Benchmarking Report for Greece

Transcription

1 Benchmarking Report for Greece Component 3 phase 1 review of the best practices Activity: match-making and benchmark report The main task of this activity is to identify criteria for the application of ground source heat pumps (GSHP) and to derive the degree of homogenization of regulations, standards, guidelines etc. Territorial framework Greece is a country located in Southern Europe, on the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula. The country ranges approximately in latitude from N to N and in longitude from E to E. Greece is surrounded on the north by Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia and Albania; to the west by the Ionian Sea; to the south by the Mediterranean Sea and to the east by the Aegean Sea and Turkey. It has a total area of 131,940 km². Of this, land area is 130,800 km², internal waters (lakes and rivers) account for km². Land boundaries measure 1,228 km and coastline measures km. The country consists of a large mainland; the Peloponnesus, a peninsula connected to the southern tip of the mainland by the Isthmus of Corinth; and around 3,000 islands, including Crete, Rhodes, Corfu, the Dodecanese and the Cyclades. Greece has 15,000 km (9,300 miles) of coastline. 80% of Greece is mountainous, and the country is one of the most mountainous countries of Europe. The Pindus, a chain of mountains lies across the centre of the country in a northwest-to-southeast direction, with a maximum elevation of m. Extensions of the same mountain range stretch across the Peloponnesus and underwater across the Aegean, forming many of the Aegean Islands including Crete, and joining with the Taurus Mountains of southern Turkey. Central and Western Greece contain high and steep peaks dissected by many canyons and other karstic landscapes, including the Meteora and the Vikos Gorges - the latter being one of the largest of the world and the second deepest after the Grand Canyon in the USA, plunging vertically for more than 1,100 metres. Mount Olympus is the highest point of Greece and the fourth highest in relative topographical prominence in Europe, rising to 2,919 m above sea level. The Rhodope Mountains form the border between Greece and Bulgaria; that area is covered with vast and thick forests. Plains also are found in eastern Thessaly, in central Macedonia and in Thrace. Western Greece contains lakes and wetlands. The country consists of the following land use s types: 1.) Arable land: 19% 1

2 2.) Permanent crops: 8% 3.) Forests and woodland: 50% 4.) Other: 23% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: km² (1993 est.) An overview of geology in Greece shows the complexity of geological structures and the type of ground rocks. The country s geotectonic zones are presented in the following image. Figure 1. Geotectonic zones of Greece. Briefly, the geological settings are classified in the following categories Igneous Rocks and tuffs, lahars formed by the eruption of volcanoes in Aegean sea Sedimentary rocks deposited on land (streams, lakes, glaciers, dunes) or under sea (beach, reefs, deep sea) Limestone formed in shallow coastal waters in warm climates Clays deposits in Central Plain of Attica and in shallow lakes in Neogene sediments Metamorphic Rocks. Recrystallization of pre-existing rocks due to deep burial (heating and pressure) or intrusion of magma (heating), marble (metamorphism of limestone), equant inter-grown crystals Ophiolites, slivers of oceanic crust and mantle thrust up and exposed at surface and ophiolites present in Peloponnesus Recent alluvia deposits 2

3 The complicated geological structure of the country develops equally complicated hydrogeological conditions. Consequently, the various aquifer systems show great heterogeny and anisotropy as far as their pattern and mechanisms are concerned. The groundwater potential of the country, as it is calculated in the study of IGME, is of the rate of 20x10 9 m 3. An amount of 14,2x10 9 m 3 or 71% corresponds to the reserves of fissure flow systems (karstic aquifers), an amount of 4,2x10 9 m 3 or 21% corresponds mainly to the reserves of inter-granular flow systems (porous aquifers) and sometimes the fissure flow systems (aquifer systems of post-alpine deposits) and the rest 1,6x10 9 m 3 or 8% corresponds to the reserves of fissure flow systems in semi-permeable schists, gneiss and alike rocks. A significant percentage of this potential is discharged from springs and it is added to the surface runoff. Limestones (marbles), marls (marlstones) and sandstones are the main soil types met in Greece. In relation with the thermal conductivity of rocks and soils, this is strongly dependent on their material formation (e.g. unconsolidated sediments or rock with voids). The range of the thermal conductivity values in unconsolidated rocks is extended from W/m/K while in solid sediments this ranges from , in magmatites from and in metamorphic rocks from The hydraulic conductivities vary from 8,64m/d (limestones) 0,15 m/d (marls, marlstones). In sandstones, the corresponding values are lying between 2.5x x10-11 m/sec. The temperature gradient referring in ground has a mean value 33 C/km. As far as the groundwater quality is concerned, a significant potential of thermo-metallic and special constitution water while another percentage of groundwater of the country is not proper for the most uses, due to natural causes and human activities as well. Regarding the weather conditions, the climate of Greece is generally Mediterranean with long hot dry summers and wet mild winters when the majority of rainfall occurs. In the summer the Etesian, a northerly wind, blows across the Aegean Sea while in the mountainous areas, temperatures are generally cooler with severe winter temperatures and heavy rainfall. According to National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Greece's climate is divided into three classes: A Mediterranean climate features mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Temperatures rarely reach extremes, although snowfalls do occur occasionally even in Athens, Cyclades or Crete during the winter. A continental climate is found primarily in Western Greece (Epirus, Central Greece, Thessaly, Western Macedonia as well as the central parts of Peloponnesus like Achaia, Arcadia and parts of Lakonia where the Alpine range pass by). A mid-european temperate climate is found in Central and Eastern Macedonia as well as in Thrace at places like Komotini, Xanthi and northern Evros; with cold, damp winters and hot, dry summers. The knowledge of building stock in Greece is the key-condition for any institutional intervention. National Statistical Service (ESYE) is the source for any information with regard to the building stock ( The total of buildings in Greece mounted in 4,250,000. The 21% of these are located in 3

4 Macedonia while the 19% in Attica. Regarding the year of construction, the 64% of buildings in Greece were founded up to 1980, while the 36% of buildings from 1980 to The building construction activity in Greece counts an average of 52,500 buildings/year over years ( ). Regarding the type of buildings, refers to family buildings and dwellings as well, while 700,000 buildings refer to multifamily residential buildings with a corresponding dwellings number of Another type of buildings concerns the buildings for other uses (Commercial etc.) out of which corresponds to dwellings. Since 1980, all new buildings are well insulated. As a result of this, the buildings constructed before 1940 (~15% of the stock) should need to be refurbished; while the ones built before 1980 (~50% of the stock) should need maintenance. The newer buildings (i.e. ~35% of the building stock) should be in good condition. Use of mainstream forms of renewable energy sources (RES) From a technical point of view, Greece has a rich wind and solar energy potential, which has already attracted market investments, as well as a promising biomass and geothermal potential which however, still remains untapped. Hydro potential is vastly exploited but a further exploitation of several new large hydro plants together with a limited number of small hydro plants is envisaged. To provide some key facts about the Greek energy mix, it should be mentioned that the contribution of RES to the national energy balance was about 5% in 2008, at the level of total gross inland energy consumption and around 16.3%, at the level of primary energy production. Primary energy produced from RES in 2008 was 1.64 Mtoe. Out of these, 600 ktoe are accounted to the use of biomass in households, 265 ktoe to the use of biomass in industry, 285 ktoe from hydroelectric generation, 193 ktoe from wind energy, 174 ktoe from solar thermal systems, 63 ktoe from biofuels, 35 ktoe from biogas, mainly for electricity generation and 17 ktoe from geothermal energy. In 2010 the large-scale hydroelectric plants (3.060MW) yielded 6,3% and wind energy, small hydro, biomass and photovoltaic combined, appeared on the scene with 2,4% of the total electricity production. The capacity in MW of the RES plants added each year and up to the end of 2009, is given in the table and figure below. Table 1: Growth of the installed capacity of RES plants in the last 10 years Installed electric power capacity MW RES Technology Total Small-Scale hydros Solar Wind Biomass

