installation 6-Ton Ductwork 30-Ton Refrigerant Pipework 38

39 VRF Concept System Simplicity Typical Layout Outdoor Unit Indoor Unit Main features:- Energy Saving Individual control Long refrigerant Piping Wide range of units Low Noise Level 39

40 Total System EER ENERGY SAVING AREA 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% R134a Screw Water Cooled Other VRF Daikin VRV 40

41 System Economics 41

42 Relative Installed Costs PTAC 2-Pipe Fan-Coil WSHP Boiler Tower $ 10 WSHP Earth Coupled $ 12 VAV Rooftop VAV Central Station Double Duct Air-Water Induction 4-Pipe Fan-Coil $6 6 $8 $10 $ 12 $14 $16 Dollars / Square Foot * 42

43 Relative Operating Costs WSHP Earth Coupled WSHP Boiler Tower VAV Central Station 2-Pipe Fan-Coil VAV Rooftop 4-Pipe Fan-Coil PTAC Air-Water Induction Double Duct kwh / Square Foot Annually* 43

44 Future goals Net- Zero Energy Buildings Combination of Rising Energy Prices Improving Technology Concerns about Climate Change Future Goal of Net-Zero Carbon Emissions ASHRAE Standard 189P, Design of High Performance Green Buildings 44

45 45

Condenser Water Heat Recovery"

PLEASE MUTE CELL PHONES Condenser Water Heat Recovery" Julian de Bullet ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer Director of Industry Relations McQuay International 703-395-5054 1 What Is Sustainability? sustainable