Staying ahead in a fast changing world

Transcription

1 Staying ahead in a fast changing world Sensor Systems & Communication

2 Contents Your challenge is our passion 03 Staying ahead in a fast-changing world 04 Solutions across the oil & gas supply chain 06 Upstream gas treatment, desanding, dehydration Midstream 08 LNG Downstream 10 GTL Applications Level 12 Flow 14 Temperature, 16 Pressure 18 and Valve positioning 19 Analytics 20 Our process instrumentation 24 and analytics product range Industrial communication 28 Integrated solutions 30 Services and support 31 02

3 LNG Your challenge is our passion The energy world is undergoing profound change. Soaring oil & gas prices, exploding energy demand in the fast growth economies, political instabilities in key production regions, anxieties concerning security of supply. These are just some of the factors shaping the industry. These forces are intensifying the ambition of the industry to develop new oil & gas fields, modernize existing infrastructure and improve efficiency. And all of these factors have a demanding impact on what the industry requests from its suppliers. The investment and development challenge for oil & gas companies is immense. Both for new assets and existing plants, getting control and measurement right at the heart of oil & gas operations are key to unlocking value, enhancing reliability, and boosting profitability. Whether it is the technology to break through bottlenecks, improve quality or to provide early warning of failure, Siemens has the knowledge of industry processes, applications and adequate products to keep customers on the success curve. Siemens quality: High degree of product safety through maximum process transparency Optimal resource efficiency through innovative platform concepts Increased productivity with optimal solutions for the operating phase Greater availability through innovative service and support concepts High long-term investment security through continuous innovation and maximum compatibility Siemens results: Fast commissioning, short ramp-up times Low total cost-of-ownership UPSTREAM MIDSTREAM DOWNSTREAM LNG MIDSTREAM 03

4 Staying ahead Global trends in the demand and supply of energy and petrochemicals require the constant improvement of technologies and services. Companies are turning to new, more marginal sources as traditional supply sources become exhausted. This is taking exploration and production to ever-more remote locations with even harsher environmental conditions. New technologies need to be leveraged to keep pace and to maintain profitability. Teaming up with Siemens means that you are teaming up with one of the technology leaders in the sector, helping you keep track with the best technological solutions. Known to the world as a global powerhouse in electrical engineering and electronics, decades of strategic acquisition and successful integration have enabled Siemens to deliver unparalleled offerings for the oil & gas industry worldwide. Innovative design, excellence in engineering and maximum lifetime value are denominators common to all components, products, systems and services of the Siemens oil & gas portfolio. Connecting our competence and strengths, we can together achieve the winning performance to get ahead and stay there. Fast return on investment Reduced operating costs Increased productivity Unmatched reliability Reduced efforts Improved safety Lowered energy consumption without compromising quality 04

5 Level in a fast-changing world Flow Pressure Temperature Valve positioning Weighing Process protection Oil & gas are the heart of the world s energy supply. But resources are finite and the dynamics of the energy world are changing fast. Environmental concerns, changing supply patterns and geopolitical forces are shaping a new energy world. Companies need to plan for a market where biofuels and alternative energy sources are part of the energy mix alongside fossil fuels. The pressure to maximize energy efficiency is greater than ever before. One thing is sure: oil & gas companies need to maximize their assets and be certain that they are leveraging complete efficiency from their operations and infrastructure. Gas analytics Continuous Gas Analytics (CGA) Gas Chromatography (GC) Continuous Gas Analyzer (in-situ) Accurate and efficient measurement and separation is key to many processes in the oil & gas industry. Siemens is continually investing in new business opportunities with a strong program to research and develop innovative solutions for the complex measurement tasks in the changing environment of the oil & gas industries. Solutions for first stage separation, metering of various streams and most advanced level interface measurement at lower energy consumption are just some examples of our unmatched innovative measurement technologies. On the following pages, we highlight our range of solutions for different parts of the industry exploration, production and delivery chain. 05

6 Solutions across the oil & gas supply chain Upstream Level Siemens has a proven reputation for reliably delivering the advanced solutions that make today s oil & gas installations perform well. Our products and solutions are found along the entire value chain, from offshore or onshore production, in pipeline networks, as well as on LNG carriers down to refineries and petrochemical plants. They monitor gas or crude, control transportation networks, allow for the safe operation of LNG processes and help optimize the efficiency of a refinery. Flow Pressure Temperature Remote operations, adverse environmental conditions, extreme climates, limited space. These are but a few of the demanding challenges that typify oil & gas exploration and production (E&P) around the globe. They demand product requirements that include extreme ruggedness, maximum availability and compact, modular designs all key features of Siemens upstream solutions. Our experience spans from the application of robust level measurement devices such as on mechanical separation drums separating solid from crude extending to the control of complex gas treatment processes using various technologies suited for measuring an array of different appropriate parameters. Siemens in action: desanding, dehydration and gas treatment Desanding. Oil from a well contains solid materials in the form of sand. These solids need to be removed before further processing of the oil. Typically a slurry tank is used. In case the sand level in the slurry tank exceeds a predefined level, the sand is discharged. Upper and lower sand levels are controlled by Siemens capacitive digital level switches. Dehydration. The glycol dehydration processes remove water vapor from natural gas. Removing water vapor prevents hydrate formation and corrosion. Wet gas enters a dehydration tower at the bottom. Dry glycol flows down the tower from the top. The glycol absorbs water from the gas. The water-rich glycol progresses to a regeneration system where it is heated to +200 C. Water escapes as steam and the purified glycol returns to the tower where it contacts wet gas again. Siemens level and temperature controls play a vital role in the continuous operation of the dehydration and regeneration system. Gas treatment. The gas treatment process shown here has a gas and a liquid train. The gas train consists of the process steps of liquids separation, gas dehydration, NGL (Natural Gas Liquid) recovery and re-heating of the outlet ( sales ) gas. The liquid trains comprise the following operations: liquid dehydration, de-ethanization and associated off-gas compression. Valve positioning Weighing Process protection Gas analytics Continuous Gas Analytics (CGA) Gas Chromatography (GC) In-situ 06

7 Gas treatment process DESANDER DETAIL From well To Separator Raw Gas in Desander Dehydration Recompressor KO Drum Sand Turbo- Expander Recompressor Sand Discharge Gas Liquid Separator Gas/Gas Heat Exchanger DEHYDRATION DETAIL HM Gas Reheater Dry Natural Gas Feed Gas heater HM Cold Separator Inlet Scrubber Dehydration Gas out to distribution Gas to be treated Water/Glycol + Condensate De-Ethanizer Column Off Gas Scrubber Off Gas Compressor Vapour Condensate Gas Liquid Separator Gas out De-Ethanizer Reheater NGL Cooler NGL Pump NGL out Stripping Gas HM Gas Condensate Heating Medium NGL 07