5 Table 1 and Figure 2 present the growth of the installed capacity of RES plants per technology, indicating that the average growth rate of wind farms and small hydroelectric plants is still approximately 20%, with maximum and minimum growth values occurring usually before and after changes to the institutional framework and the respective supporting schemes Biomass Wind Solar Small-Scale hydros MW Years Figure 2. Aggregate installed capacity of RES power (source: HTSO, September 2009) The electric power generated using ordinary RES in Greece (exclusive of large-scale hydroelectric plants) represented 4.3% of the gross domestic electric energy consumption in It comes mainly from wind farms and small-scale hydroelectric plants, and less from biomass/biogas and photovoltaic farms. On the basis of available information collected up to September 2009, it seems that the installed capacity of photovoltaic farms is getting higher and higher, whereas the relevant high growth rate (200% by the quarter of 2009) is expected to remain unchanged until it is settled at lower rate values possibly after Also including the energy from large-scale hydroelectric plants, the electric power generated from RES in 2008 represented 10.3% of the gross domestic electric energy consumption. The respective installed capacity of RES plants in the same year was MW. More specifically, the installed capacity of wind farms raised from 27 MW in 1997 to MW at the end of The installed capacity of small-scale hydroelectric plants increased from 43 MW in 1997 (all of them operated by PPC) to 158 MW at the end of Finally, the installed capacity of the power plant using biogas from the Thessalonica landfill raised by 5 MW and that of the power plant using biogas from waste water in Liosia raised by 9.7 MW, thus leading to a total electric power capacity, including Psytalleia, of 29.6 and 10.4 MW, respectively. The electric power generated by RES in 2008 reached approximately 6.6 TWh, broken down as follows: 5

6 63.2% from hydroelectric plants (4 149 GWh); 34.1% from wind farms (2 242 GWh); 2.6% from biogas (171 GWh); there was also a limited amount of electric power generated by photovoltaic farms, i.e. 5 GWh (0.1%). The gross electric energy consumption in the same year was 63.7 TWh. In Greece there are two factories producing bio-fuel (bio-diesel). In Kilkis-ELBY with annual production capacity tonnes and in Volos by ELINOIL of the same annual capacity. Statistical data collected in the last five years show a fluctuation in the share of RES in the generation of electric power from 7% to 13%, with the power generated from other RES (mainly wind farms) rising steadily from 15% to 43% and the power generated by large-scale hydroelectric plants dropping significantly, mainly in 2008, due to draught, mainly because largescale hydroelectric plants in Greece (using dams almost in all cases) are used primarily for demand peaks and their production is dependent on the amount of available water in the dams. The targets set within the RES roadmap until 2020, call for strategies elaboration which serve the simultaneous fulfilment of the obligations and the boost of the Greek economy in terms of green development and competitiveness of the Greek market. Towards this direction the new law 3851/2010 Accelerating the development of Renewable Energy Sources to deal with climate change and other regulations in topics under the authority of the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change, amends significant provisions of the currently applicable legislation, aiming to assist towards the simplification of the licensing procedure, the rationalization of the feed-in-tariff scheme, to tackle specific barriers at local level, as well as to establish specific regulations for the use of RES in buildings in accordance with the recently released Energy Performance of Buildings Regulation - KENAK (OJ 407/B/2010). Additionally, L3851/2010 sets specific targets for 2020 regarding the share of RES in final energy consumption, electricity production and contribution in heating, cooling and transport. CRES and Fraunhofer Institute developed two energy demand scenarios for Greece based on two different targets. For CRES the target of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption in 2020 is 20.4% and for Fraunhofer 20.2%. In figure 3, the installed capacity of the different RES technologies for electricity production up to 2020 based on the scenarios of CRES and Fraunhofer are compared. The projected installed capacity and electricity production from the different RES technologies is presented in figure 4 for CRES scenario. It is obvious that a steady-state growth of all the considered RES technologies and the gradual shift towards specific ones along with the technology advancements and the cost reduction per technology for electricity production is highly important for achieving the aforementioned targets. In order to meet the RES Heat and Cooling target the contribution of different technologies is presented in figure 5, which leads to a final share of 20,2% RES in heating and cooling. 6

7 Figure 3. Estimated installed capacity of the different RES technologies for electricity production until 2020 based on the scenarios of CRES and Fraunhofer MW wind photovoltaic small hydro biomass CSP Geothermal Figure 4. Estimated installed capacity of the different RES technologies for electricity production until 2020 (CRES) 7

8 geothermal sol ar biomass heat pumps 800 ktoe Figure 5. Estimated contribution of the different RES technologies for heating and cooling until 2020 (CRES) Higher penetration of RES in the electricity generation will be achieved through a coordination and implementation of fiscal, regulatory, Special Physical Planning Framework for the development of RES and land management (SPPF-RES) and technical measures that are targeted to exploit the technical potential for development of large RES plants, to complete the necessary grid infrastructure works, to work towards the establishment of a distributed power generation structure in the planning of the new power plants and to facilitate the gradual decommissioning of the old and outdated thermal power plants. In spite of existing economic recession, the new development law recently in action is expected to stimulate more the market of RES through various incentives and mostly the fiscal releases on pre-taxed incomes for a certain period (6 years for existing entities and 8 years for new entities). Use of geothermal energy The geological structure of Greece favours the existing of hot water or steam in economic exploitable depths in many regions characterized by geological recent volcanic activity. Such areas are St. Theodoros (Sousaki), Aegina, Methana, Milos, Santorini, Nisyros, South Kos, Patmos, New Lichades, Mikrothives, the basin of Aridaia and the highlands around and the region northern of Kilkis. Certified and significant geothermal potential of temperature higher than 300 C has been investigated and located in the islands Milos and Nisyros. In all the rest areas of Greece the geothermal potential remain not investigated so far. There is also some strong evidence for existing geothermal wells of temperature C in depths 2-4 km under the sedimentary basins of Central Macedonia, Eastern Macedonia, Thrace and Sperchios River as well as in Sousaki. After using of reliable geo-thermometers in the Delta of Nestos and in the islands of Samothrace, Chios, Lesvos and Santorini are expected still higher 8

9 temperatures. The geothermal potential of Milos island is accounted for 150 MWe and it is considered capable to cover all the local needs for electricity generation and heating/cooling (both for the residents and the local mining industry). Under the condition of the electrical connection of Milos island with the regional grid of Cyclades and then with the continental country s grid through a submarine cable (when completed), the island will be able to serve all the energy needs of Cyclades and contribute also to the country s energy supply injecting further energy in the central country s grid. The geothermal potential of Nisyros is estimated in 50 MWe, which suffices for the electrification of Nisyros and also Kos. It should be also stressed that today the electrification of these islands is performed through conventional thermal stations using diesel as fuel, overloading the economic results of PPC. Nevertheless, the previous efforts of PPC for developing the geothermal potential of Milos island for electricity generation failed resulting in not existing geothermal electricity generation units in the country. Based on existing evidences, the installation of 20 units between MWe/unit could be set as primary medium term objective and MWe as long-term one for the entire country. For exploitation of this geothermal potential, systematic geothermal research is required by using suitable infrastructure and equipment not currently available, in order to open drillings in depths 2-4 km aiming at geothermal wells investigation with temperatures more than 150 C. With regard to Geothermal heating, all the direct heat applications in operation, as of 31 May 2009, are presented in the Table 1, whereas the Table 2 offers a summary of the direct uses in the country. The estimated installed capacity in May 2009 reached 135 MWt, exhibiting an 80% increase compared with the capacity reported for the end of 2004 in the World Geothermal Congress 2005 (Fytikas, et al, 2005). While the first half of the present decade was characterized by a diversification of direct applications with new uses, such as aquaculture, spirulina production, outdoor pool heating, water desalination and fruit and vegetable dehydration, the main characteristic during the past few years shows a rapid expansion of geo-source heat pump systems (GSHP). In fact, the increase in the installed capacity reported here can be attributed solely to GSHP. All other applications show only a small increase in the installed capacity. The use of geothermal energy for space heating is applied only in few buildings (i.e. houses, hotels, schools and spa centres) as seen in the Table 1. The installed capacity of the spaceheating units in the country has been estimated to be a little higher than 1.5 MWt. Agriculture is another significant field of geothermal use in Greece. Greenhouse and soil heating represent this use. The first geothermal greenhouses in Greece were constructed in the early 1980s in Northern Greece. The vast majority (79%) of the geothermal waters used in greenhouse heating has a temperature less than 60ºC. Almost 21 ha of glass and plastic-covered greenhouses were heated with geothermal waters during the winter Another representative example of 9

