Offshore Wind Energy in the Netherlands
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1 Offshore Wind Energy in the Netherlands Asset Management & Technical Innovations Bram Reinders Mark de la Vieter September 2014
2 Agenda Dutch Energy Policy & Industry Policy Offshore Wind Energy in the Netherlands Cost, risks and asset management Critical Offshore Implementation /Technical issues 2
3 Dutch Energy Policy Principles: available, affordable and clean Mix of energy from renewables (like wind and solar) and traditional sources, such as oil, gas and coal. Long term (2050): switch to sustainable, low carbon energy supplies. Towards a harmonized European energy market & climate neutral energy consumption Energy Agreement for Sustainable Growth with employers, trade unions, environmental organizations and others.
4 Dutch Energy Policy: Energy Agreement for Sustainable Growth More than forty organizations Purpose: wholly sustainable energy supply system by Objectives: a saving in final energy consumption of averaging 1.5% annually; a 100 petajoule saving in the country s final energy consumption by 2020; an increase of sustainable energy from 4.4% currently to 14% in 2020; a further increase to 16% in 2023; full-time jobs. 4
5 DUTCH Industry Policy: Top Sector policy 9 high level top teams advising on innovation instruments. Strengthening competence for international competition Golden triangle: companies, knowledge centers and government Top Sector Energy: Biobased Energy Solar Energy Gas Smart Grids Offshore Wind Residential Energy Saving Industrial Energy Saving Companies Government Topsector Energy Science & Education
6 6 Taiwan Policy: NEP-II
7 Comparison between programs Energy Conservation Taiwan: Focus Centers Alt.Energy:Bio-Energy Alt.Energy:Solar Alt.Energy:Storage Smart Grid Offshore Wind and Marine Energy TKI EnerGO, TKI ISPT Netherlands/EU: Industry Policy TKI Gas, TKI ISPT, TKI BBE TKI Solar Energy TKI Systems Integration TKI Switch2SmartGrids TKI Offshore Wind Geothermal Energy and Gas Hydrate - Carbon Reduction and Clean Coal Support by European Commission (NER300) 7
8 Agenda Dutch Energy Policy & Industry Policy Offshore Wind Energy in the Netherlands Cost, risks and asset management Critical Offshore Implementation /Technical issues 8
9 Current: Offshore Wind Farms in Operation and Development Shell-NUON 36 x Vestas 3MW V90 108MW km from the coast 18 m water depth Monopiles 70 m above sea level, 30 m into seabed total investment appr. M 260 E-Connection Evelop 60 Vestas 2 MW V MW 23 km from coast m water depth mono piles total investment appr. M 380 Photo: Jos Beurskens (We@Sea) OWEZ AMALIA GEMINI (Under Development) Appr 600 MW Irene Vorrink (Special Mention) 28 MW (1997) Irene Vorrink Photo: Jos Beurskens (We@Sea) Luchterduinen (Under Construction) Appr 150 MW Source: TUDelft Offshore Engineering, Wybren de Vries
10 The Future: Scaling up renewable energy generation 6000 MW onshore wind power by 2020 Introduction of a participation model enabling local residents to participate actively in the planning and operation of wind farms. For the period after 2020, additional capacity will eventually be sought within the frameworks discussed with the Association of Netherlands Provinces (IPO) MW offshore wind power by 2023 A total of 3450 MW will be contracted for by means of phased procurement procedures commencing in 2015 and increasing as follows: 450 MW (2015), 600 MW (2016), 700 MW (2017), 800 MW (2018), and 900 MW (2019). With the assumption that the cost of offshore wind power will be cut by some 40% in the years ahead. The Government ensures that there is a robust legal framework that makes it possible to scale up offshore wind power. 10
11 The robust legal framework: policy on spatial planning National Water Plan decides where offshore wind energy is allowed. Roadmap decides which areas will be used until Government designs sites of 300 MW to tender and provides detailled info of the site, like wind information, and states the boundaries for the project developers. TenneT develops offshore grid from the North Sea to the national grid. Tender per area Lowest bid wins the permit to build and qualify for receiving subsidy. and then the construction phase (3-5 years) starts. 11
