TRENDS IN THE EVOLUTION OF WATER REQUIREMENTS, THEIR USE AND ENSURE BY THE FACILITIES AND HYDROTECHNIC STRUCTURES IN SIRET RIVER BASIN

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1 TRENDS IN THE EVOLUTION OF WATER REQUIREMENTS, THEIR USE AND ENSURE BY THE FACILITIES AND HYDROTECHNIC STRUCTURES IN SIRET RIVER BASIN DAN DĂSCĂLIŢA 1 ABSTRACT. Trends in the evolution of water requirements, their use and ensure by the facilities and hydrotechnic structures in Siret River Basin. Romania fits into areas with relatively poor water resources, compared to other regions of the world, ranked 29 in Europe. Siret River Basin level, water resources are in the same situation still occupies an important place in the total resources of the country. Economic and social development requires the provision of additional water requirements, but wich should be used sensibly. Representing the Water resource taken directly from natural sources of surface and ground water, requirement ensures water supply used in various destinations such as population and industrial and agricultural businesses. The water resource is not evenly distributed in time and space. Also, and its use is done unevenly, with maximum requirement periods, medium or low. There are periods when the water requisit are not covered by unarranged direct sources even though technological processes are equipped with internal water circulation systems or connected external to water networks. In order to ensure water requirements in any situation and in any case with deficite hydroclimatic or with maximum requirements of perspective, on the watercourse are realized hydrotechnics works, according complex planning schemes a hydrographical basins. Thus, the water courses have been furnished with accumulations, derivatives and water intakes which now provides full water requirements. In the Siret River Basin, hydrotechnics works were made in correlation with social and economic development, wich in the decade recorded the largest water requirements. Reducing economic activities correlated to reducing water loss from networks distribution but and with modernization of the technological processes, the last two decades have led to significant reductions in water requirements. Under these conditions some hydrotechnic arrangements with main water alimentation role, have changed initial functions or are in the process of redevelopment to become profitable and maintain aquatic and adjacent terrestrial ecosystems. In this paper we present some aspects regarding the trends of evolution water requirements and Facilities and hydrotechnic structures with role by water alimentation of the users from the Siret River Basin. Keywords: Water requirements, Facilities and hydrotechnic structures, Trend evolution, Siret Hydrographical Basin. 1 Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacau, Faculty Engineering - Engineering and Environmental Protection in Industry; Siret River Water Basin Administration, Bacau, Romania; dan_dsclt@yahoo.com, dan.dascalita@das.rowater.ro 468

2 1. INTRODUCTION Siret River Water Basin Administration (ABAS) manages some of Siret River Basin with an area of km 2, and consists of 734 hydrographic network streams encoded length km. The main tributaries are: Suceava, Bistrita, Moldova, Trotuş, Putna and Ramnicu Sarat (Figure 1 and Figure 2). Fig. 1. Length of the main tributaries of the Siret river that belong to the Siret Water Bazin Administration Fig. 2. Main hydrographical basins area that belong to the Siret Water Basin Administration 469

3 Siret river has three major tributaries which does not fall within the remit Siret Water Basin Administration namely Little Siret (in Ukraine), Buzau (Ialomita-Buzau Water Basin Administration) and Barlad (Prut Water Basin Administration). Siret River Basin has significant water resources but are not evenly distributed in time and space. In its upper area is rich hydrographic network. Lower Basin is poor in water resources deficit but with trends especially in dry periods. Hydrological regime with disastrous floods recorded especially in spring and summer. To ensure continuous water requirements from both surface water and groundwater and to protect against flooding in Siret River Basin were carried facilities and hydraulic structures designed according to the principles basin framework scheme. These facilities were developed after catastrophic floods recorded in 1970 and SYNTHETIC ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN HYDROTECHNICAL AMENITIES AND CONSTRUCTIONS Development of economic activities in the years , as well as producing floods and climate change in recent decades have led to the need for a complex development program Siret River Basin. This integrated program has considered the provision of water use and implementation of flood risk management. By making these programs managed within the Siret Water Basin Administration (ABAS) currently are operating 14 water reservoirs (11 permanent and non-permanent 3), 58 dikes, 142 regulated water courses, 149 bank protection works and 3 derivatives (Table 1). Table 2 shows the existing hydro facilities and building some subazine river belong to Siret River Basin located as illustrated in figure 5. Table 3 shows accumulation of water on the range of activities of ABAS. Table 1. Existing facilities and hydraulic structures Siret River Basin managed by Siret Water Basin Administration Facilities and hydraulic structures Number Structural characteristics - Permanent accumulation 11 Total volume - 205,30 million m 3 - Non permanent accumulation 3 Total volume - 1,90 million m 3 - Damming 58 Lenght - 323,1 km - Regularization 142 Lenght - 423,3 km - Mal defenses 149 Lenght - 164,9 km - Derivations 3 Lenght - 18,6 km - Pumping stations 6 9,4 m 3 /s - MHC 2 470