8 Midstream Level LNG CASCADE PROCESS Major new infrastructure. Miles of pipelines. Vast tank farms. Gas caverns. Transporting crude oil & natural gas Flow From gas field Inlet Meter NG pretreatment for further processing has always been a huge undertaking but is now undergoing massive development in Pressure response to the changing upstream E&P environment. As well as pipeline and storage infrastructure, more and Inlet Scrubber more investment is being put into marine transportation Temperature and seaport facilities, such as very large crude carriers Amine Treater (VLCCs), oil tankers, shuttle tankers, LNG tankers, LPG tankers and re-gasification vessels. Valve positioning NGL removal Siemens in action: LNG cascade process Liquefied natural gas (LNG) represents one of the fastest growing sectors of the energy market. It is expected to almost double in size between 2005 and 2010, delivering around 40 % of global gas supply growth in just five years*. Rising oil & gas prices have made LNG a cost-effective way to monetize gas assets that would otherwise remain unexploited. Weighing Process protection Scrubber Air Fin Heat Exchanger Dehydrator Siemens is involved right along the LNG chain. The diagram shows an LNG plant at the export point of the chain. Efficient and continuous operation of an LNG plant needs reliable instrumentation covering a range of vital flow, temperature, pressure and other measurements, as provided by the SITRANS family from Siemens. Gas analytics Continuous Gas Analytics (CGA) Gas Turbine Methane Compressor Gas Turbine *Source: International Energy Agency, Natural Gas Review 2006 Gas Chromatography (GC) Heat Exchangers, Flash Tanks and Pressure Letdown Valves LNG Liquefaction, liquid Heat Exchangers In-situ Tank Vapor Blower LNG storage Transfer Pump Storage Tanks and Loading Pumps 08

9 Midstream process REGASIFICATION & CUSTOM LNG tanker LNG LNG Unloading Arms and Lines Vapor Return Arm and Line Jetty-Out Drum Flare Stack Propane Chiller Desuperheater Knock-Out Drum Dry Gas Filter Carbon Filter Import terminal LNG HP Pumps Low Stage Boil-Off Gas Compressors Air Fin Heat Exchanger Ethylene Compressor Gas Turbine Propane Compressor Air Fin Heat Exchanger LNG Storage Tank 1 LNG Storage Tank 2 Condenser Propane Surge LNG storage LNG HP Pumps High Stage Liquefaction, gaseous Heat Exchangers Vaporizer Seawater Intake Ethylene Surge Ship Vapor Blower Vapors from Ship when Loading LNG regasification LNG regasification Fuel Gas Preparation Metering Station Export terminal To Ship Loading Facilities LNG Fuel Gas Truck Loading Odorant Facility To Gas Pipeline 09

10 Solutions across the oil & gas sector Downstream Level Economies of scale. Productivity gains. Production integrity. The triple ambition to deliver scale, efficiency and safety is of paramount importance. Whether it is crude processing, refining operations, gas to liquids (GTL) or petrochemicals, the sheer scale and variety of applied technologies needed in the downstream sectors present companies with major challenges and opportunities. Flow Pressure Temperature Siemens in action: GTL process Gas to liquids (GTL) offer a potentially high-value route to bring gas to market. GTL converts natural gas into liquid fuels such as naphtha, kerosene and diesel that is virtually free of sulfur and aromatics. The lower environmental impact, both in production and end use, makes GTL products and investment attractive. The GTL process chain consists of a number of fundamental processing steps to achieve the final goal of producing high-quality synthetic liquid hydrocarbons. Air separation Syn gas Gas treatment Reformer Fischer-Tropsch Hydrocarbon/Water separator Hydrocracker The Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction is at the heart of the process chain. The various process steps require a constant monitoring and control that Siemens can deliver. Process analyzers play a vital role. Hundreds of process analyzers, most of them process gas chromatographs, are in use in a typical GTL plant. Valve positioning Weighing Process protection Gas analytics Continuous Gas Analytics (CGA) Gas Chromatography (GC) In-situ 10

11 GTL process Natural Gas Flue gas NG Saturation NG Hydrogeneration Fuel gas NG Reforming Syngas conditioning Heat exchange NG Desulphurization Dehydration Mercaptan removal Slurry incineration NGL extraction/lpg Propane, Butane Catalyst filled tubes NG pre-treatment Fired heater Syngas Stream Natural gas only analytical measuring points Flue gas Recycle Off Gas Product 5 FT Tail Gas Product 4 Hydrogeneration Syngas FT Reactor FT Liquids Product 3 Product 2 Product 1 FT Water Wax Hydrocracking Fractionation only analytical measuring points Recycle 11

12 Level applications Siemens developed the signal processing technology for level instruments based on its experience of over a million instruments in industrial applications. This makes our instruments exceptionally intelligent and reliable. Each technology line sets the standard for processing raw data into accurate and reliable level readings. They are characterized by their innovative and advanced approach. You can rely on our instruments for high performance; they provide cost-effective measurement of continuous level, point level and interface in a wide range of applications in the petrochemical and oil & gas industries. That s why customers choose Siemens level instruments in industrial process applications worldwide. The Siemens product portfolio offers a number of level technologies. Factors such as required accuracy, process conditions and geometry of the tank determine the best technology and instrument choice for an application. The following pages show examples of level applications in the oil & gas industry. High-pressure coalescers Every offshore platform has a gas separator and high-pressure coalescer. In the process vessels, pressure can reach 200 to 250 bar (2900 to 3625 psi)and temperatures may be as high as +60 to +70 C (+140 to +158 F). Raw gas enters the gas separator, which operates like a hydro-cyclone to spin out natural gas from the mixture of water and condensate (low fraction oil). The remaining mixture runs through the coalescer, which separates the water from the condensate. The water is drained away for treatment and disposal, while the condensate is distributed to the glycol regenerator. In the coalescer, accurate interface measurement of the water and condensate is essential. The SITRANS LC 500 provides the ideal solution. Oil and water interface measurement in a desalter Again, SITRANS LC 500 measures the interface between oil and water. Its active-shield technology, which buffers interference from the high voltage electrical grid, is in the upper section on the vessel. SITRANS LC 500 capacitive level measurement Inverse frequency technology and a patented active shield technology is used to measure the interface between oil & water or condensate and glycol The active-shield helps prevent interference from the high voltage in the vessel Designed for extreme conditions characteristic of highpressure coalescers, fractional distillation columns, catalytic crackers, glycol regenerators, heater treaters, gas and oil tankers, FPSO ships and LNG processing plants Unlike TDR-based transmitters, the SITRANS LC 500 is not affected by the dielectric of the top layer, reliably detecting the level interface. 12

