CARBON AND ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT ANALYSIS FOR ACHIEVING ONE PLANET LIVING

Transcription

1 CARBON AND ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT ANALYSIS FOR ACHIEVING ONE PLANET LIVING Session: The Circular Economy ~ Creating Climate Resilient Economies 2017 Livable Cities Forum Victoria, BC, September Presented by: Jennie Moore & Cora Hallsworth

2 Overview How understanding our ecological footprint and consumption-based emissions can advance the circular economy Orientation to the ecocity Footprint Tool Application of the ecocity Footprint Tool

3 Urban Living in the Anthropocene 50% of net primary production in service of human population 50% of global population lives in cities

4 Biocapacity = Net Primary Production Approximately 1.7 gha/ca billion hectares of ecologically productive land and sea area (WWF 2014) 7.3 billion people

5 Our Planet Urban Impact

6 Understanding Urban Ecosystems City

7 Resource Flows Built Environment Natural Resources Wastes Ecosystems

8 Dimensions of Sustainability: Nested Hierarchy of Systems Environment Society Economy

9 Sustainability Society Framework Built Environment Economy (inputs) Natural Resources Wastes Economy (outputs) Ecosystems Environment

10 Definition of One-Planet Living One-planet living refers to a lifestyle that, if adopted by everyone, could be supported indefinitely by the regenerative capacity of Earth s ecosystems ~Wackernagel and Rees 1996

11 Calculating the ecological footprint ~ Two methods COMPOUND Method Top-down National data Input-Output economic tables (i.e. StatsCan) Comparable Comprehensive Not locally responsive COMPONENT Method Bottom-up Local data Municipal and Regional reports Not comparable (as a rule) Significant data gaps Locally responsive/relevant

12 Component Method: integrated urban metabolism, consumption-based inventory, eco-footprint Residential Urban Metabolism Consumption-Based Emissions Inventory Add LCA Tonnes and Litres of materials Gigajoules/kilowatt hours energy Kilometres, hectares of land Greenhouse gas emissions (operating and embodied) Energy footprint Materials footprint Ecological Footprint

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14 Schematic of data inputs Food / Buildings/ Consumables & Waste / Transportation / Water Materials Embodied Energy Operating Energy Built Area Residential (I)CI Residential (I)CI Residential (I)CI Residential (I)CI

15 Data Inputs Required to derive: Materials, embodied energy, operational energy and built area Food Buildings Consumables and Wastes Consumption data by food type and food miles Built area, material components and operational energy, by sector Consumption data derived from solid waste outputs, by sector; built area, material components, and operational energy of infrastructure Transportation Water Built area and material components of infrastructure; operational energy (via VKT, by transport type and vehicle type) Built area, material components, and operational energy for drinking water, sewerage and drainage infrastructure

16 Exploring the ecocity Footprint Tool

17 Integrated Urban Metabolism and Ecological Footprint of Metro Vancouver (study year 2006). Jennie Moore, Philip Mansfield, Sebastian Moffatt

18 Application of the ecocity Footprint Tool

19 Application in Vancouver Prototype ecocity Footprint Tool created City of Vancouver s ecological footprint and consumption-based greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory in 2006.

20 ecocity Footprint Tool Outputs Informed by Life Cycle Assessment data Ecological Footprint To our knowledge, and as confirmed with experts in the field, no other tool combines these functionalities and outputs Consumptionbased GHG Emission Inventory Urban Metabolism Territorial GHG Emission Inventory

21 Complimentary GHG Emission Inventory Approaches Evaluation of emissions associated with all consumption, regardless of where produced Consumptionbased Traditional territorial In-boundary emissions from community-wide sources due to energy use in buildings, transportation, water supply/treatment; and solid waste disposal A growing number of local and regional governments are pursuing consumption based inventories to complement traditional inventories

