DOE s Building Technologies Office. Pat Phelan, Emerging Technologies NEMA Emerging Opportunities Panel January 8, 2015

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1 DOE s Building Technologies Office Pat Phelan, Emerging Technologies NEMA Emerging Opportunities Panel January 8, 2015

2 Building Technologies Office Strategy & Programs OverallBTO Goal: 50% reduction in building energy use 2 BTO Ecosystem Energy Efficiency Challenges Key barriers to increasing building energy efficiency: high upfront costs of advanced technologies fragmented market lack of information to building investors, owners and operators, and consumers Emerging Technologies (ET) Develop cost-effective, high-impact building technologies: Lighting, HVAC, Windows & Envelope, Sensors & Controls, Appliances & Equipment Commercial Buildings Integration (CBI) Residential Buildings Integration (RBI) Partner with private sector to demonstrate technologies and solutions Demonstrate market relevant strategies that enable 20-50% energy savings Accelerate market adoption by: Developing and disseminating design and decision support tools Assisting in overcoming information and financial barriers Communicating the value of energy efficiency Providing technical assistance Codes & Standards Provide input for model building codes; provide support to for code adoption and compliance Establish energy use standards for appliances and equipment through a transparent public process.

3 Building Technologies Office Aspirational Goal Reduce building energy use by 50%in 2030, compared to the business-asusual energy consumption projected by the 2010 Annual Energy Outlook Funding Reductions! 3

4 Potential Limits of Building Energy Efficiency (Draft) Residential Buildings Other dominates in the future! 4

5 Key R&D Initiatives in 2015: Low-GWP Refrigeration Cap (Percent of Baseline) Year Source: Goetzler et al., 2014, Research & Development Roadmap for Next-Generation Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants, 5

6 Two Approaches for Low-GWP Refrigeration Near-Term: Identify low-gwp refrigerant replacements through thermodynamic modeling (NIST) 1 st Gen 2 nd Gen 3 rd Gen 4 th Gen Whatever worked CFCs, HCFCs HFCs Low-GWP Compound Count PubChem Compound Database Component atoms; only C, H, N, O, S, F, Cl, Br Max. number of atoms in the molecule: Global Warming Potential: GWP< Toxicity Flammability: lower flammability limit LFL > 0.1 kg/m Critical temperature: 300 K < T crit < 550 K (80 F -530 F) 1728 Stability 1234 Critical temperature: 300 K < T crit < 400 K (80 F -260 F) 62 6

7 Two Approaches for Low-GWP Refrigeration Long-Term: Eliminate the refrigerants entirely (non-vapor compression systems) o Potential of leapfrogging existing HVAC technologies by pursuing entirely new approaches that offer better performance with reduced environmental burden o Can improve efficiencies of other equipment using heat pumping o Non-vapor-compression technology report: GE magnetocaloric refrigerator ( 7

8 Key R&D Initiatives in 2015: Building Energy Modeling Simulation tools EnergyPlus whole-building energy-simulation engine + Radiance lighting engine OpenStudio whole-building simulation SDK and application CBECC-Com ruleset-driven code-compliance engine Asset rating simulation tools Commercial Building Energy Score Utility simulation tools EDAPT (Energy Design Assistance Program Tracker) COFEE (Customer Optimization for Energy Efficiency) Internal simulation tools P-Tool (Strategic Prioritization Tool) Measured and measured data tools SEED (Standard Energy-Efficiency Data) platform BPD (Building Performance Database) AIA 2030 Commitment Portal 8

9 Building Energy Modeling (BEM): Integrative Design Iterative, quantitative, system-level analysis of your specific building How do strategies interact with each other, climateand yourbuilding program? How energy savings balance with upfront costs and your budget? EUI CBECS-2003 ASHRAE % AEDG Integrative design Standards: 25% (?) BEM Prescriptive guides: 75% (?) BEM Integrative design: 100% BEM 9 Energy Use Intensity (EUI) waterfall How we visualize and attribute energy savings to integrative design (ID) use case AIA 2030 Commitment Reporting( /downloads/aia-2030-commitment-portal) 2013 data (1,100 projects) shows benefit of BEM is 15% Others (e.g., RMI Reinventing Fire ) claim benefit of BEM and ID is greater

10 Residential Buildings FY15 Focus RBI s Building America effort is focused in three key areas: Moisture Managed High-R Envelopes Are Less Likely to Stay Wet High performance homes with increased insulation, reduced infiltration, reduced risk of condensation, and adequate drying potential inside building assemblies Optimized Low-Load Comfort Solutions Effectively Manage Airflow & Indoor RH for Comfort High efficiency comfort systems for homes with low thermal loads, including optimal efficiency, managed air flow and RH control at all part load conditions Smarter Indoor Air Quality Solutions Control Fresh Air Supply & Contaminant Removal Added tightness with improved source control, dilution, and high efficiency filtration, with little or no energy penalty 10

11 Key R&D Initiatives in 2015: Transaction Based Controls Develop and commercialize advanced diagnostics and controls to create self-aware buildings that optimize performance. Define, test, quantify and validate the value proposition, response and Research, related services Development provided by and Building Technologies Deployment Enable buildings to interact (e.g. with the grid) to support transactive energy opportunities and deliver the value proposition Enable buildings to interact (e.g. with the grid) to support transactive energy opportunities and deliver the value proposition Improve Operational Efficiency of Building Systems Accommodate Millions of Electric Vehicles Manage End-Use Loads Help to Maintain Reliability Help Integration of Renewables 11

12 Transactional Platform -VOLTTRON 12

13 Materials Genome Initiative for Buildings products MRL processes materials 13 TRL Apply high-performance computational modeling and highthroughput experimental techniques to rapidly design, synthesize, and test improved materials for buildings, such as Magnetocaloric & electrocaloric refrigeration materials Envelope materials that control heat, moisture, and light transport

14 Buildings of the Future Scoping Study What will buildings look like in 100 years, and how will they function? Energy Water Health Productivity Security Resiliency BTO is developing a vision for the future through panel sessions, a workshop, and public comments via website. 14 futurebuildings.pnnl.gov

15 Funding Opportunities in FY15 Emerging Technologies: BENEFIT(Building Energy Frontiers and Innovation Technologies Solid State Lighting Advanced Technology R&D BUILD(Buildings University Innovators and Leaders Development) Commercial Buildings Integration: Advancing Solutions to Improve Energy Efficiency of Commercial Buildings Residential Buildings Integration: Building America Industry Partnerships for High Performance Housing Innovation Small Business Innovative Research: 2 3 topics offered each year 15

16 Upcoming for FY15 Workshops Buildings of the Future Energy/Water Nexus Materials Genome Initiative for Buildings Empirical Validation of Whole-Building Energy Simulation Programs Additive Manufacturing for Buildings Roadmaps Sensors & Controls Roadmap Building Energy Modeling & Tools Roadmap BTO Peer/Merit Review Held each spring in Washington DC 16