Residential Energy Auditing 101

Transcription

1 PHRC Webinar Series Tuesday, January 1pm Residential Energy Auditing 11 Sarah Klinetob Lowe Housing Systems Specialist Pennsylvania Housing Research Center 26B Sackett Building University Park, PA 1682 P: phrc@psu.edu Provider # PPP ID: 1562 Continuing Education At end of the program, you can register for a certificate to receive the following credits for this session: 1. PA Dept L&I Contact Hour 1. PDH Provider # AIA LU HSW (PHRCWEB118) PPP ID: ICC Contact Hour (.1 CEU) (144) 1. NARI hour/ceu 1 credit earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members following registration at the end of program. This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. 1

2 Description Whether it s a homeowner looking to save energy costs, a utility striving for permanent energy usage reductions in its territory, or a designer confirming a home is meeting its intended energy performance, there are several approaches to residential energy auditing to achieve various goals. This webinar will explore the various reasons for commissioning a residential energy audit, the associated energy auditing process, and the final product for those end goals. 4 Learning Objectives Explore the differences between walkthrough audits, comprehensive audits, and energy monitoring and evaluation for existing residential buildings. Examine the impacts on energy usage and indoor air quality for occupants when developing and implementing energy conservation measures. Understand the environmental impacts of site energy reductions and renewable energy implementation on source energy consumption. Gain insight on energy and home safety evaluation tools used during energy auditing and monitoring processes. 5 Outline Introduction to Residential Energy Audits & Residential Energy Management Overview of Residential Energy Audit Products Details of Residential Energy Audits Details of Residential Energy Audits Step by Step through Residential Energy Audit Process 6 2

3 What is a Residential Energy Audit? Snapshot evaluation of an existing home s actual energy usage One time assessment of how to: Decrease source & site energy usage Save money Increase comfort and/or safety Reduce environmental impact Water Heating 15% Pennsylvania Residential Energy Usage 29 EIA Data Air conditioning 3% Organized into recommended: Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs) and/or Renewable Energy Opportunities Appliances, electronics, lighting 32% Space Heating 5% 7 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (213). Household Energy Use in Pennsylvania. Retrieved from What is a Residential Energy Audit? ECM #1 Water Heating 15% Pennsylvania Residential Energy Usage 29 EIA Data Air conditioning 3% aa ECM #2 ECM #3 Example Post ECM Implementation Anticipated Energy Usage Water Heating 15% Air conditioning 2% Example Energy Savings Potential 2% Appliances, electronics, lighting 32% Space Heating 5% ECM #4 ECM #5 Appliances, electronics, lighting 25% Space Heating 38% 8 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (213). Household Energy Use in Pennsylvania. Retrieved from U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (213). Household Energy Use in Pennsylvania. Retrieved from pa.pdf Energy Conservation Measures ECM #1 aa ECM #2 ECM #3 ECM #4 ECM #5 Unplug videogame systems when not in use Install/use programmable thermostat Replace old refrigerator Air seal & insulate attic Install high efficiency furnace Defined project/action that optimizes: Operating cost Initial cost Occupant comfort Occupant safety Environmental impact Goals: Decrease source & site energy usage Save money Increase comfort and/or safety Reduce environmental impact 9 3

4 Approach Energy Pyramid ECM #1 Conservation aa ECM #2 ECM #3 Unplug videogame systems when not in use Conservation Efficiency $ Install/use programmable thermostat Efficiency $$ Replace old refrigerator Energy Demand Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency ECM #4 Efficiency $$$ Air seal & insulate attic Energy Conservation ECM #5 Efficiency $$$$ Install high efficiency furnace 1 Residential Energy Management Overview Energy Audit / Energy Audit Report Energy Measure Implementation time Energy history review (1 2 years of utility bills) Energy Monitoring Today s Webinar Energy Controls / Smart Home Technology 11 Why Get an Energy Audit High energy bills Comfort issues Safety concerns Moisture/mold issues Anticipated renovations Utility rebates Evaluate environmental impact Top: conservation/miller text Bottom: ice dam removal/ 12 4