12 Cost reduction target Levelized costs offshore wind at 100 / MWh %
13 Cost reduction pathways (abroad) UK Germany 13
14 14 Strong position Dutch industry in offshore wind
15 The Dutch offshore track record (1/3)
16 The Dutch offshore track record (2/3)
17 The Dutch offshore track record (3/3)
18 Dutch companies top 3 world wide General offshore Fugro: world market leader in soil investigations for offshore wind Van Oord: number 2 offshore wind EPC contractor Heerema / SHL / Ballast Nedam: top 5 installation companies for foundations Damen: top 3 ship builder for offshore wind Installation: SIF / Smulders: world market leader in monopile offshore wind foundations Vroon / MPI: top 3 installation company for windturbines IHC Merwede: world market leader in tooling for offshore wind Connectivity VSMC: top 3 cable installation company for offshore wind Tennet: top 3 investor and operator of grid connections Heerema / Strukton Hollandia: top 5 EPC contractors Offshore high voltage stations 18
19 Offshore wind in the Netherlands The Netherlands are perfectly situated for offshore wind on the North Sea The Dutch Government is highly committed to strenghtening the position of Dutch companies The Netherlands are an open economy with a highly qualified laborforce on offshore wind The Netherlands have excellent infrastructure and other provisions for foreign companies and investors in offshore wind The Netherlands has a strong background in innovation and specified innovation programs for future cost reductions 19
20 Agenda Dutch Energy Policy & Industry Policy Offshore Wind Energy in the Netherlands Cost, risks and asset management Critical Offshore Implementation /Technical issues 20
21 Cost structure of offshore wind farms CAPEX: 66%. Big chunks: * Turbine, * Foundations * Installation of foundation OPEX: 33% Break down of LCOE for a typical offshore wind farm. Source: BVG Consulting 2014, for KIC Big chunks: * O&M * Grid charges 21 Land based wind energy benefits more from cost reduction oriented wind turbine innovations than offshore wind does
22 Risk Management Risk = Probability x Impact Two strategies: Avoiding Reducing the Probability Mitigating Reducing the Impact 22
23 Sea bottom stability Cable stability Installation concepts Foundation concepts Design tools for turbines and farms Standards Future & Multifunctional concepts End-of-life concepts Wind farm as power plant (Inter)connecting wind farms to grid System stability Grid stability Safety (ships, labour) Port development O&M strategies Risk map Project developer/owner Project developer/owner Management Contractual Installation Technical Operational Financial risks Endogenous risks Exogenous risks Force Majeure Market distorsion Political 23 Insurance conditions Scenarios Communication Site data Birds, Sea mammals, Fish, Morphology Cumulative effects Legal Currency Inflation Wind & Waves Ecology/ Environmental Expertise: HHWE NWEA Source: Jos beurskens,
24 Asset Management Preventive Maintenance (PM) Corrective Maintenance (CM) Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) Reliability Accessibility Availability! Asset Management 24 O&M cost are 25% - 30% of kwh cost (LCOE) Revenue losses approximately 50% of O&M cost and comparable with corrective maintenance (ref.: ECN)
25 Asset Management: Access technology Transfer and transport systems 25
26 Wind speed [m/s] Wave height [m] O&M Planner Failure In Operation In Operation Data, timeseries Wind speed [m/s] (Upper limit) Vref Hm0 [m] (Upper limit) Href Time [hrs] T_wait 40 uur = 96 hr Repair time for mission of 40 resp. 20 hr? Hs = 1,5 m Vw = 12 m/s T_wait 20 uur = 56 hr ECN; Braam, Rademakers 26
27 Agenda Dutch Energy Policy & Industry Policy Offshore Wind Energy in the Netherlands Cost, risks and asset management Critical Offshore Implementation /Technical issues 27