13 Level LNG and LPG coalescers The gas is liquefied in coalescers by conditions of high pressure and extreme low temperatures. SITRANS LC 500 or SITRANS LG 200 measures the interface between water and LPG or LNG. It tells the control system to open a valve and drain water as needed. The point level switch Pointek CLS 500 provides high-level detection of the liquefied gas. There are two instruments in each vessel, one for measurement and a redundant unit connected to the back-up safety system. Produced water The production process extracts natural gas or oil from deep beneath the earth s surface, removes the produced water and other liquids through separation phases, and transfers the gas into the pipeline. Produced water, containing various waste hydrocarbons, is collected in tanks and transferred by trucks or pipelines to a disposal site where it is re-injected into the ground. Reliable continuous level measurement of the tanks with SITRANS Probe LR, LR 200 or LR 250 dramatically reduces the risk of an over-flow without having to shut down production. Choose the SITRANS LC 500 capacitance transmitter in applications with high pressures. RTU (SCADA) transmits equipment status, flow rates, flow totals, and water to the central office for truck dispatching. Storage tanks and tank management From upstream to downstream you see a great variety of storage tanks. Upstream you find tanks with crude, with oil separated from the crude in a treater, and waste salt water. Down stream you find tanks for storing crude, distillates using floating roofs at refineries, and getting closer to end users at distribution centers, you see the use of tanks in smaller sizes. In all cases, level measurement and detection are crucial in effective stock management and environmental risk reduction. Safe measurement in the highly toxic alkylation environment Alkylation combines low-molecular weight olefins (primarily a mixture of propylene and butylene) with isobutene in the presence of a catalyst, either sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid. The resulting product, alkylate, has highly aggressive and abrasive toxic characteristics. Care needs to be taken when it comes to the choice of chemical-compatible wetted parts of any device used in this environment. SITRANS LR level transmitters are available with versions equipped with wetted parts able to withstand aggressive chemical attack. SITRANS LR 300 radar level measurement Available with versions equipped with the most advanced exotic wetted parts, able to withstand aggressive chemical attack Includes field-proven monel-cladded antenna configurations for level radar transmitters The result is an unparalleled solution to control the integrity and safety of the alkylation process Non-contact level measurement in drill mud pits Continuous level measurement with ultrasonic or radar technology provides precise monitoring of this critical drilling variable, enhancing both safety and drilling efficiency. Use ultrasonic technology for ranges of up to 10 meters; SITRANS Probe LU for one point, SITRANS LU and Echomax transducers for multiple points. For ranges longer than 10 meters, radar is the best option with the SITRANS Probe LR. Pointek CLS 200 level switches are typically used for a high-level alarm. SITRANS Probe LU ultrasonic level measurement Provides precise monitoring of this critical drilling variable, enhancing both safety and drilling efficiency Provides a durable alternative to mechanical devices that are subject to wear and tear. Indeed, it greatly reduces maintenance and replacement costs asso- ciated with the traditional mechanical level products Because the SITRANS Probe LU works with any size of vessel, it is easy to order and reduces stocking requirements. 13

14 Flow applications The complete flow meter program from Siemens includes Coriolis, electromagnetic, differential pressure-based, positive displacement and inline, as well as clamp-on ultrasonic flow meters for a variety of pipe sizes from very large to very small pipe diameters. This versatility provides the user with the assurance of reliability, because Siemens has the right measurement method for liquid, steam or gas flow measurement. Special solutions for example in deep sea areas, offshore platforms, pipelines, storage facilities and in custody transfer applications can be offered as well as a number of more standardized applications. Water injection Water is injected back into an oil reservoir to stimulate oil production and to increase the recovery factor. The right volume of water is important in order to optimize recovery. High-pressure electromagnetic flow meters provide the perfect fit because of their high level of accuracy and reliability. Wastewater monitoring Tighter environmental regulations in many parts of the world mean that produced water discharges can no longer simply be regarded as a waste stream. These water streams may be more or less oily and both quality and quantity need to be monitored. Again, electromagnetic flow meters are ideal. SITRANS F M electromagnetic flow meters Form the backbone of an auditable and traceable reporting system of total oil tonnage discharge and water injection with an accuracy of +/ 0.25 % of the volume flow Have long been acknowledged as an industry standard measurement device for quantity where high levels of accuracy and functionality are required Pipeline transportation and ship offloading Transportation and batching of multiple crude oil & finished products are well proven applications for our clamp-on flow meters. Tank Stripping can cause non-operation for most meters due to the harsh nature of a heavy water/oil mixture. Siemens flow meters offer many solutions for even the toughest applications. Underground gas storage and well testing Bi-directionality is a challenge for underground gas storage applications. Gas is compressed to a level of 2000 to 3000 psi and injected into salt caverns during low-use periods, typically summer, and is extracted from the caverns at 600 to 900 psi to be pipelined to the users in high usage periods, typically winter. Pipeline batch detection Many pipelines are used in batch operations; they don t only transport one single medium. They are used in batch operations for different refined products such as diesel, kerosine, super and regular fuels or crude sequentially. At the end 14