4 Table 2. Existing facilities and hydraulic structures in some basins managed by Siret Water Basin Administration Caracteristics UM Tributaries of the Siret river Suceava Bistriţa Moldova Trotuş Putna Table 3. Water Accumulations managed by Siret Water Basin Administration Rm. Sarat Surface Km Length of river surface Km Accumulation in ABA Siret No Derivations of water supply No. 1 1 Km 5,9 9,9 - Defence works Nr Km 15,1 16,4 25,6 48,7 10,9 2,2 - Regularizations No Km 102,5 59,3 44,1 48,6 48, Damming No Km 22,4 10,2 38,6 11,7 17,3 25,8 Permanent accumulation Non Permanent accumulation Volume of NNR (million m 3 ) Poiana Uzului 84,9 Bucecea 4,98 Rogojeşti 34,92 Dragomirna 18 Şomuz I Liteni 1,56 Şomuz II Moară 6,3 Grăniceşti 1,36 Solca 0,036 Lake agreement Bacău 0,99 Şerbăuţi 1,0 Crângu Ursului 2,70 Horodnic 1 0,84 Horodnic 2 0,52 Horodnic 3 0,51 Fig. 3. Poiana Uzului accumulation Fig. 4. Paşcani dam outlet 471

5 Fig. 5. The scheme of hydrotechnical works from Siret Hydrographical Space managed by Siret Water Basin Administration 3. SYNTHETIC ANALYSIS OF WATER RESOURCES AND WATER REQUIREMENTS EVOLUTION IN SIRET WATER BASIN MANAGED BY SIRET WATER BASIN ADMINISTRATION DURING Water Resource Area Siret River Siret managed by Siret basin water administration is 6868 million m 3 of which 5800 million m 3 are resources of surface water and 1068 million m 3 are resources of underground water. Of these resources are only usable just 2655 million m 3 because 4213 million m 3 can not be used due to inadequate state capacity, operating technical impossibility, ensuring ecological flows or runoff to flood (Fig. 6). 472

6 473 Fig. 6. Water resources in Siret Basin managed by Siret Water Basin Administration (million m 3 )

7 Water requirements during experienced a continuous reduction from 838,836 million m 3 in 1991 to 240,011 million m 3 in 2012 (Figure 7 and Figure 8). This significant decrease is due to a reduction in economic activity, the activity of agriculture, and the loss of guidance and control activities supported by specialists from Siret Water Basin Administration. From the graph shown in Figure 8 is the highest tendency to reduce water requirements during this period due largely dismantling activities in chemistry, pulp and paper and thermal energy production. thousands m Fig. 7. Evolution of water requirements during in Siret River Basin Administration managed by Siret Water Basin Administration Total Period thousands m Population Industry Zootechnics Irigation Fish culture Fig. 8. Evolution of water requirements during in Siret River Basin Administration managed by Siret Water Basin Administration Water requirements of the population suffered less reduction to reduce requirements for industry. The causes of reduce water requirements for the 474

8 populations due to a better management of water volumes by reducing losses in distribution networks and water adduction of human agglomerations and reducing wastage of water waste by reducing consuption per person. Analyzing the situation of urban localities located on the Siret Water Basin Administration (ABAS) noted that during , the number increased by 9 cities, through the transformation of rural areas. Although the number of urban areas increased from 27 to 36 cities and towns, their total population declined due to migration phenomena in other areas and lower birth rates. In the 20 years the urban population, including new cities with population of inhabitants related, decreased by 17.5% from 1,144,688 inhabitants in 1991 to 944,635 inhabitants in During this period, the degree of connection of the urban population to centralized water supply increased by about 10%, from 68% in 1991 to 78% currently. It appears that during the total water requirement decreased over 3.6 times from million m 3 of water in 1991 to 240 million m 3 of water in This phenomenon was mainly due to the significant reduction, alarms, tasks in industry and agriculture. In the total water requirement water share volume for the urban population grew during this period from 22.5% corresponding to a water volume of million m 3 in 1991 to 56.5% corresponding to a volume of water 130 million m 3 in Of comparative statements presented it is found that in the analyzed period the percentage of decrease of 17.5% resulted in lower volumes and purposes drinking water taken about 32 million m 3, remaining approximately 26.7 million m 3 of drinking water decreased by reducing water losses in the supply and distribution networks by 20%. 4. CONCLUSIONS Water requirements during suffered a continuous and significant reduction. Since 2009, the Siret River Basin shows that water requirement has ceased to decline it remained at an average flow of about 7,6 m 3 /s. In the coming next years it is expected a slight increase due primarily to increased requirements for agriculture (irrigation and pisciculture). REFERENCES 1. (2011) Dăscăliţa Dan, World Water Day - 22 march Water for cities. Responses to urban challenge Newsletter SOMEDIU, Nr. 9 march 2011, SOMEDIU nr. 09 march 2011.pdf. 2. Dăscăliţa Dan, Water balance studies, , A. B.A. Siret. 3. Annual water management, , Siret Water Bazin Administration (ABA) 475