Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG) State Research Institute

Transcription

1 Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG) State Research Institute Agro-microbiology Herbology and Soil Tillage Agrometeorology and Inormatic Systems Cereal Production Forage Crop Production Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Systems and Economics of Production Biochemistry and crop Quality Soil Science and Land Protection 150 years of agricultural research in Pulawy

2 Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection Research areas Cartography and valorisation of agricultural areas, Soil protection - physical and chemical soil properties, Impact of anthropogenic factors on changes in agricultural space, monitoring Soil degradation and remediation, Spatial soil information and transformation into international formats Soil erosion mitigation measures and modelling Modelling of land use change and water balance Urban pressure on soil

3 7 th FP GREENLAND project (Sustainable management and gentle remediation of trace element contaminated land) ( ) 7 th FP CANTOGETHER: project (Crops and Animals Together) ( ) Central Europe Programme URBAN SMS project (Urban Soil Management Strategy) ( ) WP coordinator Cost Action Phytotechnologies to promote sustainable land use management and improve food safety ( ) Cost Action Mineral Improved Crop Production for Healthy Food and Feed Steering Committee member ( ) Monitoring of agricultural soil quality in Poland ( ) State Research Institute project Potential reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from agriculture through soil carbon sequestration ( ) OECD Fellowship in USDA Beltsville (2010) and Ohio State University (2011) ICOBTE (International Society of Trace Element Biogeochemistry) - member of the International Organizing Commitee Member of Common Forum on Contaminated Lands, country representative Expert of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development for EC Working Group on Soil Sealing

4 Soil databases Digital soil map 1:25000 Database of soil profiles

5 Soil map derivatives OM Soil ph N balance LFA compaction Watr erosion model USLE

6 Monitoring of soil quality programme for Inspectorate of Environmental Protection Województwo Liczba próbek dolnośląskie 20 kujawsko-pomorskie 13 lubelskie 20 lubuskie 11 łódzkie 16 małopolskie 17 mazowieckie 20 opolskie 6 podkarpackie 14 podlaskie 6 pomorskie 9 śląskie 18 świętokrzyskie 9 warmińsko-mazurskie 11 wielkopolskie 17 zachodniopomorskie 9

7 National programs - Spatial and temporal trends in soil organic matter Sampling points Water balance OM balance Average temperatures

8 URBAN-SMS Urban Soil Management Strategy Goals: Guide for Soil management GIS tools Brownfields as alternative Raising awarness Analysis of trends and ex-ante modeling Soil loss Modeling urban sprawl

9 Gentle remediation of trace element contaminated land Greenland (FP7-KBBE ) Grzegorz Siebielec

10 Phytostabilisation (aided) Still questions to answer: how permanent? are there universal treatments? comparisons under similar conditions new combinations to enhance stabilization full assessment of effects on range of properties and soil/land functions Phytoextraction How feasible, how to enhance?

11 Project Objectives Gentle remediation options (GRO) include various and in general plantbased approaches to remediate trace element contaminated soils at low cost and without significant negative effects for the environment. Although GRO comprise very innovative and efficient technologies, they are still not widely used as practical site solution due to several reasons of hindrance. Greenland will solve the remaining problems and make GRO ready for practical application. Contamination of soils with trace elements (TE) is worldwide still one of the major environmental problems. Conventional technologies for soil remediation are usually very expensive and may negatively affect or destroy soil structure and functions.

12 Project Objectives Gentle soil remediation options (GRO), however, comprise environmentally friendly technologies that have little or no negative impact on the soil. The main technologies are phytoextraction, in situ immobilization and assisted phytostabilization. Although major progress has been achieved on the lab scale, success stories obtained on the field are still limited, in particular for phytoextraction. Also, the issue of valorization of the potentially contaminated plant biomass has insufficiently been addressed so far. In addition, further development is needed regarding the adequate determination of endpoints of GRO.

13 Project Objectives Finally, the application of GRP as practical site solution may be hindered by legal frameworks and by insufficient knowledge of the decision makers. Therefore, the FP7-project GREENLAND has been launched on January to address these issues and to make GRO ready for use as practical site solution.