5 Energy Usage in Pennsylvania Homes 13 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (213). Household Energy Use in Pennsylvania. Retrieved from surveys/ahs/215/factsheets/215%2housing%2profile%2pennsylvania.pdf Energy Audit Products Energy Audit Energy Audit Other Names Simple Energy Audit Audit General Energy Audit Other names: Checklist General Energy Energy Audit Audit, Standard Standard Energy Energy Audit, Audit Detailed Energy Audit Home Energy Survey Detailed Energy Audit Typical Cost Visual inspection $ $1 $3 $8 Visual Inspection? Diagnostic Yestools Yes Diagnostic Tools? Blower Nodoor Yes Renewable Infrared camera Evaluation? Sometimes Sometimes Combustion analysis Utility Bill Review? Ranked list Sometimes of more specific/detailed Energy Yes Conservation Measures (ECM) Energy Modeling? Typically No includes some sort of renewable energy Yes evaluation Cost/payback details? No Yes Approximately Ranked $3 $8 list of general energy Ranked list of more detailed energy Report Detail measures measures with cost/payback HERS Score / 15 Home Energy Score? Sometimes Sometimes 5

6 Who Does Energy Audits? Other Names Reasons to Get This Energy Audit Product Who Does Them? Energy Audit Simple Energy Audit Checklist Energy Audit Home Energy Survey High energy bills Anticipated renovations Utility rebates (appliances, etc.) Evaluate environmental impact Energy Consultants Contractors / Remodelers Design Professionals Students Self Energy Audit General Energy Audit Standard Energy Audit Detailed Energy Audit High energy bills Comfort issues Safety concerns Moisture/mold issues Anticipated renovations Utility rebates (energy audit, etc.) Evaluate environmental impact Energy Consultants Contractors / Remodelers Design Professionals Minimum Required Certification Suggested Minimum 16 Certification None RESNET Home Energy Survey Professional (HESP) BPI Energy Auditor RESNET Certified HERS Rater Variation of Energy Auditing Services Results from a 5+ response survey of Home Energy Auditors (October 211) 96% of respondents had BPI credentials s/ansi BPI 11 T 214%2Home%2Energy%2 Auditing%2Standard.pdf standards/214qh12webpos t.pdf 17 Palmer, K. Walls, M., Gordon, H. and Gerarden, T. (211). Assessing the Energy Efficiency Information Gap: Results from a Survey of Home Energy Auditors. Resources for the Future, accessed 9 January 218. Energy Audit Process General Structure Pre Assessment Data Collection Onsite assessment Energy Analysis Written Energy Audit Report Sometimes Visual / Checklist assessment No diagnostic testing General ECM identification No energy modeling Ranked list of general ECMs Visual / Diagnostic assessment Blower door test Combustion Analysis Infrared Camera More detailed ECM identification + financials Energy modeling Utility Bill evaluation Ranked list of detailed ECMs with expected paybacks 18 6

7 Step 1: Pre Assessment Data Collection Pre Assessment Data Collection Results from a 5+ response survey of Home Energy Auditors (October 211) Sometimes Palmer, K. Walls, M., Gordon, H. and Gerarden, T. (211). Assessing the Energy Efficiency Information Gap: Results from a Survey of Home Energy Auditors. Resources for the Future, rep=rep1&type=pdf, accessed 9 January 218. Step 1: Pre Assessment Data Collection Pre Assessment Data Collection Sometimes Nationwide Nationwide surveys/ahs/215/infographs/215%2housing%2profile%2energy.pdf 2 2 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (213). Household Energy Use in Pennsylvania. Retrieved from Example Energy Bill Pre Assessment Pre Assessment Data Collection 25 2 Example Natural Gas Usage (Therms) Sometimes Home s Systems 1) Primary Heating Fuel: Natural Gas (NG) Example Electricity Usage (kwh)

8 Example Energy Bill Pre Assessment Pre Assessment Data Collection 25 2 Example Natural Gas Usage (Therms) Sometimes Home s Systems 1) Primary Heating Fuel: Natural Gas (NG) 2) NG hot water heater and/or NG stove 14 Example Electricity Usage (kwh) Example Energy Bill Pre Assessment Pre Assessment Data Collection 25 2 Example Natural Gas Usage (Therms) Sometimes Home s Systems 1) Primary Heating Fuel: Natural Gas (NG) 2) NG hot water heater and/or NG stove 14 Example Electricity Usage (kwh) Example Energy Bill Pre Assessment Pre Assessment Data Collection Sometimes 25 Example Natural Gas Usage (Therms) Heating Hot Water/Cooking 215 Heating Home s Systems 1) Primary Heating Fuel: Natural Gas (NG) 2) NG hot water heater and/or NG stove 3) Cooling system 14 Example Electricity Usage (kwh) Heating Cooling Appliances & Lighting Heating

