Research Officer, Forest Research Institute

Transcription

1 Bamboo in Myanmar Aung Zaw Moe Aung Zaw Moe Research Officer, Forest Research Institute

2 1. Introduction CONTENT 2. Bamboo Resources 3. Commercial Important Bamboos of Myanmar 4. Bamboo Forest Area and Productivity 5. Techniques of Bamboo Propagation 6. Establishment of Bamboo Plantation 7. Threatened Bamboo Resources 8. Sustainable Use of fbamboo Resources 9. International Cooperation 10. Bamboo Products 11. Bamboo Research and Development 12. Bamboo Utilization Towards the Sustainable Goals 13. Recommendation

3 1. INTRODUCTION rich in bamboo resources and is greatly used by the rural people. Although the usefulness of bamboo, it is classified as a minor forest produce. Markets and bamboo base technology was not well established and the value of the species was not realized. value added bamboo products are becoming more and more important. Export of bamboo products have now started and their values are now being realized and appreciated. Need to encourage the promotion of bamboo products, especially in the cottage bamboo industry.

4 2. Bamboo Resources 75 genera and about 1250 species occur in the world (Sharma, 1979, INBAR & IPGRI, 1994). Myanmar has 21 genera and 102 species in bamboo diversity. No. Genus No. of No. Genus No. of Species Species 1. Bambusa Melocalamus 1 2. Cephalostachyum Melocanna 2 3. Chimonobambusa Neohouzeaus 4 4. Chimonocalamus Oxytenenthera 1 5. Dendrocalamopsis Phyllostachys 3 6. Dendrocalamus Pseudostachyum 2 7. Dinochloa Pseudoxytenanthera 4 8. Drepanostachyum Schizostachyum 2 9. Gigantochloa Thyrsostachys Guadua Yushania Klemechloa 1 Total 102

5 3. Commercial Important Bamboo Species Not all bamboos are equally useful, and not al have potential for commercial applications. Depending on the species, diameter, physical properties, it may different in usage. There are about 18 species of importance species according to the criteria of priority selection as in INBAR Technical Report1. The criteria are: i. Relative importance to countries in term of current use ii. Potential importance for expanded use in the country iii. Knowledge on degree of commercialization in cultivation iv. Product currently valued v. Product for generation of knowledge in cultivation vi. Product likely to increase in value and vii. Enhance processing shows clear potential

6 3. Commercial Important Bamboo Species No. Local Name Scientific Name Major end use 1. Hmyin-wa Dendrocalamus strictus Nees Pulp & paper, building materials, agricultural implements, household utensil, shoot 2. Htiyo-wa Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble Shoot, pulp & paper, handicraft, fense, wind break 3. Kayin-wa Melocanna bambusoides Trin. Pulp & paper, construction, basket roofing mats 4. Kya-khat-wa Bambusa arundinaceae (Retz.) Wind. Construction, ti mats, baskets, shoots, medicinal i 5. Kya-thaung-wa Bambusa polymorpha Munra. Building materials, shoots, baskets, pulp& paper 6. Tabindaing-wa Bambusa longispiculata Shoots 7. Thaik-wa Bambusa tulda Roxbo. Building material, shoots, pulp & paper, handicraft, implement, (fodder, furniture) 8. Thana-wa Thyrsostachys oliveri Gamble Poles and fishing rot, shoots 9. Tin-wa Cephalostachyum pergracile Munro Handicrafts, mating, baskets, temporary construction 10. Kyalo Demdrocalamus brandisii Kurz. Building construction, handicrafts, shoots 11. Wabogyi Drndrocalamus giganteus Munro. Building bamboo board, pulp, household implement, shoots 12. Wabo-myet-san-gye Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees. Building construction, handicrafts, shoots, fodder, weaving 13. Wa-gyi Dendrocalamus calostachys Kurz House posts, water pipe, construction 14. Kyalway-wa Dendrocalamus asper Construction, making Gar for fishing 15. Wani Dendrocalamus latiflorus Murno Shoot, Construction 16. Wanet Dendrocalamus vulgaris Building, baskets, shoots 17. Wanwe Dinochloa m clellandi Baskets, utility, shoots 18. Waya Bambusa nigrociliata Munro. Building, construction, handicrafts, basket, walking sticks