22 Comparing Outputs Vancouver 2006 GHG Emission Inventory (based on PCP protocol) Consumption Based Emission Inventory 0% 43% 53% 36% 17% Food Buildings 4% Total GHGs 2,847,507 tco2e Per capita 4.9 tco2e 21% 26% Total GHGs 5,530,605 tco2e Per Capita 9.2 tco2e Consumables & Waste Transportation Water Jennie Moore 2013

23 2017 Pilot Project Objectives With funding from Urban Sustainability Director s Network (USDN): 1. Enhancing, refining, and testing the prototype ecocity Footprint Tool: Aligning with the GPC (Global Protocol for Community Scale GHG Emission Inventories) Testing in US context 2. Creating consumption based emission inventories and ecological footprints for five pilot communities 3. Scoping on-line format of Tool

24 Pilot participants and stakeholders PILOT CITIES: City of Victoria BC City of North Vancouver BC District of Saanich BC City of Vancouver BC Iowa City, IA INTERNATIONAL PILOTS: Medelline, Columbia Cusco, Peru PROJECT LEADS: Jennie Moore, BCIT Cora Hallsworth, CHC PROJECT ADVISORS: Allison Ashcroft, USDN Babe O Sullivan, USDN OBSERVING CITIES: Cincinnati OH Cupertino CA Edmonton AB Emeryville CA Flagstaff AZ Gaithersburg MD Kauai OH Oakland CA Philadelphia PA Portland OR Santa Monica CA Squamish BC Chennai, India San Isidro, Peru San Jose, Cost Rica FUNDING PARTNER: Urban Sustainability Director s Network (USDN) STAKEHOLDERS: Ecocity Builders Additional USDN members Additional North American municipalities and regional districts ICLEI FCM Province of BC

25 Desired Outcomes Cities will have access to a tool that will: Streamline data collection and reporting. Provide a more robust understanding of emission sources and ecological impacts. Inform sustainable consumption efforts. Highlight new opportunities to reduce emissions and ecological impacts.

26 Conclusions (part 1) Urban metabolism and life cycle assessment are the foundation of the ecocity Footprint Tool s approach to create a CBEI and EF. They enable: Identifying consumption hotspots Demonstrating progress in closing the loop

27 Conclusions (part 2) Informing actions Use this knowledge to: Influence habits and choices Tell the whole truth about lifestyle impacts Support shift to sustainable consumption with policies and regulations Provide alternatives

28 THANK YOU! Dr. Jennie Moore Associate Dean, School of Construction and the Environment Cora Hallsworth Project Manager, ecocity Footprint Tool Pilot

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30 Global Hectares / Capita Jennie Moore 2013 Exploring Reduction Potential - Vancouver Built Area Energy Forest Fishing Pasture Crop VANCOUVER EF NOW WORLD BIOCAPACITY VANCOUVER ONE- PLANET INTERNATIONAL ONE-PLANET

31 One-Planet Baseline Vancouver s Top five actions include: 1 Make 86% of trips by walking, cycling and transit 0.38 gha/ca 2 Reduce food waste post-purchase by 50% 0.37 gha/ca 3 Reduce red meat consumption 50% by substituting with white meat or legumes 0.34 gha/ca 4 Improve energy efficiency in buildings by 40% 0.21 gha/ca 5 Reduce paper consumption by 50% 0.12 gha/ca * gha: global hectares/capita Jennie Moore

32 A new standard for community inventories the Global Protocol for Community Scale Emissions (GPC) A new international reporting standard Standardized methodology for community reporting Expands data set typically collected by local government (e.g., to include industrial and agricultural sources and out of boundary transportation) We aim to align the ecocity Footprint Tool with the GPC

33 One-Planet Lifestyle? Repurpose, fix and share belongings Avoid consumption of paper, red meat and bottled beverages Roads, roofs, and walls used for urban agriculture Most trips (86%) are by walking, cycling and transit, vehicles are zero emissions Most people don t fly and very few own cars Buildings are energy efficient and zero emissions Jennie Moore 2013