10 rural cultivation by using geothermal energy is the Spirulina which is a photosynthesizing cyanophyte (blue-green algae) growing in strong sunshine under high temperatures and highly alkaline conditions. Mass cultivation of spirulina is usually carried out in shallow ponds, equipped with paddle wheels to mix the culture. It shows an optimum growth between 35º and 37ºC and is now cultivated around the year in 8 shallow raceway ponds made of concrete. Each pond occupies an area of 225 m2 and can hold about 40 m3 of water. Smaller ponds are used for the initial stages of the algal production. All the cultivation ponds are situated in a greenhouse, covered by polyethylene foil. Aquaculture is another significant direct use of geothermal energy, utilizing very low-temperature geothermal waters. Geothermal aquaculture projects have been in operation in Greece since the late 1990s and deal with cultivation of spirulina and with heating of fish wintering ponds. Especially in the 2nd case of heating ponds, the use of geothermal energy in the fish farms proved indispensable during the heavy frosts in the and winter periods as averted a massive reduction of the fish population that occurred in other farms. The installed thermal capacity of the two installations in Northern Greece exceeds 8.5 MWt. It is estimated that both investments were repaid during the first three years of operations.. Regarding bathing and spas, there are more than 60 thermal spas and bathing centres operating in Greece today. The majority of these centres are state-owned (or owned by municipalities) but only two of these centres are heated with geothermal waters. A conservative estimation of the total thermal capacity of the Greek spa resorts is MWt, with a mean load factor of These figures include the open and closed pools heated by geothermal waters. Geothermal energy has also been used for industrial uses. The first tomato dehydration unit worldwide has been operating since 2001 in the geothermal field of N. Erasmio in the region of Xanthi (Thrace). The unit uses low-salinity geothermal water (with a temperature of 60 C) to heat atmospheric air to C in finned tube air heater coils. In fact, the plant uses the same geothermal well that during winter provides geothermal water for asparagus cultivation. Geothermal heat pumps are an established and reliable technology which provides high quality indoor comfort. They result in energy savings by 30% compared to air cooled units. The lower CO 2 that are succeeded contribute to environmental protection, sustainable energy development and fighting the climate change. The use of geothermal heat pumps in Greece is not as widespread as in some other countries, especially in Central and Northern Europe. However, this situation has been changing in the past 2-3 years with an impressive increase in the number of systems installed. In the last years, more than 360 applications of GSHP systems have been recorded in Greece with a total installed capacity of more than 33 MWt. Precise numbers for these installations are hard to estimate due to lack of any official statistics. Thus, conservative estimates can raise the above number at 50 MWt. The following table summarizes the distribution of the systems installed as small systems (<100 kwt) and as large ones (>100 kwt) and classifies them according to the type of heat exchanger (closed-loop horizontal, closed-loop vertical and openloop). 10

11 Table 2: Summary table of geothermal direct heat uses (as of 30 November 2009) 1) Installed Capacity (thermal power) (MWt) = Max. flow rate (kg/s) x [inlet temp. ( o C) - outlet temp. ( o C)] x or = Max. flow rate (kg/s) x [inlet enthalpy (kj/kg) - outlet enthalpy (kj/kg)] x ) Annual Energy Use (TJ/yr) = Ave. flow rate (kg/s) x [inlet temp. ( o C - outlet temp. ( o C)] x (TJ = 1012 J) or = Ave. flow rate (kg/s) x [inlet enthalpy (kj/kg) - outlet enthalpy (kj/kg) x ) Capacity Factor = [Annual Energy Use (TJ/yr)/Capacity (MWt)] x ( MW = 106 W) 4) Other than heat pumps 5) Includes drying or dehydration of grains, fruits and vegetables 7) Includes balneology Note: the capacity factor must be 1.00 and is usually less, since projects don t operate at 100% capacity all year Table 2a: Characteristics of recorded geothermal heat pump applications (as of November 2009) Regulations and incentive programmes supporting GE exploitation In the last years, the aim of the Greek state was to promote the independent power production with simultaneous emerging the indigenous RES exploitation and co-generation. The main promotion schemes for RES-E are based on Law 2244/1994 (feed in tariff), Laws 2773/1999 (liberalisation), 3468/2006, 3734/2009 and on the recently enacted law 3851/2010 for the 11

12 acceleration of RES development and other measures to cope with the climate change. In order to streamline this, complying with the European directive 2009/28/EC and under the positive perspectives introduced by the recently enacted Law 3851/ Accelerating the development of Renewable Energy Sources to deal with climate change and other regulations in topics under the authority of the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change, the state attempts to further rationalize the existing feed-in tariff system and the relevant (Power Purchase Agreement-PPA) contracts duration and to provide stronger motivation to other RES investments such as geothermal plants, biomass and biogas plants for which no significant investment interest has been exhibited so far. In addition, this law sets also the following mandatory deadlines for the intermediate stages of the RES licensing procedure: Production license: three (3) months Environmental Terms Approval: four (4) months for stations with a larger impact and two (2) months for projects characterized as low or zero disturbance stations. Terms and Conditions for Access to the Grid: four (4) months Installation License: forty five (45) days To this direction a new useful tool is further supplied by the new law establishing the one stop shop agency governed by the Ministry for the Environment Energy and Climate Change that coordinates all the steps in order to assist the investors in all the spectrum of the licensing procedure. Though, the implementation of Law 3175/2003 for electricity production from high enthalpy geothermal energy and Law 3734/2009 for the co-generation of heat and electricity, a specific legal framework for the installation and use of RES/CHP systems for heating and cooling applications is still missing. Despite the efforts of the last years, the large scale exploitation of Geothermal energy is still remaining small. The legal framework for geothermal energy requires a revision with additional regulations for accelerating the geothermal energy use and for the most effective reduction of the heavy bureaucracy. Currently, an amendment process of the basic geothermal Law (3175/2003) is being under update by replacing of specific articles as well as the establishment of an additional state enactment oriented to geothermal energy use (being as final draft so far), which refers to the own use of heating and cooling applications that exploit the shallow geothermal fields (i.e. groundwater and surface water that are not characterized as geothermal potential). Since the stimulating measures of RES are concerned, the primary focus of the Greek government for the promotion of the electricity generation is to set an effective feed-in tariff scheme depending on the type of the applied technology and in accordance with the obligation by the Public Power Company (PPC) to buy the electricity on the basis of RES priority. In line with the vast majority of the other RES types, the geothermal energy involves the high investment costs and relatively low labour costs. In that respect, the electricity derived by the geothermal energy is subsidized by a rate that varies from 9.95 to 15 cent/kwh. Within the framework of the current Law, PPAs are also valid for 20 years (instead of 10 plus10 years) for all RES units. The PPA duration may be extended after a bilateral agreement (Operator- 12