15 Flow of the pipe, the different batches need to be separated by switching a valve to the respective storage vessels. Batchtracking is performed by clamp-on ultrasonic flow sensors. Leak detection for pipelines Oil producers and transporters are under intense pressure to reduce or eliminate the amount of petroleum products lost from pipeline thievery and leaks, the latter caused accidentally or otherwise. To detect such leakages, clamp-on ultrasonic flow meters are installed on the pipeline. These devices are extremely sensitive at and around zero flow and provide flow data during both flow and no-flow conditions. They permit the system to detect and integrate very small leaks and extractions. Sitrans FUS clamp-on flow meters for gas Can be installed in quickly without the need to shut down or purge the pipeline Provide a high level of accuracy and bi-directional service, which make the meters an ideal solution for many gas applications, including underground storage and well testing. Have a very wide turndown ratio providing suberb flexibility in flow ranges and pipe sizes Provide batch (interface) detection of different products in pipelines Detect leaks Precise flow measurement on chemical injection skids Flow measurement controls dosing of the chemicals on injection skids. Scale inhibitor, for example, is a material used as protection against sediment in the drilling pipes at drilling and production installations. An extremely small dos- age as low as 700 g/h is required (corresponding to a speed of 2 mm/s in the pipe). At the same time, the operation is made at a pressure of up to 440 bar (6381 psi). These measurements can only be obtained by using Coriolis flow meters. Test separation Test separations are for determining the oil, water and gas rates in order to diagnose potential well problems, evaluate the production performance of individual wells and properly manage the oil reserves. The water that comes from the test separator has to be measured accurately to ensure excellent oil production operation and performance. Again, Coriolis flow meters play a vital role. SITRANS F C Coriolis flow meters Enable very small and precise measurements to be obtained because of a pipe diameter down to only 1.5 mm Ensure multi-parameter measurement including mass flow rate, volumetric flow rate, density, fraction flow and temperature Have no moving parts which means that operation is maintenance-free Slim line skid provides big savings The innovative ultrasonic flow metering skids installed on offshore platforms or FPSOs are at least an order of magnitude smaller than traditional PD or turbine systems, both in volume and wetted mass. These reductions result in significant operational and capital savings for offshore platforms and tankers. Both in construction, in terms of pipe length, diameter and quantity of instrumentation, and over a lifetime, ultrasonic flow metering skids give increased throughput for reduced capital outlay. Ultrasonic fiscal metering skids are suitable for use in oil terminals, refineries and pipeline systems in general. SITRANS F US inline flow meters Used in a skid to ensure that capital costs are only 30 to 40 % of PD and in turbine skids respectively Can handle even the heaviest viscous liquids Are characterized by the absence of moving parts and a good noise-signal ratio making it the ultimate alternative for positive displacement flow meters 15

16 Temperature applications Distilling is a method of separation of substances based on differences in their volatilities. The liquid solution evaporates, such that the vapor has a composition determined by the properties of the solution. With the process feed having a diverse composition, liquid outlets interspaced throughout the distillation column allow for withdrawal of different fractions or products having different boiling ranges. Temperature measurements naturally form the heart of distillation control processes and are widely applied in the oil & gas industry. We meet your extensive requirements with the SITRANS T family, our temperature product portfolio. SITRANS T product family The SITRANS T product family offers a complete spectrum of temperature sensors and transmitters. Select the product suitable to your application, from simple standard applications to intelligent devices. SITRANS TH100, TH200, TH300 and TH400 connection head mounted transmitters Rigidly designed offering economic plant operation and reliable measurements with a wide range of usability. Economic solution The SITRANS TH100 is rigidly designed for economic use, such as applied in the saving of galvanic insulation, which is not needed for PT100. Therefore it offers economic plant operation and reliable measurements. It is an ideal substitute for over-aged analogue PT100 transmitters. Setup is quick and easy with the transmitter-modem and SIPROM T. SITRANS TH100 temperature measurement Measures temperature with a linear output signal High accuracy across entire ambient temperature range Reduces electromagnetic influence (EMI) Alarm signal for sensor break or short circuit in accordance with NAMUR 43 Explosion-protected executions for US, Canada and Europe Slim design, ideal for upgrade of installed PT100 probes with a ma signal Rugged design, fully potted electronics 16

17 Temperature The universal transmitter With universal input. Unique user-friendly details are implemented: Without opening the ma loop, the output current can be read directly with a multimeter. SITRANS TH200 temperature measurement Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) according to DIN EN and NE21 Saves expensive compensation cables with the internal reference junction Galvanic insulation for accuracy and safety in thermocouple applications Single or dual-point trim Custom characteristic curve for application of non-standard sensors Difference and average measurements Explosion-protected executions for US, Canada and Europe Rugged design, fully potted electronics The HART universal The transmitter with standardized HART interface. Supports all common sensors for temperature, voltage and resistance. Unique user-friendly details are implemented: Without opening the ma loop, the output current can be read out directly with a multimeter. A red/green LED shows the technician the status at a glance. Fieldbus enabled Transmitter with universal input and Fieldbus communication. Is available either with PROFIBUS PA or FOUNDATION Fieldbus (FF). The SITRANS TH400 is designed to support all common RTD, thermocouple, resistance and millivolt sensors. Due to its small size, the device allows flexible mounting options, even in a DIN Type B connection head. SITRANS TH400 with PROFIBUS PA or FOUNDATION Fieldbus temperature measurement Simulation mode Measuring value of second sensor for redundancy Linearization of the sensor values High accuracy across entire ambient temperature range Alarm signal for sensor break or short-circuit Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) according to DIN EN and NE21 Saves expensive compensation cables with internal reference junction Galvanic insulation for accuracy and safety in thermocouple applications Single or dual-point trim Custom characteristic curve for application of nonstandard sensors Difference and average measurements Extensive diagnostics Explosion-protection for US, Canada and Europe Rugged design, fully potted electronics SITRANS TH300 with HART protocol temperature measurement Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) according to DIN EN and NE21 Galvanic insulation for accuracy and safety in thermocouple applications Single or dual-point trim Custom characteristic curve for application of nonstandard sensors Difference and average measurements Extensive diagnosis: such as given with drag indicator and time meter Set of output current for simulation Explosion-protected executions for US, Canada and Europe For rough environments SITRANS TF is used where other transmitters can t cope. The field transmitter is made of rugged die-cast aluminum or stainless steel. It transforms signals from resistance thermometers, resistance transmitters, thermocouples and voltage transmitters into a standardized temperature linear output signal. If the transmitter is mounted remotely from the sensor, it remains free of the hot and vibrating environment. The display is accessible in nearly every location where visual support is required. SITRANS TF IP68 for rough conditions Supports outputs like HART, configurable ma or as universal field indicator for every ma signal Can be mounted directly on American-design sensors Wide range of approvals for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. Intrinsically safe, non-sparking and flameproof type of protection for Europe and the USA. 17

18 Pressure Pressure applications Pipeline integrity is critical throughout the oil & gas supply chain. Build-up of wax, scale and fluid reduce flow efficiency in the pipeline. Internal inspection and cleaning is necessary but can disrupt operations. Alternatives to internal inspection are preferable both to reduce cost and minimize risk. Pressure head loss is a key parameter for pipeline management and control. Unexpected pressure increase may arise because of pipeline blockage or a pressure decrease may occur because of losses via pipeline damage. Pressure transmitters are critical instruments that monitor the mainline block valves and provide important information about pipeline transportation performance. On a mobile gas production facility, controlling and observing the gas pressure is of vital importance. On these modular gas production units, SITRANS P DSIII pressure transmitters are ideal. Reliability, accuracy and SIL classification ensure the highest level of safety in gas production process control. SIPART PS2 positioners offer sophisticated valve diagnostics that can help deliver advanced maintenance regimes. More reliability A precision digital transmitter for pressure, absolute pressure, differential pressure, flow and level with extensive diagnostics and simulation functions. It is ideal for harsh petrochemical environmental conditions and for challenging applications such as concentrate hydrogen measurement with gold membrane. The unit delivers excellent, TÜV-approved reliability through its evaluation abilities. SITRANS P Series DS III pressure measurement Extensive diagnostics and simulation functions Accuracy % Long-term stability <= 0.25 % / 60 months Wetted parts in stainless steel , hastelloy, monel, tantal, gold Measuring range 1 mbar to 400 bar ( to 5801 psi) Wide range of certification and approval, for example, ATEX EEx ia, EEx ib, dust protection, FM, CS Settings can be made on-site with an LCD display through the HART protocol or PROFIBUS PA, Profile 3.0 or Fieldbus Foundation 18