9 Site & Source Energy Conversion Pre Assessment Data Pre Assessment Collection Data Collection Sometimes Fuel Type Unit Site BTUs per Unit Source Energy Conversion Factor Source BTUs per Unit Electricity Kilowatt 3,412 Hour (kwh) ,714 Natural Gas Therm 1, , Fuel Oil (No. 2) Gallon 138, ,885 Propane Gallon 91, ,246 Kerosene (No. 1) Gallon 134, ,34 Coal (Short) Ton 26,, (Anthracite) 1. 26,, Wood Cord ~2,, ~2,, 1. (varies) (varies) portfoliomanager.energystar.gov/pdf/reference/source%2energy.pdf Example Energy Bill Pre Assessment Pre Assessment Data Collection 3 2 Example Natural Gas Usage (Therms) 15 Example Electricity Usage (kwh) 1 Sometimes Total Example Energy Usage (Thousand BTUs) BTUs per Fuel Type Unit Unit Kilowatt Electricity 3,412 Hour (kwh) Natural Gas Therm 1, Electricity MBTU (Thousand BTUs) Gas MBTU (Thousand BTUs) Energy Usage in Pennsylvania Homes Example Home Energy Usage Pie Chart Air conditioning Water 2% Heating / Cooking 2% Appliances, electronics, lighting 22% Space Heating 56% Space Heating Appliances, electronics, lighting Water Heating / Cooking Air conditioning 27 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (213). Household Energy Use in Pennsylvania. Retrieved from /state_briefs/pdf/pa.pdf 9

10 Energy Usage in Pennsylvania Homes 28 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (213). Household Energy Use in Pennsylvania. Retrieved from Heating Degree Days Pre Assessment Data Collection State College Heating Degree Days (Base 65F) 215, 216, and HDD 216 HDD 217 HDD January February March April May June July August September October November December TOTAL % fewer HDD.22% fewer between 215 HDD between & & KUNV Weather Data HDD 216 HDD 217 HDD Cooling Degree Days Pre Assessment Data Collection State College Heating Degree Days (Base 65F) 215, 216, and CDD 216 CDD 217 HDD January February 3 March 7 1 April May June July August September October November 5 2 December TOTAL % greater 23.6% fewer CDD between CDD between 215 & & 217 KUNV Weather Data CDD 216 CDD 217 CDD 1

11 Example Use Patterns Pre Assessment Data Collection Example Electricity Usage (kwh) Site Energy Conversion & Costs Pre Assessment Data Pre Assessment Collection Data Collection Sometimes Fuel Type Unit Cost per Cost per Cost per Site BTUs Unit Unit Million BTU per Unit (Supply) (Delivery) (MMBTU) Electricity Kilowatt 3,412 Hour (kwh) $.6 $.3 $18.67 Natural Gas Therm 1, $.45 $.64 $4.5 Fuel Oil (No. 2) Gallon 138,5 $2.65? $19.13 Propane Gallon 91,333 $3.2? $35.4 Kerosene (No. 1) Gallon 134, $3.15? $23.51 Coal (Short) Ton (Anthracite) 26,, $217.5? $8.37 Wood Cord ~2,, varies (varies)? Step 2 Onsite Assessment Energy Audit Visual Inspection? Yes Yes Diagnostic Tools? No Yes Renewable Evaluation? Sometimes Sometimes 1 Find opportunities for energy conservation, efficiency, and/or renewable energy (general) Energy Audit 1 Find opportunities for energy conservation, efficiency, and/or renewable energy (detailed) Goals 33 2 Identify any health/safety/ moisture concerns (general) 2 Identify any health/safety/ moisture concerns (detailed) 3 Examine details for energy modeling and cost implications for ECM implementation 11

12 Step 2 Onsite Assessment Visual Inspection (interior & exterior) of every major building system Building Envelope Attic/Roof Walls Doors/Windows/Penetrations Basement/Crawlspace HVAC & Hot Water Systems Equipment Distribution Controls Lighting Appliances Other Loads (hot tub, etc.) 34 Diagnostic Tools Blower Door 35 Diagnostic Tools Combustion Analysis /residential combustion analysis/ US/testo 33 1 lx/p/