13 Producer) provided that the relevant generation license is still valid. A financial support mechanism for private investments already established for years was the 1 st Investment Law 2601/1998 which replaced by the Law 3299/2004 Incentives for private investments for economic development and regional convergence and its amendment 3522/2006 expired in February, All the past Investment Laws provisions concerned either capital investment subsidies or tax rebates while it should be stressed that the use of heating and cooling systems was only supported by a set of financial instruments. Even now there is no regulatory support scheme (referring to targets or obligations) for the use of such systems. At present, the new Investment Law 3908/2011 recently in force replaced the last version reflecting the new trends of RES market. The current law combines a bundle of financial incentives such as: 1. Tax releases on the pre taxed profits, 6 years for existing enterprises and 8 years for new enterprises. 2. Selected capital investment subsidies under established terms and conditions. 3. Subsidies in leasing depending on the development target of each enterprise. At the same time, SSF (Special Support Fund) is expected to play key role in RES market supplying direct guarantee of liquidity by issuing favourable and low rated loans for the enterprises that will invest. The Special Support Fund (- ETEAN- former Guarantee Fund for Small and Very Small Enterprises) will constitute a Special Support Fund for the SMEs but also for the innovative enterprises. With regard to RES-Heat, there is no law regulation on the exploitation of groundwater so far. There is a Law considering geological researches, but there is no defined Law on the exploitation of groundwater. Thermal energy is used in very small amount in SPA s and for green houses heating and apart usual taxes and refund there is no other benefit for the country. In pursuit of the accomplishment of the National Renewable Energy Action Plan and the target, specific national energy policies has been developed establishing new financial incentives for building s energy saving including all the new technologies for heat production such as geothermal heat pumps, biomass etc., along with the implementation of all the technical measures that are described in the Energy Performance of Buildings Regulation, aiming to achieve significant energy savings. The validated building s energy efficiency regulation (KENAK) is expected to act as the main propellant tool by using RES and EE systems for heating and cooling in the tertiary and residential sector. In addition, the development of specific policies and financial support instruments will further foster the application of such systems also in the industry and in the agricultural sector. Furthermore, the successful implementation of energy saving measures in the end-use along with the development of new market mechanisms (i.e. ESCOs) for both the public and private sector are to be proved essential in order to achieve the projected RES share in heating and cooling. In Greece there is a lack of labelling schemes, standards, procedures and technical guidelines for 13

14 the GE exploitation which are in the area already established in the EU. There is also a lack of rules and regulations for the design, construction, control, and assembly / installation of devices that use the RES, and a lack of accredited laboratories certificate power plants using RES. 14

15 Annex 1: overview on the main Best Practices (BP) Best practice 1 Hotel Amalia in Nea Tirintha, Peloponnesus Hotel "Amalia" with a total area of 8,980 m 2 is located in Nea Tirintha near Nauplio in Peloponnesus, Greece. The building was totally renovated during the years and is heated and cooled by an open-loop heat pump system. The heating/cooling distribution system into the building consists of fan-coil units (floor standing type). The building heating and cooling loads are 704 kwth and 566 kwc respectively. The GSHP system consists of two subsaline groundwater supplying wells (60m depth each one) and two reinjection wells (60 m depth each one), two titanium heat exchangers and two electric water source heat pumps placed in cascade. The two heat pump units, HP1 (of 352 kw nominal capacity) and HP2 (of 352 kw nominal capacity), are both water-to-water type and operate in bivalent mode with electric energy, for heating and cooling purpose as well. Both heat pumps use R407C as refrigerant. At the groundsource side of the heat pumps the supply/return temperatures for cooling are 22/26 C (HP1) and 25/29 C (HP2). For heating the supply/return temperatures are 12/8 C (HP1) and 8/4 C (HP2). The operating points for heating are 40 C and for cooling 7 C. In addition, hot water is supplied to the building by an oil boiler. Compared to a conventional system, the geothermal system offers 70.5% energy saving and 67.4% cost saving. The following techno-economic information for this system is briefly given here below. Technical data Expected SPF (heating): 4.54 Expected SEER (cooling): 3.65 Economic Efficiency Simple Pay-back Period: 4.68 years Total cost savings: 105,081 Expected life-time of the system: 30 years Environmental Impact Total CO 2 savings: 323,328 kg CO 2 The results have been positive in all respects: the operating cost, the required maintenance, the total independence from traditional fuels and the operation continuity. Best practice 2 Bioclimatic office building of CRES in Pikermi, Attiki The bioclimatic and low-energy consuming office building (total net area 428 m 2 ) of CRES was designed and constructed as a demonstration building which uses various RES technologies and energy saving techniques. Among RES technologies used in the building, the geothermal water-to-water heat pump operates 15

16 in bivalent mode and covers about 21% of heating and 15% of cooling loads of the building. The unit utilises groundwater from two wells ~80m deep each, located North and South of the building. The heating and cooling capacity of the aforementioned system is Pth=17.5kW and Pc=16kW respectively. Through the application of the geothermal heat pump system a significant energy saving (over 50%) is succeeded, compared to the conventional means of heating/cooling/hot water. In addition, the primary energy savings compared to the conventional means (e.g. natural gas) is 30-40%, while there is a similar avoidance of emission of air pollutants (e.g. carbon dioxide). According to the calculations the following results are to be achieved. Technical data Expected COP (heating): 4.2 Expected COP (cooling): Economic Efficiency Simple Pay-back Period: 9.1 years Expected life-time of the system: 30 years More info can be found here: Best practice 3 Two-family house in Pikermi, Attiki The residence is located in the centre of Pikermi, Attiki. It is well insulated with the use of synthetic windows with double glass and Argon gas in-between. The building heating and cooling loads are 8.7 kwth and 6.8 kwc respectively. The only heating and cooling system of the residence is a 8.7kW geothermal heat pump with water wells (open loop). The heat pump feeds the under-floor system with warm or cold water for heating or cooling accordingly. Two extra ceiling (built-in) dehumidifiers are placed in the two floors of the residence (each in every floor). The dehumidifiers are used only in cooling mode during summer, are commanded by a wall humidity sensor and dry the air when needed, thus operating complementary to the floor-cooling. These dehumidifiers are water chilled with the under-floor water. Apart from the dehumidification, they also provide extra cooled air, to give a cooling boost to the under-floor cooling system in cases of heat waves days. Through the application of the geothermal heat pump system a significant energy saving (over 50%) is succeeded, compared to the conventional means of heating/cooling/hot water. In addition, the primary energy savings compared to the conventional means (e.g. natural gas) is 30-40%, while there is a similar avoidance of emission of air pollutants (e.g. carbon dioxide). Apart from the total independence from traditional fuels, and operation continuity, no other financial results have been concluded due to recent start-up of the installation (April 2010). According to calculations, the expected savings are approx. 73% in comparison to oil boiler (80 16

17 geo vs. 300 oil monthly). The following indicative information is available by now. Technical data Expected COP (heating): 5.8 Expected COP (cooling): 6.1 Expected SPF (heating): 4.77 Expected SEER (cooling): 3.65 Economic Efficiency Simple Pay-back Period: 10 years Expected life-time of the system: 30 years Best practice 4 Town Hall in Pylaia, Thessaloniki The office building of total area 2,500m 2 with 3 storeys is situated in Pylaia, Thessaloniki. The office building was constructed in The geothermal system comprising Borehole Heat Exchangers was installed in 2002 in order to cover totally its heating/cooling loads. The heating/cooling distribution system into the building consists of fan-coil units (FCU) and an air handling unit. There are also a diesel boiler and a cooling tower as back up. The eleven (11) ground heat pumps (water-to-water) operate in bivalent -heating and cooling- mode with electric energy and are fed by water circulating in a field of ground heat exchangers comprising 21 wells, 80 meters deep. The geothermal heat pump system operates with the use of borehole heat exchangers and uses de-ionized water. The heat pumps use R22 as refrigerant. The system -both for heating & cooling mode- uses the ground as heat source or sink. The heating and cooling capacity of the geothermal system is Pth=265kW/Pc=280kW. Through the application of the geothermal heat pump system a significant energy saving (over 50%) is succeeded, compared to the conventional means of heating/cooling/hot water. In addition, the primary energy savings compared to the conventional means (e.g. natural gas) is 30-40%, while there is a similar avoidance of emission of air pollutants (e.g. carbon dioxide). The following indicative information is available by now. Technical data Expected COP (heating): Expected COP (cooling): Economic Efficiency Simple Pay-back Period: 0,8 years Expected life-time of the system: 30 years Best practice 5 Greenhouse near Antwerp The semi-closed greenhouse has a net area of 13,500 m². The air handling unit conditioning the 17

