CarboOcean Consortium and Christoph Heinze et al.
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1 CARBOOCEAN Marine carbon sources and sinks assessment CarboOcean Consortium and Christoph Heinze et al. University of Bergen Geophysical Institute & Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
2 2.1 Overall goal and mission: (from Annex I) CARBOOCEAN IP (= CarboOcean Integrated Project) aims at an accurate scientific assessment of the marine carbon sources and sinks within space and time. It focuses on the Atlantic and Southern Oceans and a time interval of -200 to +200 years from now. CARBOOCEAN will determine the ocean s quantitative role for uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), the most important manageable driving agent for climate change. The ocean has the most significant overall potential as a sink for anthropogenic CO 2. The correct quantification of this sink is a fundamental necessary condition for all realistic prognostic climate simulations. CARBOOCEAN will thus create scientific knowledge, which is essential to a quantitative risk/uncertainty judgement on the expected consequences of rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. Based on this judgement, it will be possible to guide the development of appropriate mitigation actions, such as management of CO 2 emission reductions within a global context (e.g., Kyoto Protocol, United Nations, 1997). CARBOOCEAN combines the key European experts and scientific resources in the field through an integrated research effort. The effort complements other major research programmes on oceanic, atmospheric, and terrestrial carbon cycling and is linked to these programmes.
3 Core Themes of CARBOOCEAN IP
4 Objectives of CARBOOCEAN IP Guiding sustainable development management Objective 5: Prediction, future assessment CO 2 emmisions System dynamics Initial conditions Boundary conditions Objective 4: Assessment of feedbacks Objective 2: Long term assessment Objective 3: Assessment of Regional European Contribution Objective 1: Short-term assessment
5 Core theme III Core theme III: Carbon uptake and release at European regional scale 1. Variability of carbon exchange between marginal seas and atmosphere 2. C-Exchange between marginal seas and land and the role of shallow sediments 3. C-Exchange Marginal seas and the Atlantic Ocean 4. Carbon budget for Western Europe (marine, terrestrial, and atmospheric compartments; jointly with CarboEurope IP). Atmosphere (marginal seas / land / atmosphere / ocean CO 2 fluxes) Land Ocean North Sea NW Mediterranean Sea Aim: Contribution of the North Sea and the NW Mediterranean Sea to the carbon budget of NW Europe
6 The ocean carbon sink is regionally more variable than previously thought! Watson, Schuster et al., UEA Possible explanation: NAO driven redistribution of North Atlantic CO 2 sink between subpolar and subtropical gyres (Thomas et al., 2008) European-North American Cooperation Schuster et al. (2009) DSR II
7 Potential alterations in biological cycling of carbon with circulation and pco 2 change: 350 μatm (green) 700 μatm (grey) 1050 μatm (red) Apparent decrease of dissolved inorganic C with pco 2 Apparent increase of organically bound C with pco 2 Mesocosm experiments at differing atmospheric pco 2 : Captering natural ecosystem communities in plastic bags and watching their behavior for changes in forcing under controlled conditions Riebesell, Schulz, Bellerby, Botros, Fritsche, Meyerhöfer, Neill, Nondal, Oschlies, Wohlers & Zöllner, Nature, 2007 Apparent increase of nutrient utilisiation efficiency with pco 2 Mesocosm facilities at Espegrend, Bergen
8 CarboOcean s and CarboEurope s outreach project CarboSchools 60 European schools, 65 projects, 1450 pupils, x teachers, x scientists Online resources Publications CarboSchools website: - materials - publications - SchoolCO2web Regional websites (native languages) Experimentation projects Volbers et al. Processing scientific data Field trips and expeditions Observation and measurements 1. Educ. booklet: What we have learned, What we still don t know and what we must do to combat climate change 2. Educ. booklet: What we have learned, what we still don t know and what we must do to combat climate change 3. Educ. booklet: in prep. CarboSchools regional operators handbook Teacher/scientist partnership guide
9 EU publication Joint effort of marine and terrestrial carbon research community Thanks to Anastasios Kentarchos, EU!! Web access available!
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