14 Work packages WP1: Sustainable management adapted to TE contaminated soils and deployment of GRO at field scale WP2: Valorisation of plant biomass produced on TE contaminated sites WP3: Harmonization of methods to assess the bioavailability of TE and development of a tool set to monitor the sustainability of GRO WP4: Improving GRO through plant selection and modifications in soil TE bioavailability WP5: Appraisal of current GRO practice, and development of implementation guidance and decision support frameworks

15 Project Consortium Markus Puschenreiter, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (Coordinator); Austria Jaco Vangronsveld, Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium; Jurate Kumpiene, Luleå tekniska universitet; Michel Mench, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France; Valerie Bert, Institut National de l Environnement industriel et des Risques, France; Andrew Cundy, University of Brighton, UK;

16 Project Consortium Petra Kidd, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain; Giancarlo Renella, University of Florence, Italy; Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl, Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria; Grzegorz Siebielec, Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia I Gleboznawstwa Paostwowy, Poland Rolf Herzig, Phytotech-Foundation, Switzerland; Ingo Müller, Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie, Germany;

17 Project Consortium Jannis Dimitriou, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Sweden; Xose Quiroga Troncosa, Tratamientos Ecológicos del Noroeste SL, Spain; Ryszard Bajorek, ATON, Poland; Patrick Lemaitre, Innoveox, France; Anne Lopinet-Serani, CNRS-ICMCB, France

18 Expected results and benefits The consortium consists of scientists and enginerers from universities, research institutions and small and medium enterprises. The stakeholder s perspective will be integrated via an Advisory Board, formed by National Environmental Agencies representatives, that will regularly meet the project consortium. The outcomes of this European project will be a major benefit for the European leadership in Environmental Sciences and Technologies, the European Bio-Economy, and the integration of EU Research and Education.

19 Expected results and benefits In addition to the soil remediation process: the recovery of polluted soils by using plants and associated microbes has the potential to significantly support the European demand for renewable biomass that can be used as plant-based feedstock (e.g. for bio-energy production and the replacement of fossil fuels), carbon sequestration and mitigation of climate change, clean water, increase in biodiversity, etc. and this will offer an attractive possibility to gain profit from contaminated land not suitable for agricultural production yet. Finally, the GREENLAND project will contribute to solve two major environmental concerns in one shot.with green shoots!

20 A EU network for what? - climatic conditions - soil types - contaminants - re-use for non-food crops - recycling of organic waste products Main objectives To obtain sustainable ecosystems, without or minimized pollutant linkages/risks, producing (non-food) crops for plant-based feedstock (local market), and promoting ecosystem services (positive Life cycle analysis ) 17 field trials Main outcome to promote Bio-Economy and gain environmental, health and societal benefits Ecosystem services Biomass production C sequestration minimal use or substitution of nonrenewable inputs Soil biodiversity, promote animal communities, Habitat, connexion Storing, filtering and transforming nutrients, substances and water

21 Gentle remediation options (GRO) for trace element-contaminated soils (TECS) implemented at field scale in the Greenland network Contaminants Countries Years Options Plants As Pb Cd Zn 1-16 In situ stabilisation/phytoexclusion Pb Cd Zn In situ stabilisation/phytoexclusion Cu 1-2 In situ stabilisation/phytoexclusion Cd Zn 1 Aided phytostabilisation Cu 1-6 Aided phytostabilisation Cd Zn 5 Phytoextraction As Pb Cd Zn 6-18 Phytoextraction Cd Zn 4-6 Phytoextraction Cu 2-5 Aided phytoextraction SRC: poplars willows Annual crops: rape tobacco Perennial grasses: miscanthus vetiver wheat sunflower Agrostis sp Descampsia cespitosa barley maize