18 greenhouse is coupled to an Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage with a maximum flow rate of 80m³/h, a ground source heat pump and an oil boiler. The electric water-to-water heat pump has a heating capacity of 824 kw. This is a specific application of a ground coupled heat pump system. Regular greenhouses are designed to be opened in summer during overheating. In practice, overheating is minimized by introducing a cooling system into the greenhouse. A heat pump is used, combined with a ground source open loop system. During winter, the heat pump tries to cover the heating demand of the greenhouse. The cold at the evaporator is stored into the cold well. This 'stored' cold is used during summer to cool down the greenhouse. If necessary, the heat pump can deliver additional cold, while the heat will be stored into the warm well. The two wells have a depth of 140m each and a distance of 200m between the warm and the cold one. The Technical data is available below. Expected SPF (heating): 5 Expected SEER (cooling): 9-40 In addition, the reduction of carbon dioxide emission is 34% compared to reference. For more information, view Best practice 6 One-family house in Ohlsdorf The total heated area of the building is 189 m 2. The installation is operated using no backup heating system and is connected to the heat distribution system without buffer storage. During design of the installation the maximum supply temperature was set at 35 C and the return temperature was set at 30 C. The heat supply system is designed as floor heating with a heated area of 154 m2. A direct expansion water-to-water heat pump was installed. The heat pump is filled with 3.8kg of the refrigerant R290 (Propane) and operates with a reciprocating compressor. The heat pump is equipped with a frequency converter and can be run on two capacity levels. The heat pump has a heating capacity of 7 kw in step 1 and 14 kw in step 2 at the operation point S4/W35. The heat source is a flat collector (horizontal) with an area of 270 m 2. The domestic hot water is heated by a separate air-to-water heat pump which uses the air of the surrounding air in the cellar. The following indicative information is available by now. Technical data Expected SPF (heating): 4.1 Primary energy savings 9,324 kwh/a (60%, compared to a gas boiler) 10,230 kwh (62%, compared to an oil boiler). Economic Efficiency Simple Pay-back Period: 4.68 years Total cost savings: 105,081 18

19 Expected life-time of the system: 30 years Environmental Impact Total CO 2 savings: 33 tn CO 2 (compared to gas boiler) / 55 tn CO 2 (compared to oil boiler) Best practice 7 University building of the Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal EST Setúbal is an engineering school which belongs to the Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal. EST Setúbal was built in The floor that is being acclimatized with GSHP is a ground floor, which has 11 office rooms, 5 class rooms and one thermodynamic laboratory where the GSHP are installed. 220 m 2 of that ground floor (103 m 2 of office rooms and 117 m 2 of classrooms) are cooled and heated by GSHP. The design outdoor/ indoor temperature are respectively 3,5ºC/20ºC in winter, and 32ºC/25ºC in summer. The ground floor of EST Setúbal requires 10,560 kwh of heating and 7,040 kwh of cooling, per year, and for the design area the heating and cooling peak loads are 15.8 kw and 11.4 kw respectively. The distribution system consists of fan-coils with two tubes with the supply/return temperatures 7ºC/12ºC for summer, and 45ºC/40ºC for winter. Through the application of the geothermal heat pump system a significant energy savings (over 50%) are achieved, compared to the conventional means of heating/cooling/hot water. In addition, the primary energy savings compared to the conventional means (e.g. natural gas) is 30-40%, while there is a similar avoidance of emission of air pollutants (e.g. carbon dioxide). Technical data Expected COP (heating): > 5.5 Expected COP (cooling): > 4.5 Expected EER (cooling): >15.35 F or more information, view Best practice 8 AB Green Store in Stamata, Attiki The innovative AB Green Store is 1,200 m 2 and more information is provided here. Through the application of the geothermal heat pump system a significant energy saving (over 50%) is succeeded, compared to the conventional means of heating/cooling/hot water. In addition, the primary energy savings compared to the conventional means (e.g. natural gas) is 30-40%, while there is a similar avoidance of emission of air pollutants (e.g. carbon dioxide). 19

20 ANNEX Attached BP Forms 20

21 Geothermal energy to address energy performance strategies in residential and industrial buildings GEO.POWER Best practice form Title of the best practice Hotel "Amalia" in Nea Tirintha Location where the BP was developed Nea Tirintha, Greece Field of application the best practice Please thick the relevant box activities Please provide also links to the relevant internet websites innovative and demonstrative approach added value Please shortly explain why do you find these activities as best practices? private buildings &housing sector public building industry & SMEs sector agriculture cross-cutting field (Hotel) Hotel "Amalia" with a total area of 8,980 m 2 is located in Nea Tirintha near Nauplio in Peloponese, Greece. The building was totally renovated during the years and is heated and cooled by an open-loop heat pump system. The heating/cooling distribution system into the building consists of fan-coil units (floor standing type). The building heating and cooling loads are 704 kwth and 566 kwc respectively. The GSHP system consists of two subsaline groundwater supplying wells (60m depth each one) and two reinjection wells (60m depth each one), two titanium heat exchangers and two electric water source heat pumps placed in cascade. The two heat pump units, HP1 (of 352 kw nominal capacity) and HP2 (of 352 kw nominal capacity), are both water-to-water type and operate in bivalent mode with electric energy, for heating and cooling purpose as well. Both heat pumps use R407C as refrigerant. At the ground-source side of the heat pumps the supply/return temperatures for cooling are 22/26 C (HP1) and 25/29 C (HP2). For heating the supply/return temperatures are 12/8 C (HP1) and 8/4 C (HP2). The operating points for heating are 40 C and for cooling 7 C. In addition, hot water is supplied to the building by an oil boiler. After two years ( ) the adopted technological choices in the Hotel "Amalia" have allowed important energy and economical savings. Compared to a conventional system, the geothermal system offers 70.5% energy saving and 67.4% cost saving. The total cost savings are 105,081. In addition, the total CO 2 savings are 323,328 kg CO 2. According to the calculations, simple

22 Coherence of the best practice with the local policy framework and with the national / regional legislation pay-back time is estimated to 4.68 years with an expected life-time of the system of 30 years. The expected SPF (heating) is 4.54, while the expected SEER (cooling) is The results have been positive in all respects: the operating cost, the required maintenance, the total independence from traditional fuels and the operation continuity. In Greece, GSHP permits are governed by Decision Δ9B,Δ/Φ166/OIK13068/ΓΔΦΠ 2488 (Government Gazette 1249/ ), which facilitates the application of this technology. background What were the reasons for best practice development? Actors involved in the best practice development Please shortly describe who participated in the development process Principal stakeholders that benefit from the GCHP application Geothermal heat pumps are an established and reliable technology which provides high quality indoor comfort. They result in energy savings by 30% compared to air cooled units. The lower CO 2 that are succeeded contribute to environmental protection, sustainable energy development and fighting the climate change. The actors involved in the best practice development are ERGON (equipment) and EdafoDrill (drilling). Principal stakeholders that benefit from the GCHP application are energy managers, engineers, technicians, architects, manufacturers of equipment, installers and geotechnicians. Source of financing of the best practice Please thick the relevant box Transferability of the best practice Please assess the replication potential of the best practice EU funding (explain which) national / government funding regional funding venture funds private investment other (explain which) The geothermal heat pump market is expanding worldwide during the last 15 years with stably very high rates over 25% per year. Worldwide there are already 2,000,000 (22,000 MWth) GCHP installed, with 225,000 units being installed every year in the EU-27 and with a prediction that in the next years the annual increase will be units. According to the European Geothermal Energy Council (EGEC), in the year 2020 there will be 2,837,000 installed units in the EU-27. The increase of the installation of the units during the next years is guaranteed by the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), Energy for a changing world-energy Policy for Europe 2020, the SET-PLAN (On Investing in the Development of Low Carbon Technologies) and is also verified from the ETP-RHC (European Technology Platform for Renewable Heating & Cooling).