19 Valve positioning Valve positioner applications Intelligent positioner The most frequently used intelligent positioner for linear and rotary valves, double and single-acting actuators. It is the absolute number one amongst electro-pneumatic position controllers. SIPART PS2 valve positioner Simple installation and automatic commissioning (self-adjustment of zero and span) Simple operation with local operation and configuration of the device using three input keys and a user-friendly two-line LCD, settings can also be made via HART protocol or Profibus PA Profile 3.1 or Fieldbus Foundation Very high-quality control thanks to an online adaptation procedure Negligible air consumption in stationary operation Tight shut-off function (ensures maximum positioning pressure on the valve seat) Extensive diagnosis functions for valve and actuator Only one device version for linear and part-turn actuators Few moving parts, hence insensitive to vibrations External non-contacting position sensor as option for extreme ambient conditions In the hydrocarbon processing industry, control valve performance exerts a key influence on efficiency and reliability. Sustaining good valve performance can be achieved through predictive maintenance. Indeed, increasingly, the hydrocarbon processing industry is moving from preventive to predictive and even to proactive maintenance. SIPART PS2 positioners offer sophisticated valve diagnostics that can help deliver advanced maintenance regimes. 19

20 Analytics applications The measurement and analysis of compounds in oil & gas is vital for product quality, safety and environmental protection reasons. Companies need to be sure that, as far as possible, analysis can be performed accurately, rapidly and continuously to maximize both productivity and safety. Upstream applications Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels are used by the offshore oil & gas industry, designed to take all of the oil or gas produced from a nearby platform, process it, and store it until the oil or gas can be offloaded onto waiting tankers. FPSOs are particularly effective in remote or deepwater locations where seabed pipelines are not cost-effective. Gas chromatographs are the state-of-the-art technology to determine the constituents of the gas and its physical properties, qualitatively and quantitatively. Here, a major parameter is the chromatographic determination of the calorific value (CV), which is particularly mandatory for custody transfer. MicroSAM process gas chromatograph An intelligent and compact process gas chromatograph from Siemens based on microchip technology, allowing unique multiple and in-line detection capabilities. Extremely high measurement certainty and reliability. For FPSO applications, aspects such as remote maintenance, remote control and robustness are very important. Special features include: Robust design (IP65, NEMA4X, EEx d) meeting offshore requirements. Reliable technology through many years of experience. Analyzer installation near sampling point provides faster analysis for improved process control Exchange of standard parts instead of repair saves money on stock-keeping and service Remote maintenance (check-up of settings) no need for checking analyzer settings on-site saves maintenance Extreme low consumption of utilities, saves on power and instrument air 20

21 Analytics CGA GC In-situ Midstream applications As well as playing a key part in the LNG supply chain, calorific value (CV/BTU) analysis is also of vital importance in the natural gas pipeline network, especially at transfer or metering stations. Companies need to calculate and continuously monitor the total energy flow (product out of gas flow and caloric value). Additionally, single compounds need to be monitored as well as the gas quality as a whole. Compact process gas chromatographs such as the SITRANS CV are particularly suitable for the variety of situations where online calorific value measurement in natural gas is needed. Miniaturization of the devices opens up new possibilities for low-cost field installation. The uniform analytical concept, based on micro-machined systems, offers a high separating performance for all components within a short analysis time. SITRANS CV natural gas chromatograph Accuracy, repeatability and reliability Multiple and in-line detection Precision (CV: accuracy < 0.1 %, repeatability < 0.01 %) through valveless live injection. Fast analysis (3 min. for C1 to C6 + with N 2 and CO 2 ) through pioneering MEMS technology High separating performance through narrow-bore capillary columns Low detection limits (e.g. 5 ppm for neopentane) through powerful detectors High linearity throughout measuring range saves expensive calibration gases An integrated auto optimization function provides long lifetime stability Downstream applications The monitoring and analysis of compounds in process streams is integral to oil & gas production. There are a huge number of applications where process analyzers using various different technologies are used in downstream processes. In refinery crude oil cracking plants, for example, process gas chromatographs and continuous gas analyzers deliver important data from the process. By continuously monitoring the process stream composition, they optimize and control plant operation for best efficiency and product quality. They are also vital for the safety of personnel and equipment and for compliance with environmental regulations regarding emission of pollutants (flue gases) from the plant. 21

22 Analytics applications Siemens process gas chromatograph MAXUM Edition II Process gas chromatography has been used for decades in the oil & gas industry. As a typical example, manifold measuring tasks for process gas chromatographs are available along the process path of FCC plants, such as boiling point analysis for gasoline purity (simulated distillation), analysis at main fractionator overheads or at various adsorbers. Typically, a process gas chromatograph will be running for multiple component analyses of various hydrocarbons (from low boiling up to high boiling fractions) but also inert gases such as hydrogen. MAXUM Edition II represents the top technology in process gas chromatography. Unparalleled features deliver high versatility and the best possible analytical results at the lowest cost: MAXUM Edition II process gas chromatograph Reliable technology through many years of experience Parallel chromatography for faster analysis, simple configuration and analyzing two or more streams in parallel or simultaneously. Airless oven for lower consumption of instrument air and power Multiple detector technology including sensitive detectors, such as HID, ECD, PID for demanding applications; three detector types in one MAXUM possible; multichannel TCD with two, four or eight channels Valveless column switching with no moving parts wetted by sample; no maintenance required at all during entire lifetime Standard package with EPCs and Ethernet by default (no extra charge) Densification capabilities (combining two or three gas chromatographies in one MAXUM) to reduce investment costs Extractive continuous gas analysers (ECGA) Whether for emission monitoring or plant safety purposes, accuracy in gas analysis is vital. Improved accuracy leads to greater safety and productivity such as in flue gas measurement downstream of a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) 22

23 Analytics CGA GC In-situ plant. Here, analysis of oxygen, CO or CO 2 is mandatory in the monitoring of the carbon balance and for the efficiency of the regeneration of catalysts. With its ultra-fast response, the OXYMAT 6 for oxygen and the ULTRAMAT 6 for CO/CO 2 measurement are perfect for process efficiency control. OXYMAT 6 / 61 / 64 continuous gas analyzer (CGA) The OXYMAT 6 provides paramagnetic oxygen measuring with maximum accuracy The corrosion-proof design allows analysis in the presence of highly corrosive gases The absence of moving components affords maximum cost efficiency by minimizing maintenance requirements and maximizing device service life Optional: The OXYMAT 61 is a low-cost oxygen analyzer for standard applications The OXYMAT 64 is a gas analyzer based on ZrO 2 technology to measure the smallest oxygen concentrations in pure gas applications ULTRAMAT 6 and ULTRAMAT 23 (CGA) Enable highly selective concentration determinations for NDIR-active gases and gas compounds, such as CO or CO 2 for up to four infrared sensitive components in a single unit ULTRAMAT solves several measuring tasks with one device at a favorable cost. This is especially important for many production processes involving inorganic and organic chemistry Optional: ULTRAMAT 23 is a cost-effective multi-component analyzer for the measurement of up to three infrared sensitive gases (NDIR principle) plus oxygen (electrochemical cell) FIDAMAT 6 (CGA) Offers total hydrocarbon analysis with an FID (flame ionization detector) Almost all applications can be carried out from hydrocarbon trace analysis in pure gases to hydrocarbon sum measuring in corrosive gases Enables hydrogen or inert gas concentration measurement in binary compounds on the basis of specific thermal conductivity, even in potentially explosive areas CALOMAT 6 / 62 (CGA) A thermal conductivity (TCD) based gas analyzer to measure the concentration of certain process gases, notably hydrogen Offers high measuring range dynamics and short response times The Calomat 62 is especially designed for use in applications with corrosive gases such as chlorine Continuous gas analyzers (CGA) in-situ Fast, in-situ, contact-free gas analyzers in the process control loop are helping the oil & gas industry to continually improve manufacturing processes and process safety. In-situ measurement technologies guarantee representative on-line analysis without any side effects or interferences. This leads to high accurate and reliable applications even in challenging measuring environments such as with ammonia (NH 3 ) or moisture. A typical example is the continuous determination of NH 3 in the exhaust gas downstream of the FCC denitrification plant. Here, NH 3 slip monitoring is required to reduce NOx emissions to very low limits in the 1 ppm range before it is released into the atmosphere: LDS6 laser diode spectrometer Measurement (through the sensor) occurs directly in the process stream no extractive sample line is required Measurements are carried out in real-time. This short response time enables pro-active control of the FCC denitrification process and fast cost-saving corrections for optimal plant efficiency Up to three DeNOx columns can be monitored in parallel using only one central unit 23

24 Our process instrumentation and analytics product range Level and level interface products Unlike traditional capacitance instruments, SITRANS LC level transmitters and Pointek CLS level switches measure frequency change. This provides better resolution in short spans or in low dielectric materials. Patented active-shield technology ensures the measurement is unaffected by material build-up, vapor or condensation, and provides better resolution in measuring hydrocarbons. Product range: SITRANS LC500, Pointek CLS 200/300/500 Level radar technology Radar technology offers important advantages for level measurement. Non-contacting technology is low maintenance, making radar a cost-effective choice. Because microwaves require no carrier medium, they are unaffected by the process atmosphere (vapor, pressure, dust or temperature extremes). Siemens offers you a choice of models to meet the specific needs of your application. SITRANS LR level transmitters offer the unique advantage of Process Intelligence, our advanced echo processing technology. Process Intelligence makes our radar instruments faster to install, program and operate. The signal processing provides exceptional accuracy and the ability to automatically ignore obstructions. Product range: SITRANS LR 200/250/300/400 Ultrasonic level measurement Sonic Intelligence is our patented echo processing technology used on all of our ultrasonic level instruments. In-depth application knowledge and field experience is built into the software s advanced algorithms to provide intelligent processing of echo profiles. The result is repeatable, fast and reliable measurement you can trust. Product range: SITRANS Probe LU Electromechanical switches Our robust electromechanical switches are built for harsh and abrasive environments. They detect the high or low level of low-density powders and granular solids with low bulk densities such as plastic pellets. Standard aluminum enclosure and stainless steel process connections provide high resistance to mechanical forces, long service life, and low cost of ownership. Product range: SITRANS LPS200, SITRANS LVS200 Flowmeter products Electromagnetic flow meters SITRANS FM electromagnetic flow meters are suitable for measuring the flow of almost all electrically conducting liquids, pastes and slurries. The only prerequisite is that the medium has a minimum conductivity of 5 µs/cm. In addition, electromagnetic meters are unaffected by media temperature, pressure, density and viscosity. The advantages of the electromagnetic flow meters include a wide product program that can be put together in a variety of combinations to provide ideal adaptation for each measuring task. There is the option for compact or remote installation using the same transmitter and sensor and the use of a USM II communication platform for easy integration with all systems. All electromagnetic flow meters feature a unique SENSORPROM memory unit which stores sensor calibration data and transmitter settings for the lifetime of the product. At commissioning, the flow meter commences measurement without any initial programming. Ultrasonic flow meters SITRANS F US ultrasonic flow meters encompass two technology types inline flow meters and clamp-on flow meters. The wide range of possibilities and benefits of this selection offers the end user maximum flexibility to choose the technology that best fits his needs. 24