13 Diagnostic Tools Infrared Camera heating costs/thermal house 2/ thermal imaging 37 utah infrared home inspections provided by utah infrared inspections Variations in Energy Audits Results from a 5+ response survey of Home Energy Auditors (October 211) Visual / Checklist assessment No diagnostic testing Visual / Diagnostic assessment Blower door test Combustion Analysis Infrared Camera Palmer, K. Walls, M., Gordon, H. and Gerarden, T. (211). Assessing the Energy Efficiency Information Gap: Results from a Survey of Home Energy Auditors. Resources for the Future, rep=rep1&type=pdf, accessed 9 January 218. HVAC System Boiler Visual Inspection Notes Primary Heating Equipment: Boiler Fuel: Fuel Oil Age: ~196 (original) Efficiency: 74% (onsite notes/specs) Vent: Atmospheric Pump age: ~196 (original) 39 Health/Safety /Moisture Notes Diagnostic Tests Carbon monoxide detector installed No asbestos pipe wrap found No leaks in oil tank Carbon monoxide detector past 1 year useful lifespan; replace immediately No CO leaks ( ppm tested) Venting system good Draft pressure good Efficiency: 73% (tested) 13

14 Building Envelope Attic services.html aerolite/ 4 Building Envelope Insulation 41 a homeowner/about insulation/how much do i need/ Building Envelope Air Sealing content/uploads/215/3/attic1.jpg 42 sealing.hm_improvement_attic 14

15 Building Envelope Details gallery/17352 album barhamsville attic clean out.html 43 Building Envelope Health/Safety/Moisture leak chimney roof 35327/ aponke.us/riveting mold in basement/mold in basement removal raleigh asbestos/ 44 Building Envelope Health/Safety/Moisture details/bats in the home 45 attic/ 15

16 Building Envelope Health/Safety/Moisture 46 Building Envelope Health/Safety/Moisture knob and tube epidemic/ 47 Building Envelope thermal imaging 48 16

17 Appliance Energy Usage Increased Use Heating and cooling no longer majority of U.S. home energy use March 7, 213 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (213, March 7). Heating and cooling no longer majority of U.S. home energy use. Retrieved from 2Consumption%2Survey%2(RECS) f4 49 Appliance Energy Usage Refrigerators star/faq /Still chilling 58 years Britains oldest fridge shows signs freezing up.html Appliance Energy Usage Laundry _Use_pie_graph_8%222%214 large.jpg star/faq 51 17

18 Appliance Energy Usage Videogame Systems 52 machines soak up power even when not in use/ Phantom Loads 53 your ups last longer in load shedding with these simple tips/ Miscellaneous Electric Loads Hendron, R. (26). Building America Research Benchmark Definition, Updated December 15, 26. DOE Building Technologies Program. /buildings/publications/pdfs/b uilding_america/4968.pdf, accessed 9 January

19 Residential Energy Management Overview Energy Audit / Energy Audit Report Energy Measure Implementation time Energy history review (1 2 years of utility bills) Energy Monitoring Energy Controls / Smart Home Technology 55 Renewable Energy Evaluation Step 3: Energy Analysis Energy Audit Other Names Energy Analysis Simple Energy Audit Checklist Energy Audit Home Energy Survey Energy Audit General Energy Audit Standard Energy Audit Detailed Energy Audit Typical Cost $ $1 $3 $8 Utility Bill Review? Sometimes Yes Energy Modeling? No Yes Cost/payback details? No Yes Report Detail Ranked list of general energy measures HERS Score / Home Energy Score? Sometimes Sometimes Ranked list of more detailed energy measures with cost/payback 57 19

20 Energy Modeling Energy Analysis General ECM identification No energy modeling More detailed ECM identification + financials Energy modeling Utility Bill evaluation software 2/ 58 Energy Modeling Purpose Get more accurate initial energy use profiles Evaluate multiple retrofit options Get more accurate energy savings for identified ECM(s) Properly take into account systems level interaction Step 3: Energy Analysis Energy Analysis General ECM identification No energy modeling Results from a 5+ response survey of Home Energy Auditors (October 211) More detailed ECM identification + financials Energy modeling Utility Bill evaluation Palmer, K. Walls, M., Gordon, H. and Gerarden, T. (211). Assessing the Energy Efficiency Information Gap: Results from a Survey of Home Energy Auditors. Resources for the Future, accessed 9 January Energy Modeling / Energy Bills Energy Analysis 3 2 Example Natural Gas Usage (Therms) 15 Example Electricity Usage (kwh) 1 Gagliano, J. & Thomas, G. (215). NYSERDA Home Performance with Energy Star Realization Rate Attribution Study. Performance Systems Development, hpwes rrstudy/, accessed 9 January