23 Geothermal energy to address energy performance strategies in residential and industrial buildings GEO.POWER Best practice form Title of the best practice Bioclimatic office building of CRES. Location where the BP was developed Pikermi, Greece. Field of application the best practice Please thick the relevant box activities Please provide also links to the relevant internet websites innovative and demonstrative approach added value Please shortly explain why do you find these activities as best practices? private buildings &housing sector public building industry & SMEs sector agriculture cross-cutting field (explain why) The bioclimatic and low-energy consuming office building (total net area 428m 2 ) of CRES was designed and constructed as a demonstration building which uses various RES technologies and energy saving techniques. Among RES technologies used in the building, the geothermal water-to-water heat pump operates in bivalent mode and covers about 21% of heating and 15% of cooling loads of the building. The unit utilises groundwater from two wells ~80m deep each, located North and South of the building building. The heating and cooling capacity of the aforementioned system is P th =17.5kW and P c =16kW respectively. Through the application of the geothermal heat pump system a significant energy saving (over 50%) is succeeded, compared to the conventional means of heating/cooling/hot water. In addition, the primary energy savings compared to the conventional means (e.g. natural gas) is 30-40%, while there is a similar avoidance of emission of air pollutants (e.g. carbon dioxide). According to the calculations, simple pay-back time of the investment is estimated to 9,1 years with an expected lifetime of the system of 30 years. The expected COP heating is 4.2, while the measured COP cooling is

24 Coherence of the best practice with the local policy framework and with the national / regional legislation In Greece, GSHP permits are governed by Decision Δ9B,Δ/Φ166/OIK13068/ΓΔΦΠ 2488 (Government Gazette 1249/ ), which facilitates the application of this technology. background What were the reasons for best practice development? Actors involved in the best practice development Please shortly describe who participated in the development process Principal stakeholders that benefit from the GCHP application Geothermal heat pumps are an established and reliable technology which provides high quality indoor comfort. They result in energy savings by 30% compared to air cooled units. The lower CO 2 that are succeeded contribute to environmental protection, sustainable energy development and fighting the climate change. The actors involved in the best practice development are CRES (installer, engineer, designer), Trane Hellas SA (equipment) and a local driller. Principal stakeholders that benefit from the GCHP application are energy managers, engineers, technicians, architects, manufacturers of equipment, installers and geotechnicians. Source of financing of the best practice Please thick the relevant box Transferability of the best practice Please assess the replication potential of the best practice EU funding (explain which) national / government funding regional funding venture funds private investment other (explain which) The geothermal heat pump market is expanding worldwide during the last 15 years with stably very high rates over 25% per year. Worldwide there are already 2,000,000 (22,000 MWth) GCHP installed, with 225,000 units being installed every year in the EU-27 and with a prediction that in the next years the annual increase will be units. According to the European Geothermal Energy Council (EGEC), in the year 2020 there will be 2,837,000 installed units in the EU-27. The increase of the installation of the units during the next years is guaranteed by the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), Energy for a changing world-energy Policy for Europe 2020, the SET-PLAN (On Investing in the Development of Low Carbon Technologies) and is also verified from the ETP-RHC (European Technology Platform for Renewable Heating & Cooling).

25 Geothermal energy to address energy performance strategies in residential and industrial buildings GEO.POWER Best practice form Title of the best practice Two-family house in Pikermi Location where the BP was developed Pikermi, Greece Field of application the best practice Please thick the relevant box activities Please provide also links to the relevant internet websites innovative and demonstrative approach added value Please shortly explain why do you find these activities as best practices? private buildings &housing sector public building industry & SMEs sector agriculture cross-cutting field (explain why) The residence is located in the centre of Pikermi, Attiki. It is well insulated with the use of synthetic windows with double glass and Argon gas in-between. The building heating and cooling loads are 8.7 kwth and 6.8 kwc respectively. The only heating and cooling system of the residence is a 8.7kW geothermal heat pump with water wells (open loop). The heat pump feeds the under-floor system with warm or cold water for heating or cooling accordingly. Two extra ceiling (built-in) dehumidifiers are placed in the two floors of the residence (each in every floor). The dehumidifiers are used only in cooling mode during summer, are commanded by a wall humidity sensor and dry the air when needed, thus operating complementary to the floor-cooling. These dehumidifiers are water chilled with the under-floor water. Apart from the dehumidification, they also provide extra cooled air, to give a cooling boost to the under-floor cooling system in cases of heat waves days. Through the application of the geothermal heat pump system a significant energy saving (over 50%) is succeeded, compared to the conventional means of heating/cooling/hot water. In addition, the primary energy savings compared to the conventional means (e.g. natural gas) is 30-40%, while there is a similar avoidance of emission of air pollutants (e.g. carbon dioxide). Apart from the total independence from traditional fuels, and operation continuity, no other financial results have been concluded due to recent start-up of the installation (April 2010). According to calculations, the expected savings are approx. 73% in comparison to oil boiler (80

26 geo vs. 300 oil monthly), while the simple pay-back time is estimated to 10 years with an expected life-time of the system of 30 years. The expected COP (heating) is 5.8, the expected EER (cooling) is 6.1 and the expected SPF (heating) is 4.77, while the expected SEER (cooling) is Coherence of the best practice with the local policy framework and with the national / regional legislation In Greece, GSHP permits are governed by Decision Δ9B,Δ/Φ166/OIK13068/ΓΔΦΠ 2488 (Government Gazette 1249/ ), which facilitates the application of this technology. background What were the reasons for best practice development? Actors involved in the best practice development Please shortly describe who participated in the development process Principal stakeholders that benefit from the GCHP application Geothermal heat pumps are an established and reliable technology which provides high quality indoor comfort. They result in energy savings by 30% compared to air cooled units. The lower CO 2 that are succeeded contribute to environmental protection, sustainable energy development and fighting the climate change. The actors involved in the best practice development are a private installer, private engineer and a local driller. Principal stakeholders that benefit from the GCHP application are energy managers, engineers, technicians, architects, manufacturers of equipment, installers and geotechnicians. Source of financing of the best practice Please thick the relevant box Transferability of the best practice Please assess the replication potential of the best practice EU funding (explain which) national / government funding regional funding venture funds private investment other (explain which) The geothermal heat pump market is expanding worldwide during the last 15 years with stably very high rates over 25% per year. Worldwide there are already 2,000,000 (22,000 MWth) GCHP installed, with 225,000 units being installed every year in the EU-27 and with a prediction that in the next years the annual increase will be units. According to the European Geothermal Energy Council (EGEC), in the year 2020 there will be 2,837,000 installed units in the EU-27. The increase of the installation of the units during the next years is guaranteed by the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), Energy for a changing world-energy Policy for Europe 2020, the SET-PLAN (On Investing in the Development of Low Carbon Technologies) and is also verified from the ETP-RHC (European Technology Platform for Renewable Heating & Cooling).

27 Geothermal energy to address energy performance strategies in residential and industrial buildings GEO.POWER Best practice form Title of the best practice Town Hall of Pylaia Location where the BP was developed Thessaloniki, Greece Field of application the best practice Please thick the relevant box activities Please provide also links to the relevant internet websites innovative and demonstrative approach added value Please shortly explain why do you find these activities as best practices? private buildings &housing sector public building industry & SMEs sector agriculture cross-cutting field (explain why) The office building of total area 2,500m 2 with 3 storeys is situated in Pylaia, Thessaloniki. The office building was constructed in The geothermal system comprising Borehole Heat Exchangers was installed in 2002 in order to cover totally its heating/cooling loads. The heating/cooling distribution system into the building consists of fan-coil units (FCU) and an air handling unit. There are also a diesel boiler and a cooling tower as back up. The eleven (11) ground heat pumps (water-to-water) operate in bivalent -heating and cooling- mode with electric energy and are fed by water circulating in a field of ground heat exchangers comprising 21 wells, 80 meters deep. The geothermal heat pump system operates with the use of borehole heat exchangers and uses de-ionized water. The heat pumps use R22 as refrigerant. The system -both for heating & cooling mode- uses the ground as heat source or sink. The heating and cooling capacity of the geothermal system is Pth=265kW/Pc=280kW. Through the application of the geothermal heat pump system a significant energy saving (over 50%) is succeeded, compared to the conventional means of heating/cooling/hot water. In addition, the primary energy savings compared to the conventional means (e.g. natural gas) is 30-40%, while there is a similar avoidance of emission of air pollutants (e.g. carbon dioxide). According to the calculations, simple pay-back time is estimated to 0,8 years with an expected life-time of the system of 30 years. The measured COP Heating is , while the measured COP Cooling is