25 SITRANS F US inline ultrasonic flow meters provide highly accurate measurement of electrically conductive and nonconductive liquids while minimizing installation time and maintenance expenses. In addition, the measurement results are independent of conductivity, viscosity, temperature, density and pressure. The flow meters deliver great accuracy, simple operation as well as rugged reliability for a wide range of process conditions. SITRANS F US clamp-on ultrasonic flow meters measure the flow of electrically conductive and nonconductive liquids as well as gas. The flow meters offer easy installation, no pressure drop or energy loss, a wide turndown ratio, no need to cut the pipe or stop the flow, and minimal maintenance owing to external transducers that do not require periodic cleaning. The SITRANS FUS060, for example, features a range of advanced technologies to optimize efficiency and accuracy and is ideal where the requirements of the OIML R117 custody transfer standards have to be met. It comes with two tracks as standard or an optional four tracks for better performance and higher accuracy. It has extended diagnostic capabilities, ATEX certification and bus communication. Coriolis flow meters SITRANS FC coriolis mass flow meters are suitable for measuring liquids and gases. The measurement is independent of changes in process conditions. This versatility means the meter is easy to install and is recognized for its high accuracy in a wide turndown range. Mass flow meters provide the most accurate flow measurement today with the highest level of accuracy and repeatability of only 0.1 % of the flow and a 100:1 range. Flow meters based on this technology can measure density, volume flow, percent fraction and temperature. The advantages include a high degree of safety and reliability, a low pressure drop, no regular maintenance needed making the flow meters user-friendly, a single tube design made of corrosion resistant materials with only two welding points and self-draining capabilities. Differential pressure-based flow meters Differential pressure is the most used technology for flow meters worldwide, as the method is proven and standardized. Applications are found in many places in the oil & gas and petrochemical industry for the measurement of water, steam and liquid or gas hydrocarbons. The SITRANS P Series DS series features precision digital transmitters for pressure, absolute pressure, differential pressure, flow and level and has extensive diagnostics and simulation functions. Rotary piston flow meter SITRANS F R is a mechanical working flow measurement device used to measure the volume flow of conductive and nonconductive liquids as well media with a high viscosity of up to 350,000 mpa s or a high temperature of up to +300 C (+572 F). The conventional technique includes high precision and reliability even under tough conditions. Often used for distribution of fuel oil, gasoline and at petrol stations in custody transfer commerce. Temperature products Distilling is a method of separation of substances based on differences in their volatilities. The liquid fraction evaporates so that the vapor has a composition determined by the properties of the liquid. With the process feed having a diverse composition, liquid outlets at intervals up the distillation column allow for the withdrawal of different fractions or products with different boiling ranges. Temperature and pressure measurement are at the core of the distillation control process and have wide application in the oil & gas industry. Siemens has a comprehensive product range covering these applications, including SITRANS TH and SITRANS TF for temperature and SITRANS P for pressure measurement. Product range: SITRANS T, SITRANS TH 100/200/300/400, SITRANS TF 25

26 Pressure products Pipeline integrity is critical throughout the oil & gas supply chain. Build-up of wax, scale and fluid reduces flow efficiency in the pipeline. Internal inspection and cleaning is necessary but can disrupt operations. Alternatives to internal inspection are preferable both to reduce cost and minimize risk. Pressure head loss is a key parameter for pipeline management and control. Unexpected pressure increase may arise because of pipeline blockage or a pressure decrease can occur through losses via pipeline damage. Pressure transmitters are critical instruments to watch over the mainline block valves and provide important information about pipeline transportation performance. On a mobile gas production facility, controlling and observing the gas pressure is of vital importance. On these modular gas production units, SITRANS P DSIII pressure transmitters are ideal. With reliability, accuracy and proven in use, SIL classification ensures the highest level of safety in gas production process control. SITRANS P Series DS III A precision digital transmitter for pressure, absolute pressure, differential pressure, flow and level with extensive diagnostics and simulation functions. It is ideal for harsh petrochemical environmental conditions and for challenging applications such as concentrate hydrogen measurement with gold membrane. The unit delivers excellent, TÜVapproved reliability through its evaluation abilities. Valve positioner In the hydrocarbon processing industry, control valve performance is a key influence on efficiency and reliability. Sustainable good valve performance can be achieved through predictive maintenance. Indeed, increasingly, the hydrocarbon processing industry is moving from preventive to predictive and even proactive maintenance. SIPART PS2 positioners offer sophisticated valve diagnostics that can help deliver advanced maintenance regimes. SIPART PS2 The most frequently used intelligent positioner for linear and rotary valves, double and single-acting actuators. It is the absolute number one amongst electro-pneumatic position controllers. Analytical products Siemens process analyzers have been used in the oil & gas industry for many decades and are well known for their quality, reliability and measuring accuracy. Extractive or in-situ, the continuous process gas analytics of Siemens are at home in both analytic worlds. Siemens analytical experience has produced gas chromatographs with capabilities that have never before been available in a single analyzer. Process gas chromatograph MAXUM Edition II Thanks to its modular concept, MAXUM Edition II can be optimally adjusted to many analysis tasks. It renders maximum accuracy of analytical results, reduced maintenance expenditure and can be used for a wide variety of applications in the oil & gas industry whether it is the analysis of multiple components in complex vapor or liquid mixtures such as light or heavy hydrocarbons, inert gases, sulfur compounds or raw material pollutants, even at the trace level. Process gas chromatograph MicroSAM The most modern micro-mechanics form the basis of the smallest explosion-protected online process gas chromatograph, MicroSAM. It is so compact and sturdy that it can be directly mounted at the sampling point, even in the harshest ambient conditions. It analyzes various components in multiple component vapor mixtures. For example, it is ideal for the analysis of light hydrocarbons in acetylene, flare gas or fuel gas, as well as inert gases such as hydrogen in various recycled gases. 26

27 Natural gas chromatograph SITRANS CV SITRANS CV is a micro process gas chromatograph especially designed for the reliable, exact and fast analysis of natural gas. The analyzer provides all information on the quality of natural gas and its physical properties such as calorific value and density that are required for manifold applications in the natural gas industry. The rugged and compact design makes SITRANS CV suitable for extreme situations, such as direct mounting on a pipeline. The special software CV Control meets the requirements of the natural gas market, as exemplified by custody transfer. Continuous gas analyzers extractive Siemens continuous gas analyzers are well known in the process industry for their quality, reliability, measuring accuracy and long service life. Different physical measuring techniques, to suit the application, are available: The OXYMAT series 6 provides oxygen measurement from high concentration levels down to the smallest oxygen concentrations in pure gas applications with maximum accuracy using paramagnetic or ZrO 2 (for trace analysis) technology NDIR gas analyzers, such as ULTRAMAT 6 and ULTRAMAT 23, are used in highly selective concentration determinations for IR-active gases and gas compounds, such as CO, CO 2 or NO The FIDAMAT 6 provides total hydrocarbon analysis with a flame ionization detector. Almost all applications can be employed in a range of uses, from hydrocarbon trace analysis in pure gases to hydrocarbon sum measuring in corrosive gases. The CALOMAT series 6 thermal conductivity-based gas analyzer distinguishes itself by high measuring range dynamics and short response times in the measurement of hydrogen or other inert gases in binary mixtures, even in corrosive gases such as chlorine. Optimum solutions can be selected for all applications, for example, rack or field mounting, explosion protection, corrosion resistant versions and various communication types. Siemens continuous gas analyzers in-situ LDS 6 is a sturdy and reliable in-situ process laser diode spectrometer. The analyzer provides excellent results even in high temperature and dusty environments, making the LDS 6 perfect for applications such as ammonia slip analysis. Other measuring components are oxygen, HCl, HF, CO, CO 2 or H 2 O. It is fast, very sensitive and representative, requires neither sampling nor maintenance, permits no drift and is multichannel capable. Analytical solutions As well as delivering the technology, we can provide advice and answers to your infrastructure development issues. Siemens Process Analytics is your qualified partner for efficient solutions that integrate process analyzers into automation systems in the process industry. Our analytical solutions are always driven by your customer requirements. We offer an integrated design covering all steps, from sampling point and sample conditioning up to complete analyzer cabinets or analyzer shelters. This includes signal processing and communication to dedicated control systems such as process control or analyzer maintenance. We provide Siemens quality from a single source with function warranty for the entire system. Our expert team provides a wide portfolio of services from site survey to installation check; from instruction of plant personnel to spare part stock management; and from FEED (Front End Engineering and Design) for process analytics to an internet-based service hotline. 27