21 Step 3: Energy Analysis Energy Analysis General ECM identification No energy modeling More detailed ECM identification + financials Energy modeling Utility Bill evaluation blogs/dept/musings/energyefficiency pyramid 61 Step 4: Energy Audit Report Other Names Energy Audit Simple Energy Audit Checklist Energy Audit Home Energy Survey Energy Audit General Energy Audit Standard Energy Audit Detailed Energy Audit Typical Cost $ $1 $3 $8 Report Detail HERS Score / Home Energy Score? Ranked list of general energy measures Sometimes Ranked list of more detailed energy measures with cost/payback Sometimes 1 Find opportunities for energy conservation, efficiency, and/or renewable energy (general) 1 Find opportunities for energy conservation, efficiency, and/or renewable energy (detailed) Goals 2 Identify any health/safety/ moisture concerns (general) 2 Identify any health/safety/ moisture concerns (detailed) 3 Examine details for energy modeling and cost implications for ECM implementation 62 ECM Rankings Written Energy Audit Report Ranked list of general ECMs Ranked list of detailed ECMs with expected paybacks ECM #1 aa ECM #2 ECM #3 Conservation Unplug videogame systems when not in use Conservation Efficiency $ Install/use programmable thermostat Efficiency $$ Replace old refrigerator ECM #4 Efficiency $$$ Air seal & insulate attic ECM #5 Efficiency $$$$ Install high efficiency furnace 63 21

22 Step 4: Energy Audit Report 64 Written Energy Audit Report Ranked list of general ECMs Ranked list of detailed ECMs with expected paybacks ECM #4 Air seal & insulate attic Description The attic insulation was approximately R 15 and had minimal airsealing. It is recommended to airseal and insulate the attic to R 49. Initial Cost: $3,5 Expecting Savings: $757/year (516 therms, 2,11 kwh) Simple Payback: 4.6 years The initial cost and associated savings reflect the need for properly airsealing and insulating the recessed can lights, and the overall performance of the existing assembly based on the visual inspection of missing insulation in some areas. Health/Safety/Moisture Concerns None found Open wires found; address prior to retrofit Reassess combustion appliances after retrofit NELC Energy Audit Detail Written Energy Audit Report Ranked list of general ECMs Ranked list of detailed ECMs with expected paybacks 65 Step 4: Energy Audit Report Water Heating 15% Written Energy Audit Report Pennsylvania Residential Energy Usage 29 EIA Data Air conditioning 3% ECM #1 aa ECM #2 ECM #3 Example Post ECM Implementation Anticipated Energy Usage Water Heating 15% Air conditioning 2% Example Energy Savings Potential 2% Appliances, electronics, lighting 32% Space Heating 5% ECM #4 ECM #5 Appliances, electronics, lighting 25% Space Heating 38% 66 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (213). Household Energy Use in Pennsylvania. Retrieved from U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (213). Household Energy Use in Pennsylvania. Retrieved from pa.pdf 22

23 Energy Benchmarking Written Energy Audit Report 67 Palmer, K. Walls, M., Gordon, H. and Gerarden, T. (211). Assessing the Energy Efficiency Information Gap: Results from a Survey of Home Energy Auditors. Resources for the Future, &rep=rep1&type=pdf, accessed 9 January rating Energy Benchmarking Written Energy Audit Report energy score vs hers score 68 Energy Benchmarking Written Energy Audit Report 1) Hold one of these credentials 2) Identify local Home Energy Score partners 3) Complete a free online test / simulation 4) Score a home with a mentor 5) Score your own homes 69 energy score/become assessor 23

24 Summary Energy audits are one aspect of the big picture of residential energy management Two primary energy audit products with lots of variation in between Seek residential energy professionals who can provide you or your customers the right level of service based upon their specific home s needs Detail Building Science application 7 Evaluations / Certificate / Questions? This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course Link to Certificate: Join us next month on Tuesday, February 12 at 1pm for the webinar titled A Look Into Visitability Why & How? Presenter: Chris Hine (PHRC) Pennsylvania Housing Research Center 26B Sackett Building University Park, PA 1682 P: phrc@psu.edu 71 Provider # PPP ID: