Host fragrances for pest control

Transcription

1 Host fragrances for pest control - possibilities and limitations - Gunda Thöming 1, Geir K. Knudsen 1, Marco Tasin 1,2, Hans Ragnar Norli 1 and Anders Aak 3 1 Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway (former: Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research - BIOFORSK) 2 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden 3 Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

2 Olfaction is important for insect to find food mates oviposition sites

3 Monitoring and mass trapping Use of attractive host odours in traps

4 Attraction of natural enemies Manipulate populations levels of antagonists

5 Erling Fløistad

6 Nina Trandem Host odours and attraction of female insects Helmut Saucke

7 Pisum sativum flower Identification of volatiles Identification of antennally active volatiles GC-MS GC-EAD Odour collection Behaviour in wind tunnel and field 00 Refine compounds and blend composition Pest control tool Bioassay Innovation and product development

8 Odour collection Find the best filter and do extracts of volatile collections

9 Odour analyses GC-MS

10 Antennally active volatiles GC-EAD

11 FID EAD

12 Behavioural active volatiles - lab Wind tunnel - attraction to host perfumes in the lab Using: Natural host material Extracts of volatile collections Synthetic volatiles

13 Behavioural active volatiles - field Field attraction to host perfumes

14 Pest control strategy Use synthetic attractants not found in a natural setting Lathyrus odoratus specific compounds (LO) + Common Fabaceae compounds (C) Olfactory cues in host selection of pea moth Thöming G & Norli HR Olfactory cues from different plant species in host selection by female pea moth. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63:

15 Examples - Host odours for pest control

16 Monitoring and decision support: Apple fruit moth, Argyresthia conjungella Knudsen GK & Tasin M Spotting the invaders: A monitoring system based on plant volatiles to forecast apple fruit moth attacks in apple orchards. Basic and Applied Ecology 16:

17 Monitoring and decision support: Apple fruit moth, Argyresthia conjungella Intermasting year Damage on apples Masting year No damage Knudsen GK & Tasin M Spotting the invaders: A monitoring system based on plant volatiles to forecast apple fruit moth attacks in apple orchards. Basic and Applied Ecology 16:

18 Masstrapping: Blowfly, Calliphora vicina Economic loss to blowflies 1.5 million per year. Chemical treatment is obsolete Indoor drying reduce quality Covering is difficult with the harsh weather conditions Destruction of larvae under racks and in storage rooms is important ak A, Birkemoe T & Knudsen GK Efficient mass trapping: catching the pest, Calliphora vicina, (Diptera, Calliphoridae), of Norwegian stockfish production. Journal of Chemical Ecology 37:

19 % damage to stockfish Masstrapping: Blowfly, Calliphora vicina ak A, Birkemoe T & Knudsen GK Efficient mass trapping: catching the pest, Calliphora vicina, (Diptera, Calliphoridae), of Norwegian stockfish production. Journal of Chemical Ecology 37:

20 Attraction of natural enemies: Green lacewings, Chrysoperla carnae Hungarian Academy of Science Koczor S, Knudsen GK, Hatleli L, Szentkiralyi F & Toth M Manipulation of oviposition and overvintering site choice of common green lacewings with synthetic lure (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 139:

21 Attraction of natural enemies: Hungarian Academy of Science Green lacewings, Chrysoperla carnae A B Use synthetic attractants - to manipulate population levels of natural enemies Attract green lacewings (A) Reduce aphids Increase egg laying (B) Increase overwinter survival (C)

22 Challenges Competition natural host odour vs. synthetic host scents Background odours influence insect behaviour Formulation of synthetics for sustained release over large areas Acceptance, product registration, market,

23 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Science