28 Industrial communication Industrial communication is key to realizing a demand-driven supply chain, increased efficiency and optimized time-to-market. Because Siemens bundles different solutions with SIMATIC NET, the requirements of the customer are always met in an optimal fashion. All the machines in your plant must work as an integrated whole for you to meet these objectives. This requires open, integrated communication linking your automation throughout the company and beyond. Siemens technology helps you to obviate the use of isolated applications in automation and in information technology through: A seamless flow of information from the sensor/actuator level to the company management level Availability of information in any place Fast data exchange between plant sections Simple, consistent configuration and efficient diagnostics Integrated security functions that prevent unauthorized access Fail-safe communication and standard communication using the same cable Our offer Communication networks are of central importance in automation solutions. SIMATIC NET Networking for Industry represents a versatile portfolio of modular blocks designed for your sector, solving your communication tasks efficiently. In different automation areas Across the whole workflow Across the entire life cycle of the plant A distributed plant configuration reduces your overheads for installation, maintenance and diagnostics. Such a configuration makes use of intelligent devices at the local level that interface with one another over networks. Openness and flexibility enable you to easily link different systems and implement expansions. 28 Chapter

29 SIMATIC NET offers many different solutions for industrial communication: PROFIBUS is the international standard for the field level, and Industrial Ethernet the international standard for area networking. PROFINET, the international standard based on Industrial Ethernet, permits real-time communication all the way down to the field level and can even cover the enterprise level. Industrial Mobile Communication stands for the flexible use of industrial communications products. With SINAUT, the recorded values can be transmitted anywhere within the WAN (Wide Area Network). Based on international standards such as IEEE , GSM, GPRS and possibly UMTS in the future, high-speed wireless radio networks can be utilized. All these allow companies to make their processes much more efficient. Reliable, rugged and secure our new SCALANCE product range is especially designed to protect the security, flexibility and performance of your industrial communications networks. And most of the modules are ATEX cat. 3 certified. SIMATIC NET is a component of Totally Integrated Automation, the integrated range of Siemens products and systems for automation. It provides you with comprehensive coverage: horizontally, from inbound to outbound; vertically, from the field level to the production management level and the ERP level. All of our products are based on market standards, combining user friendliness and reliability with a high degree of future orientation. The high quality of all components is matched by our employees in terms of their outstanding skills, knowledge and professionalism. INTERNET Web Client SAP Management information/ Manufacturing Execution System S7-300 Station SIMATIC IT Office LAN (Ethernet) Radio network Station MD2 TIM 4R-IE OS / Batch / Route Control Clients Security Modules Web Server/ OpenPCS 7 Engineering Station Asset Management/ Maintenance station Dedicated line Ethernet MD2 OS / Route Control Server Batch/archive server TIM 4R-IE Industrial Ethernet, single/redundant Standard automation systems Fault-tolerant automation systems Safety-related automation systems FF-H1 ET 200M Weighing systems Zone 2 Zone 1 MTA ET 200M single/redundant ET 200iSP ET 200M Standard and F modules ET 200M F modules DP/FF Link DP/AS-Interface link PROFIBUS DP Ex I/O, HART ET 200M DP/PA link Ex operator terminal PROFIBUS PA PROFIBUS DP Y link PROFIBUS DP DP/PA link with redundant DP/PA couplers Active Field Splitter PROFIBUS PA PROFIBUS DP CO x, NO x ET 200S ET 200iSP HART DP/PA link ET 200pro ET 200S Integrated Drives PROFIBUS PA Active Field Distributors Chapter 29

30 Integrated solutions With Totally Integrated Automation (TIA), Siemens is the only supplier to offer an integrated portfolio of products and systems for the implementation of automation solutions. TIA combines Siemens technology and products with an impressive and unique level of integration into an automation system. This not only reduces the number of interfaces, but also ensures maximum data transparency across all levels from the field, through the production level to the management level. From upstream to midstream and downstream. You benefit with TIA throughout the life cycle of your plant from the first planning stages, through operation to modernization. We offer you a high security of investment with the unique transparency and interoperability of our products and systems by avoiding unnecessary discontinuities in the system. Totally Integrated Automation in the oil & gas industry TIA enables the realization of perfectly tailored solutions for the efficient automation of the entire processes and system levels in the oil & gas industry. With TIA, you benefit from improved productivity and increased total life cycle value. This is because of the uniquely integrated qualities of TIA horizontally across all types of processes and vertically from field level to Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). TIA also meets the highest safety requirements in upstream, midstream and downstream applications. Common configuration and programming tools, a common user interface and common data management across all areas of automation reduce engineering and life cycle costs. A common communications and network infrastructure based on standards ensures perfect integration of the field level. The core of Totally Integrated Automation is SIMATIC a name that stands for worldwide leading products and systems for discrete and process control. 30

31 Services and support Siemens offers field-proven concepts for process instrumentation and analytics from a single source, providing you with development continuity and a high level of security. Our services range from consulting and engineering through to connection onto the control system and comprehensive after-sales services: System and schedule planning Complete planning and engineering of the field level Specialist consultation on the selection and dimensioning of process instruments and analytics System documentation Installation, testing and commissioning Comprehensive after-sales service service around the globe. Plant must function reliably around the clock. Efficient and effective process instrumentation and analytics are an indispensable prerequisite for this, but you also need to be certain of fast and competent service from your supplier. Siemens is a global company that reacts locally. The Siemens network of specialists is available to you right around the world, whether you require consulting or quick delivery and installation of new devices. Service around the clock Our online support system offers rapid, comprehensive assistance regardless of time or location. From product support to service information, A&D online support is your first choice, right around the clock and 365 days a year. 31