28 Coherence of the best practice with the local policy framework and with the national / regional legislation In Greece, GSHP permits are governed by Decision Δ9B,Δ/Φ166/OIK13068/ΓΔΦΠ 2488 (Government Gazette 1249/ ), which facilitates the application of this technology. background What were the reasons for best practice development? Actors involved in the best practice development Please shortly describe who participated in the development process Principal stakeholders that benefit from the GCHP application Source of financing of the best practice Please thick the relevant box Transferability of the best practice Please assess the replication potential of the best practice Geothermal heat pumps are an established and reliable technology which provides high quality indoor comfort. They result in energy savings by 30% compared to air cooled units. The lower CO 2 that are succeeded contribute to environmental protection, sustainable energy development and fighting the climate change. The actors involved in the best practice development are Municipality of Pylaia, CRES (Centre for Renewable Energy Sources), the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and GEOEREVNA (drilling company). Principal stakeholders that benefit from the GCHP application are energy managers, engineers, technicians, architects, manufacturers of equipment, installers and geotechnicians. EU funding (explain which) national / government funding regional funding venture funds private investment other (explain which) The geothermal heat pump market is expanding worldwide during the last 15 years with stably very high rates over 25% per year. Worldwide there are already 2,000,000 (22,000 MWth) GCHP installed, with 225,000 units being installed every year in the EU-27 and with a prediction that in the next years the annual increase will be units. According to the European Geothermal Energy Council (EGEC), in the year 2020 there will be 2,837,000 installed units in the EU-27. The increase of the installation of the units during the next years is guaranteed by the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), Energy for a changing world-energy Policy for Europe 2020, the SET-PLAN (On Investing in the Development of Low Carbon Technologies) and is also verified from the ETP-RHC (European Technology Platform for Renewable Heating & Cooling).

29 Geothermal energy to address energy performance strategies in residential and industrial buildings GEO.POWER Best practice form Title of the best practice Greenhouse near Antwerp. Location where the BP was developed Near Antwerp, Belgium. Field of application the best practice Please thick the relevant box activities Please provide also links to the relevant internet websites innovative and demonstrative approach added value Please shortly explain why do you find these activities as best practices? private buildings &housing sector public building industry & SMEs sector agriculture cross-cutting field (explain why) The semi-closed greenhouse has a net area of 13,500 m². The air handling unit conditioning the greenhouse is coupled to an Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage with a maximum flow rate of 80m³/h, a ground source heat pump and an oil boiler. The electric water-to-water heat pump has a heating capacity of 824 kw. This is a specific application of a ground coupled heat pump system. Regular greenhouses are designed to be opened in summer during overheating. In this application, the cultivator tries to keep the greenhouse closed as much as possible, so that the CO 2, which is brought into the greenhouse for manuring, stays inside longer. In practice, overheating is minimized by introducing a cooling system into the greenhouse. A heat pump is used, combined with a ground source open loop system. During winter, the heat pump tries to cover the heating demand of the greenhouse. The cold at the evaporator is stored into the cold well. This 'stored' cold is used during summer to cool down the greenhouse. If necessary, the heat pump can deliver additional cold, while the heat will be stored into the warm well. The two wells have a depth of 140m each and a distance of 200m between the warm and the cold one. For more information, view Through the application of the geothermal heat pump system there is considerable reduction in energy costs, compared to a traditional greenhouse installation and an expansion of the season of cultivation. Geothermal cooling is provided at low cost, which gives the opportunity of keeping the greenhouse closed as long as possible, having a positive effect on manuring. In addition, the

30 reduction of carbon dioxide emission is 34% compared to reference. The measured EER (cooling) is 9-40, while the measured SPF (heating) is 5. The average SEER for a combination of free cooling and cooling provided by the reversible heat pump is 18. Coherence of the best practice with the local policy framework and with the national / regional legislation Environmental permit for heat pump and environmental permit for the open loop system (ATES). background What were the reasons for best practice development? Actors involved in the best practice development Please shortly describe who participated in the development process Principal stakeholders that benefit from the GCHP application Geothermal heat pumps are an established and reliable technology which provides high quality indoor comfort. They result in energy savings by 30% compared to air cooled units. The lower CO 2 that are succeeded contribute to environmental protection, sustainable energy development and fighting the climate change. One of the actors involved in the best practice development is VITO - Flemish Institute for Technological Research, with the responsibility of monitoring the groundcoupled heat pump system. Principal stakeholders that benefit from the GCHP application are energy managers, engineers, technicians, architects, manufacturers of equipment, installers and geotechnicians. Source of financing of the best practice Please thick the relevant box Transferability of the best practice Please assess the replication potential of the best practice EU funding (explain which) national / government funding regional funding venture funds private investment other (explain which) The geothermal heat pump market is expanding worldwide during the last 15 years with stably very high rates over 25% per year. Worldwide there are already 2,000,000 (22,000 MWth) GCHP installed, with 225,000 units being installed every year in the EU-27 and with a prediction that in the next years the annual increase will be units. According to the European Geothermal Energy Council (EGEC), in the year 2020 there will be 2,837,000 installed units in the EU-27. The increase of the installation of the units during the next years is guaranteed by the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), Energy for a changing world-energy Policy for Europe 2020, the SET-PLAN (On Investing in the Development of Low Carbon Technologies) and is also verified from the ETP-RHC (European Technology Platform for Renewable Heating & Cooling).

31 Geothermal energy to address energy performance strategies in residential and industrial buildings GEO.POWER Best practice form Title of the best practice One-family house in Ohlsdorf. Location where the BP was developed Ohlsdorf, Austria. Field of application the best practice Please thick the relevant box activities Please provide also links to the relevant internet websites innovative and demonstrative approach added value Please shortly explain why do you find these activities as best practices? private buildings &housing sector public building industry & SMEs sector agriculture cross-cutting field (explain why) The heated area of the building is 189 m 2. The installation is operated using no backup heating system and is connected to the heat distribution system without buffer storage. During design of the installation the maximum supply temperature was set at 35 C and the return temperature was set at 30 C. The heat supply system is designed as floor heating with a heated area of 154 m 2. A direct expansion-to-water heat pump was installed. The heat pump is filled with 3.8kg of the refrigerant R290 (Propane) and operates with a reciprocating compressor. The heat pump is equipped with a frequency converter and can be run on two capacity levels. The heat pump has a heating capacity of 7 kw in step 1 and 14 kw in step 2 at the operation point S4/W35. The heat source is a flat collector (horizontal) with an area of 270 m 2. The flat collector was arranged in six parallel refrigerant circuits with a length of 75 m each. The collector pipes were installed in a depth of 1.2 m under the ground and have a diameter of 12 mm. The specific heat abstraction capacity was 22 W/m 2. The domestic hot water is heated by a separate air-towater heat pump which uses the air of the surrounding air in the cellar. Using this heat pump system CO 2 emissions were reduced by 49 % compared to a gas boiler and by 60 % in comparison to an oil boiler. Over a period of 20 years this would mean a 33 ton reduction of CO 2 emissions in comparison to a gas boiler and a 55 ton reduction in comparison to an oil boiler. The primary energy savings for the buildings heating and

32 Coherence of the best practice with the local policy framework and with the national / regional legislation hot water demands in comparison to a gas boiler are 9,324 kwh/a (60%) and 10,230 kwh (62%) in comparison to an oil boiler. For the primary energy comparison, the electricity was calculated with the emission values of the Austrian electricity-mix as reported by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour in Also, a SPF (heating) of 4.1 (excluding the energy needed for the circulation pump) was calculated. No information available. background What were the reasons for best practice development? Actors involved in the best practice development Please shortly describe who participated in the development process Principal stakeholders that benefit from the GCHP application Geothermal heat pumps are an established and reliable technology which provides high quality indoor comfort. They result in energy savings by 30% compared to air cooled units. The lower CO 2 that are succeeded contribute to environmental protection, sustainable energy development and fighting the climate change. One of the actors involved in the best practice development is Österreichisches Forschungs- und Prüfzentrum Arsenal Ges.m.b.H., which is responsible for the monitoring of the site. Principal stakeholders that benefit from the GCHP application are energy managers, engineers, technicians, architects, manufacturers of equipment, installers and geotechnicians. Source of financing of the best practice Please thick the relevant box Transferability of the best practice Please assess the replication potential of the best practice EU funding (explain which) national / government funding regional funding venture funds private investment other (explain which) The geothermal heat pump market is expanding worldwide during the last 15 years with stably very high rates over 25% per year. Worldwide there are already 2,000,000 (22,000 MWth) GCHP installed, with 225,000 units being installed every year in the EU-27 and with a prediction that in the next years the annual increase will be units. According to the European Geothermal Energy Council (EGEC), in the year 2020 there will be 2,837,000 installed units in the EU-27. The increase of the installation of the units during the next years is guaranteed by the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), Energy for a changing world-energy Policy for Europe 2020, the SET-PLAN (On Investing in the Development of Low Carbon Technologies) and is also verified from the ETP-RHC (European Technology Platform for Renewable Heating & Cooling).

33 Geothermal energy to address energy performance strategies in residential and industrial buildings GEO.POWER Best practice form Title of the best practice University building of the Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal Location where the BP was developed Setúbal, Portugal Field of application the best practice Please thick the relevant box activities Please provide also links to the relevant internet websites innovative and demonstrative approach added value Please shortly explain why do you find these activities as best practices? private buildings &housing sector public building industry & SMEs sector agriculture cross-cutting field (explain why) EST Setúbal is an engineering school which belongs to the Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal. EST Setúbal was built in The floor that is being acclimatized with GSHP is a ground floor, which has 11 office rooms, 5 class rooms and one thermodynamic laboratory where the GSHP are installed. 220 m 2 of that ground floor (103 m 2 of office rooms and 117 m 2 of classrooms) are cooled and heated by GSHP. The design outdoor/ indoor temperature are respectively 3,5ºC/20ºC in winter, and 32ºC/25ºC in summer. The ground floor of EST Setúbal requires 10,560 kwh of heating and 7,040 kwh of cooling, per year, and for the design area the heating and cooling peak loads are 15.8 kw and 11.4 kw respectively. The distribution system consists of fan-coils with two tubes with the supply/return temperatures 7ºC/12ºC for summer, and 45ºC/40ºC for winter. ( Through the application of the geothermal heat pump system a significant energy savings (over 50%) are achieved, compared to the conventional means of heating/cooling/hot water. In addition, the primary energy savings compared to the conventional means (e.g. natural gas) is 30-40%, while there is a similar avoidance of emission of air pollutants (e.g. carbon dioxide). Regarding to the investment cost, the most expensive part of the GSHP system installation was the borehole drilling. The rest of the installation was the same cost as a traditional acclimatization system. However, it is important to mention that this installation was a prototype installation where the monitoring equipment was more

34 comprehensive than for a commercial installation. The measured COP Heating is >5.5, while the measured EER Cooling is >15.35 (COPc>4.5). Coherence of the best practice with the local policy framework and with the national / regional legislation background What were the reasons for best practice development? Actors involved in the best practice development Please shortly describe who participated in the development process Principal stakeholders that benefit from the GCHP application In 2006, Portugal had three main laws describing the best way how to improve energetic efficiency of buildings, with most important being the: "Regulamento dos Sistemas Energéticos de Climatização em Edifícios - RSECE, Decreto Lei n.º 79/2006 de 4 de Abril (4th April 2006)" (Building Acclimatization Energy systems Regulation) - has the purpose of improving the building energy efficiency and reduce the energy consumption, as well as CO 2 emissions from the building sector. Geothermal heat pumps are an established and reliable technology which provides high quality indoor comfort. The result in energy savings by 30% compared to air cooled units. The lower CO 2 that are achieved contribute to environmental protection, sustainable energy development and fighting the climate change. The actors involved in the best practice development are ARVESTE, Grupo Assistecnica (installer), EST Setubal (client) and GeoMinho, Perfurações Geológicas (drilling company). Principal stakeholders that benefit from the GCHP application are energy managers, engineers, technicians, architects, manufacturers of equipment, installers and geotechnicians. Source of financing of the best practice Please thick the relevant box Transferability of the best practice Please assess the replication potential of the best practice EU funding (6 th Framework Programme) national / government funding regional funding venture funds private investment other (explain which) The geothermal heat pump market is expanding worldwide during the last 15 years with stably very high rates over 25% per year. Worldwide there are already 2,000,000 (22,000 MWth) GCHP installed, with 225,000 units being installed every year in the EU-27 and with a prediction that in the next years the annual increase will be units. According to the European Geothermal Energy Council (EGEC), in the year 2020 there will be 2,837,000 installed units in the EU-27. The increase of the installation of the units during the next years is guaranteed by the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), Energy for a changing world-energy Policy for Europe 2020, the SET-PLAN (On Investing in the Development of Low Carbon Technologies) and is also verified from the ETP-RHC (European Technology Platform for Renewable Heating & Cooling).

35 Geothermal energy to address energy performance strategies in residential and industrial buildings GEO.POWER Best practice form Title of the best practice AB Green Store Location where the BP was developed Stamata, Greece Field of application the best practice Please thick the relevant box activities Please provide also links to the relevant internet websites innovative and demonstrative approach added value Please shortly explain why do you find these activities as best practices? Coherence of the best practice with the local policy framework and with the national / regional legislation private buildings & housing sector public building industry & SMEs sector agriculture cross-cutting field (due to the high energy use expecially for cooling in supermarkets and the amount of energy achieved there by GSHPs) The innovative AB Green Store is 1,200 m 2 Through the application of the geothermal heat pump system a significant energy saving (over 50%) is succeeded, compared to the conventional means of heating/cooling/hot water. In addition, the primary energy savings compared to the conventional means (e.g. natural gas) is 30-40%, while there is a similar avoidance of emission of air pollutants (e.g. carbon dioxide). In Greece, GSHP permits are governed by Decision Δ9B,Δ/Φ166/OIK13068/ΓΔΦΠ 2488 (Government Gazette 1249/ ), which facilitates the application of this technology. background What were the reasons for best practice development? Geothermal heat pumps are an established and reliable technology which provides high quality indoor comfort. They result in energy savings by 30% compared to air cooled units. The lower CO 2 that are succeeded contribute to environmental protection, sustainable energy development and fighting the climate change.

36 Actors involved in the best practice development Please shortly describe who participated in the development process Principal stakeholders that benefit from the GCHP application Principal stakeholders that benefit from the GCHP application are energy managers, engineers, technicians, architects, manufacturers of equipment, installers and geotechnicians. Source of financing of the best practice Please thick the relevant box Transferability of the best practice Please assess the replication potential of the best practice EU funding (explain which) national / government funding regional funding venture funds private investment other (explain which) The geothermal heat pump market is expanding worldwide during the last 15 years with stably very high rates over 25% per year. Worldwide there are already 2,000,000 (22,000 MWth) GCHP installed, with 225,000 units being installed every year in the EU-27 and with a prediction that in the next years the annual increase will be units. According to the European Geothermal Energy Council (EGEC), in the year 2020 there will be 2,837,000 installed units in the EU-27. The increase of the installation of the units during the next years is guaranteed by the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), Energy for a changing world-energy Policy for Europe 2020, the SET-PLAN (On Investing in the Development of Low Carbon Technologies) and is also verified from the ETP-RHC (European Technology Platform for Renewable Heating & Cooling).