7 4. Bamboo Forest Areas and Productivity Bamboo grow abundantly through out the country either mixed with timber trees or in pure stands. Three main bamboo productive areas can be categorized. N o Name of Region Area (km 2 ) 1. BagoYoma Region East BagoYoma Region West BagoYoma Region 5,970 2,225 8, Rakhine Region 7, Taninthayi Region 1,873 Total 17,838 Source: Planning and Statistic Division, Forest Department 4

8 4. Bamboo Forest Areas and Productivity Estimated that bamboo grow abundantly (143,000 sq..km +) throughout the country. Average annual productions of bamboo for commercial purpose in Myanmar were million numbers of culms This figure actually does not include bamboo extracted by rural people. The Forest Department estimates that each family member uses 120 pieces of bamboo annually. Thus, at a very conservative estimate, annual bamboo production in Myanmar is about 2 billion pieces covering all kinds of production. 5

9 5. Technique of Bamboo Propagation Raw material for production of bamboo products is obtained from the natural forests. Harvesting of the bamboo raw material is also not scientifically managed. it is difficult to get the required qualitative raw material in large quantity and sustainably. Thus, it is inevitable that plantation of a particular bamboo product feasible, sustainable and economical. Need to encourage the promotion of private bamboo plantation 6

10 5. Technique of Bamboo Propagation Reproductive Bamboo Seeds Vegetative Branch cutting Culm cutting Single node cutting Double node cutting Layering Rhizome 7

11 6. Establishment of Bamboo Plantation bamboo plantation establishment method is not well established within the Forest Department it has been practiced traditionally since time immemorial in Myanmar. the Shan people establish their own bamboo plantations for their home use most of the plantations are planted only for their own use and very few on commercial basic Although, commercial bamboo plantations can be seen in Magway, Yangon, and Ayeyarwaddy Divisions and in the Mon and Shan States by local community. Nowadays, commercial bamboo plantation were widely established by companies, bamboo associations and local community.

12 7. Threatened Bamboo Resources In Myanmar, major threaten activities that are harmful to bamboo natural resources and drag them to nearly decreasing quality and quantity and unsustainable use of bamboo are as follows: Over harvesting bamboo from natural forest Unsystematic harvesting, iteration of bamboo exploitation in same area and no cutting cycle Over collection of bamboo shoot Changing the habitats into other land use. 8

13 8. Sustainable Use of Bamboo Resources to sustainable use of bamboo, following activities needs; Establishment of bamboo plantations. Awareness rising in natural bamboo forest management and harvesting. Control the bamboob shoot collection in natural forest. The management practices prescribed for obtaining desired quality culms are; - The harvesting/extraction should be carried out between October and February. - No felling operations between April and October. - All bamboob culms above three years old should be harvested. - Harvesting should preferably be done each year. - Bamboo areas should be strictly protected from grazing. - Mounding or heaping earth around clumps and fertilization should be carried out each year before the rainy season. - In no case should bamboo clumps be clear felled. - The clear felled clumps generally degenerate into a bushy form. 9

14 9. International Cooperation Project Sr. Name of Projects International Organization 1. Promoting sustainability of Bamboo through Community Participation in Sustainable Forest Management PD 146/02 Rev. 1(I) ( ) 2006) 2. Market Development of Bamboo and Rattan Products with Potential ( ) (China, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar) 3. Promotion of sustainable management and use of bamboo resources in Myanmar ( ) ITTO INBAR & CFC TICA 10