28 Typical offshore R, D & D issues (Fundamentally different from onshore technology) A. External conditions B. Wind farm design C. Wind turbines & Components D. Support structures E. Transport & Installation F. Operation & maintenance (O&M) G. Grid Connection & Integration H. Ecology 28
29 A. External Conditions Wind (low turbulence intensity) Waves Ocean currents Saline atmosphere Morphology 29
30 Wave & current characteristics Waves (surface and wind) relevant for: Access levels Extremes (breaking waves) Fatigue Installation & Maintenance Currents relevant for: Loads (Extremes) Installation & Maintenance Scour 30
31 31 Understanding the effects of extreme waves on offshore wind turbines (TKI-project WiFi JIP)
32 B. Wind Farm Design More energy at same investment level (optimising lay-out & wake control) Improve power quality (reduced power fluctuations) 32
33 More energy output by wake control u 33 33
34 C. Optimisation of wind turbines for offshore wind farms TKI participants 34
35 35 D. Support structures
36 Support structures (TKI projects) Drilled concrete monopile Integrated design mast and support structure 36
37 Support structures (TKI projects) Smart scour protection (erosion protection) Slip joint (no grout, no transition piece) 37
38 Support structures: acoustic noise reduction. (TKI project) Drilled concrete monopile Noise barrier 38
39 39 Accurate life time prediction of support structures. (TKI project FeLoSeFI) Estimates the expected lifetime of offshore wind structures accurately.
40 E. Transport & Installation Trends Parts by part A Complete wind turbine Who will be the winner? A or B? B Ballast Nedam 40 Just in time delivery at construction site from manufacturer 40 Van Oord
41 Service islands and energy storage Service island at sea Service island & energy storage at sea 41 Floating harbour 41
42 F. Operation & Maintenance Ampelmann test & demo 42 Photo: Jos Beurskens 42
43 From optimised O&M to Asset management Preventive Maintenance (PM) Corrective Maintenance (CM) Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) Reliability Accessibility Availability! Asset Management 43 O&M cost are 25% - 30% of kwh cost (LCOE) Revenue losses approximately 50% of O&M cost and comparable with corrective maintenance (ref.: ECN)
44 Access technology (TKI project) Z- Bridge: Innovative access bridge for offshore wind turbines 44
45 45 G. Grid Connection & Integration
46 Grid Connection HVAC vs. HVDC connection (~10 km, OWEZ Egmond aan Zee) 34 kv 150 kv AC (~23 km, Q7 IJmuiden) 22 kv 150 kv AC Future (>120 km) kv kv DC
47 Grid Connection Multi-terminal HVDC 47
48 Grid Connection (TKI project: Synergies at Sea (SAS)) Integration of infrastructure and interconnection of multiple offshore wind farms 48
49 Automatic monitoring H. Ecology Most important ecological issues: Birds (migration, collisions) Chris Westra Development of environmental effects monitoring equipment Marine mammals (sound during installation) Bird collision detection ECN Birds flight detection radar TNO TNO Fish (Positive effects, negative effects during hammering?) 49
50 On Ecological Issues The more research is conducted.. the less anticipated problems appear to be real ones, the more mitigating measures appear possible and effective, However, cumulative effects are still unknown
51 And finally
52 Offshore wind in the Netherlands The Netherlands are perfectly situated for offshore wind on the North Sea The Dutch Government is highly committed to strenghtening the position of Dutch companies The Netherlands are an open economy with a highly qualified laborforce on offshore wind The Netherlands have excellent infrastructure and other provisions for foreign companies and investors in offshore wind The Netherlands has a strong background in innovation and specified innovation programs for future cost reductions and is willing to collaborate 52
53 Thank you for your attention! Photo: Jos Beurskens 53
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