22 In situ stabilisation phytoexclusion (few/no effects of plants on contaminant (bio)availability in the root zone; main drivers: soil conditioners and cultural practices) compost (OM) INRA AIT LfULG IUNG Biogeco Arnoldstein Freiberg Piekary Cu As, Pb, Cd, Zn As, Pb, Cd, Zn Pb, Cd, Zn 3 m² plots 2 km² (500 m²) 5 7 ha 10 ha Soil conditioners 1-6 yr 1 5 yr Linz-Donawitz slags 7ha 5 yr - grasses by-product limestone alkaline materials Gravel sludge Marl lime (ML) organic matter Municipal Fe/Mn oxides combined amendments Phosphates zerovalent Fe grit (Z) OMDL, OMZ Fe-bearing material (Siderite) Plants Grasses Maize, barley 5ha 1 yr MLP +R,B, W Superphosphates P 40 ; R, B, W Grasses, Rape, Barley, Wheat Biosolids (MB) MBBL Grasses Piekary Freiberg

23 Site 1 smelter slag 400m from gardens and houses; 2 slag types Doerchel more acidic, high salinity; both Zn 1-12%, Pb %, Cd up to 0.35%; revegetated ; 300t/ha biosolids + lime 30t/ha; grass mixture Doerschel field Welz field Control area 7th year

24 TESTING NOVEL AMENDMENTS AND COMBINATIONS Aim: Can efficacy of stabilization be enhanced by amendment combinations tailored to the site specificity?

25 GREENLAND approach for amendment testing Greenhouse testing Traditional amendments Modern amendments Novel combinations Plants contrasting soils in Poland and Spain Microbes Metal solubility Earthworms Colloid stability Field studies - new - long term

26 CaCO3 reagent grade AMENDMENTS Drinking water residue ph 7.8, OM 3%, Fe 1.8%, Mn 7.2%, Al 0.63%, Ca 1.6%, Ca-phosphate reagent grade CaHPO4 GWDA compost municipal green waste and sludge as feedstock ph 6.1, OM 27%, Fe 1.9%, Mn 0,03%, Al 1.3%, Ca 2.6%, Thomas basic slag (TBS)- steel manufacture by-product ph 11.9, Fe, Mn, Al, Ca, rich in P Linz-Donawitz slag (LD) steel industry by-product ph 13.2, Fe 22.9%, Mn 3%, Al 1.5%, Ca 7.4%, Gravel sludge (GS) ph 8.1, Fe 5.2%, Mn 0.1%, Al 2.4%, Ca 4.2%, Siderite (SID) iron carbonate ph 8.2, Fe 26%, Mn 1.2%, Al 0.29%, Ca 7.4%, Cyclonic ashes (CA) are a modified aluminosilicate, originating from the fluidized bed burning of coal refuse. The CA used in this experiment originate from a Spanish coal burning plant. ph 13.1, Fe 4.7%, Mn 0.03%, Al 8%, Ca 30%, Iron grit (IG) - Steel shots are an industrial material intended for shaping metal surfaces prior to coating. They consist mainly of iron (Fe 0 ) and contain native impurities such as Mn, Ni or Cr ph 8.5, Fe, Mn, Al, Ca,

27 Iron grit combinations Compost combinations

28 Cadmium content in lettuce grown on soil PL-A as effect of single or combinations of amendments (2 harvest)

29 Compost as single amendment vs. Combined with other materials (Soil PL-B)

30 Control DWR IG GWDA PO4 LD TBS GS/SID DWR/GWDA IG/GWDA IG/LD IG/LD/GWDA TBS/GWDA GWDA/PO4/DWR PO4/DWR GS/SID/GWDA IG/CA/GWDA CaCO3 CA Yield (g) Control CaCO3 IG LD IG/LD LD/OM IG/LD/OM Control CaCO3 TBS IG/TBS TBS/OM IG/TBS/OM Control CaCO3 DWR PO4 PO4/DWR PO4/DWR/OM Soil SP-C Impact on grass biomass st harvest 2nd harvest st harvest 2nd harvest st harvest 2nd harvest Soil PL-B harvest 2 harvest

31 Impact of single amendments and their combinations on Cd content in tall fescue grown on soil PL-B

32 Acknowledgements This project is financially supported by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme for Research (FP7- KBBE , GREENLAND). The project ends December 2014