15 10. Bamboo Products In Myanmar, it could be grouped into the following six main product groups of traditional bamboo products. a) Crude Bamboo Products b) Bamboo Building & Bridges c) Bamboo Furniture d) Bamboo Weavings e) Bamboo Handicrafts f) Food (Bamboo Shoots )Production 11

16 10. Bamboo Products Nowadays, products producers, companies in Myanmar have produced and exported some marketable and value added products of bamboo. Bamboo mat-board Bamboo parquet Bamboo furniture Bamboo handicrafts Bamboo charcoal 12

17 11. Research and Development The Forest Research Institute was able to do some trails and produced the following papers. 1. Regional studies of bamboo propagation. 2. Testing the methods of Propagation of bamboos 3. Effects of tending operations on some plots of naturally regenerated bamboo 4. Vegetative propagation of bamboo as a raw material for paper mill 5. An investigation on morphology, anatomy and chemical properties of some Myanmar Bamboos Shoot-culm height growth of the most commercially important bamboo species of Myanmar 13

18 11. Bamboo Research and Development Hand book on Bamboo Forest Management (in English and in Myanmar). Guide line for establishment of bamboo plantation (in Myanmar) Bamboo shoot products in processing manual (in Myanmar) Bamboo charcoal and vinegar making technique and utilization Bamboo properties Handbook (in English) Salient characteristics of some commercial bamboo species of Myanmar Current status of Bamboo and Rattan Resources and their products market in Myanmar Rattan products designs Dissemination of bamboo documents to related agencies Trainings to rural people and bamboo products processing 14

19 Bamboo Utilization Towards the sustainable Development Goals Opportunities Interest in establishment of bamboo plantation by private sector, Establishment Bamboo Organizations (e.g. Myanmar Bamboo and rattan Association, Myanmar Bamboo Lover Network, Myanmar Bamboo Society) Abundant Bamboo Resources Pilot project for sustainable Use of Bamboo is conducting in priority bamboo forest (Tharyawady District of Bago Region) through by the Community Forests

20 Bamboo Utilization Towards the sustainable Development Goals Proper management of bamboo forest should be implemented.. Due to the scattered nature of the occurrence of bamboo in the natural forests, it is also not possible to extract t a specified species in large number and on a sustainable basis. Thus, if a specific species is needed in large number for commercial or industrial purposes, it is inevitable that plantation of that species should first be established. Proper planning on the availability of raw material is needed before investing on bamboo for commercial or industrial purposes on a large scale. Capacity building and awareness raising in bamboo forest management and sustainable utilization of bamboo resources Encouragement establishment of bamboo plantation 15

21 Bamboo Utilization Towards the sustainable Development Goals In order to penetrate the market, both local and international, it is very important to produce new design or design improvement with bamboo products, not only in appearance but also durability. In order to compete in the international market, advanced technology for bamboo products manufacturing is a prerequisite. A database and information center must be set up, collection of domestic and international information on manufacturing and trading of bamboo products, participation in international trade fairs, and also natural resource information should be carried out. A tripartite coordination among the product producers, exporters and responsible government departments need to play the key role in formulating the right marketing strategy for bamboo products for penetrating into the international market. In order to promote the marketable products, New products with new innovative design can lead to rapidly expansion in export. 16

22 13. Recommendation With the object of sustainable development of bamboo sector in Myanmar, the following recommendations are suggested. Human resources development and planning through, technical assistance and capacity building programs in collaboration with other international and national organizations that are advanced in bamboo industry. Encouraging g establishment of bamboo plantations not only by the state, but also by allowing and encouraging private companies and rural community to sustain the quality raw materials. To reach the export deal in large quantity, through more coordination among the government departments and institutions to simplify the export procedure this can facilitate a smooth and timely transaction. The traditional artistic skills and methods for making bamboo products are to be preserved, maintained and disseminated as far as possible. In addition, advanced technology in making more stylish products from foreign countries should be sought. In doing so, regular training institution should be set up with the cooperation and coordination of all stakeholders. 17

23 Thank you for your attention!