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1 ,UULJDWLRQLQ6W\ULDQ9LQLFXOWXUH As a reaction on the weather development during the years 2001 to 2003 in southern Styria the working group Soil Water Management in Styrian Viniculture stated, that mainly in areas with viniculture on terraces and in areas with young grapevines irrigation will be used in future to ensure vine quality. Due to the availability of irrigation water optimization processes have to be developed. A research project was formulated with the aim to get basic information on the possibilities to use optimized irrigation technologies on the boundary conditions of Styrian viniculture. As results of this project simple and cheap methods should be developed and following questions will be answered: Optimization of management of drop irrigation depending on the different stages of plant development and different physio-geographical boundary conditions (soil, climate, weather, morphology etc.) When should drop irrigation start How long will be the duration of irrigation events What amount of water will be needed for irrigation How is the effect of irrigation on soil water conditions and how can this effects be visualized in a simple way How is the effect of irrigation on grapes and vine quality The research project is in a close connection to the project soil water management in Styrian viniculture, where the hydrological basics and the boundaries for Styrian viniculture has been discussed. The results of the project have been published on a CD prepared for WWW in 2004 (Fank et al., 2004). Available water will be an important factor for viniculture in the future. In principle grapevines are able to react on different stages of water availability in a short way. Nevertheless longer periods with low water availability should be avoided. A grapevine needs about 500 mm of precipitation a year. Using a mulch system as in Styria an additional amount of 120 mm per year is needed. The aim of additional irrigation is not to increase the yield but to ensure the grapes quality and the grape vines vitality. Close to the technical school on viniculture Silberberg in Kitzeck a combined soil hydrology and meteorology measurement station ( Schwarz ) has been built up. As a basis to calculate grassreference evapotranspiration the parameters precipitation, air temperature, wind velocity, humidity and net radiation are measured in 15 minutes time interval. Time series of soil water content are measured in depths of 30, 60 and 90 cm below surface. Meteorological data are used to fit the Penmen- Monteith evapotranspiration equation as advised from FAO (Allen et al., 1998; ASCE 2005). Fig. 1 shows the time series of water content in different soil depths in comparison with daily sum of precipitation. The reaction of water content on precipitation events is visible; the intensity of reaction depends on the pre-event water content. Fig. 2 shows for the whole measuring period ( to ) cumulated sum curves of precipitation (comparison between Schwarz and Wagna and cumulated sum of evapotranspiration.

2 FP9RO FP9RO FP9RO )LJ&RPSDULVRQRIGDLO\VXPRISUHFLSLWDWLRQ ZLWKWLPHVHULHVRIZDWHUFRQWHQWLQGLIIHUHQW GHSWKVSHULRGWR FXP36FKZDU] FXP(7B' FXP3:DJQD )LJFRPSDULVRQ RI FXPXODWHG VXP RI SUHFLSLWDWLRQ DW PHDVXULQJ SRLQW Ä6FKZDU]³ VXP RI SUHFLSLWDWLRQ DW Ä:DJQD³ FDOFXODWHG VXP RI JUDVVUHIHUHQFH HYDSRWUDQVSLUDWLRQ FXP (7B' DQG FDOFXODWHG VXP RI UHDO HYDSRWUDQVSLUDWLRQ IRU JUDSHYLQHV XVLQJ FURS FRHIILFLHQWVRI$OOHQHWDOIRUWKHSHULRGWR Close to the meteorological station two soil hydrologic measuring profiles below two grapevines have been implemented. Using Watermark gypsum blocks (UMS Munich) the hydraulic head is measured. Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show pictures of the soil profiles. Field capacity of the profiles had been calculated to 113 to 115 mm, the storage capacity with plants available water is estimated to 76 to 77 mm.

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5 As visible in Fig. 5 the sensors have been assembled in a way to investigate the water distribution in the whole root area of the grapevine. At the other profile (Fig. 6) only three sensors in the centre of the root area has been built in at depth 30, 60 an 90 cm below surface. )LJ*\SVXPEORFNVLQWKHURRWDUHDRISURILOH

6 )LJ*\SVXPEORFNVLQD'±SURILOHDWJUDSHYLQH In different intervals the hydraulic head is measured and documented. Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show some first data sets in comparison of neighboured sensors. In Fig. 7 we may see the comparison of hydraulic head in 30 cm below surface at profile 1; in Fig. 8 the measured values in three different depths of profile 2 are visualized.

7 *% *% *% *% *% )LJ 0HDVXUHG K\GUDXOLF KHDG UHFRUGHG ZLWK J\SVXP EORFNV FRPSDULQJ WLPH VHULHV LQ WKH VDPH GHSWK FP EHORZ VXUIDFH DW SURILOH IRU WKH SHULRG -XQH WR 'HFHPEHU *% *% *% )LJ 0HDVXUHG K\GUDXOLF KHDG UHFRUGHG ZLWK J\SVXP EORFNV FRPSDULQJ WLPH VHULHV LQ GLIIHUHQWGHSWKVDQGFPEHORZVXUIDFHDWSURILOHIRUWKHSHULRG-XQHWR 'HFHPEHU References: Allen, R.G., L.S. Pereira, D. Raes, and M. Smith Crop Evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. Irrig. and Drain. Paper 56, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 300 pp. ASCE ASCE Standardized Reference Evapotranspiration Equation. ASCE-EWRI Task Committee Report, 59 pp. Fank, J., H. Zetinigg, B. Grüner, S. Steinbauer, M. Hasenhüttl, L. Schleicher Bodenwasserhaushalt in Weinbaugebieten der Steiermark Erarbeitung eines hydrologischen Atlas der Weinbaugebiete. Graz, 119 Seiten.