COGENERATION OF HEAT & POWER (CHP) FROM MEDIUM ENTHALPY GEOTHERMAL FLUIDS

Transcription

1 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ENERTECH 2009 ATHENS,, OCTOBER 2009 COGENERATION OF HEAT & POWER (CHP) FROM MEDIUM ENTHALPY GEOTHERMAL FLUIDS M. FYTIKAS & M. PAPACHRISTOU

2 Medium Enthalpy Geothermal Potential in Greece Temperature = C Utilisation: : CHP & Direct Use (heating, cooling, industrial and agricultural use, etc) Location: : Sedimentary basins of Northern Greece & North Central Aegean islands (Samothrace, Lesvos, Chios etc)

3 North Eastern Greece

4 Evros Basin Aristino (Alexandroupolis) geothermal field T>50ºC C at 200m and T>86ºC C at 360m Well AA-1: 72.3ºC C at 360m (geothermal gradient=160ºc/km) Well AA-1P: 51ºC C at 216m (geothermal gradient =180ºC/km) Well AA3: 86.8ºC C at 340m (geothermal gradient =210ºC/km) Flow rate : 150m 3 /h

5 Xanthi Komotini Basin Nea Kessani geothermal field The maximum temperature registered within the (relatively shallow) wells is 82 C. The main hot reservoir is located at shallow depth m with temperatures between C. At 1000m temperature may reach up to 110 C

6 Nestos Basin Eratino Chrysoupolis Intense geothermal anomaly with gradient between ºC/km. Temperatures of 60.9 ºC C at 430m and 69.7 ºC C at 530m were recorded in exploration boreholes Artesian flow rate 200 m 3 /h, 75oC from 700m deep well Temperature of 122 ºC C at 1377m were recorded in a exploration well (N 1P), average gradient 78ºC/km.

7 Strymonikos Gulf Akropotamos (Kavala) geothermal field AKP 1: Τ=83 C at 270 m; flow rate 150 m 3 /h AKP 3: Τ=90 C at 515 m; flow rate 200 m 3 /h AKP 4: Τ=48 C at 180 m; flow rate 40 m 3 /h 83 o C + CO m 3 /h High Concentration of CO 2

8 Chios Samothrace Samothrace Lesvos 3 shallow exploration drillholes: (<120m): C,, 150m 3 /h Geoth.field Polichnitos Nenita area: : 5 of the expl. Argennos wells reached at temp. up to 88 C Stypsi Napi Temperature ( C)

9 Balneotherapy Pools Heating panels Floor panels Hot water Absorption cooling Geothermal heat pumps Deicing Greenhouse heating Soil warming Fruit & vegetable drying Cleaning animal shelters Food processing Aquaculture Water desalination Biological mud digestion Oil recovery Wool cleaning Wood drying Salt extraction Paper & wood processing Balneotherapy, pools Space heating/cooling Agri-business uses Industrial uses Convectional power plants Bunary cycle plants Temperature ( o C) The (modified) Lindal diagram, showing the possible use of geothermal fluids at different temperatures

10 Power Generation from Medium Enthalpy Geothermal Fluids Binary (or Organic Rankine) ) Cycle (ORC) power plants using fluids of C (USA, Philippines, Hawaii islands, Portugal-Azores, Germany etc.)

11 Binary Power Plant in Hawaii 1990: The P.G.V. acquired the permit for a 60 MW power plant in Puna 1993: operation of a 30 MW plant It covers the 20% of the island needs 8 MW expansion The opposition of the inhabitants was very strong in the beginning (mostly for religious and environmental reasons) Today it is the most reliable power source Total reinjection of the fluids

12 Binary power plant in Mexico Mammoth Pacific binary power plants at the Casa Diablo (USA) geothermal field

13 Nevada-Blue Mountain California - East Mesa

14 Utah geothermal project with a series of small (250kW e ) binary modular units

15 Combined electric and direct geothermal cascade uses 120 o C 150 o C

16 Altheim (Austria) CHP System

17 Neustadt Glewe (Germany) CHP System 1995: District Heating (11MW th ) 2003: CHP (ORC 210kW e ) Temperature: 98 C

18 Geothermal power plant in Svarstengi (Iceland) & Blue Lagoon Spa resorts

19 Geothermal power plant in Wairakei (New Zealand). The geothermal fluids cascade to a shrimp farm pond

20 Industrial Applications of medium enthalpy geothermal energy Vegetable dehydration plant in Nevada: one well with 132 C, 113ton/day of dehydrated onions (May October), celery in March April and carrots from November to January. 75 employees all year round.

21 Tomato dehydration with geothermal energy in Neo Erasmio (Xanthi) Geothermal Fluid entry Geothermal Fluid Exit

22 Milos island (Greece). Proposed medium enthalpy (85 98oC) geothermal energy utilisation for power generation, desalination and other uses

23 Reykjavik 1932: Use of conventional fuels for heating Reykjavik today: Utilisation of geothermal energy for district heating 89% of the heating requirements in Iceland are covered by geothermal energy

24 Heat exchangers Distribution pumps Production well & Distribution networks

25 The first geothermal district heating system in USA

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27 Geothermal greenhouses next to geothermal power plant in Gufudalur, Hveragerði (Iceland) Geothermal greenhouses in Idaho (USA)

28 Aquaculture installation at Vistonida Lake with low temperature (36oC) Possible final step in cascade utilisation of Geothermal Cogeneration

29 Heating of modern greenhouses with cogeneration (Greece)

30 Accelerated Growth of Asparagus with Geothermal Soil Heating ( m2 in Greece)

31 COGENERATION OF HEAT AND POWER (CHP) FROM MEDIUM ENTHALPY GEOTHERMAL FLUIDS EXPECTED TEMPERATURE: 150 ο C at m EXPECTED FLOWRATE: 50 kg/s (180m3/h) GEOTHERMAL CAPACITY: 25 MWt CONVERT TO ELECTRICITY: 4 MW e (binary cycle technology) RESIDUAL THERMAL CAPACITY: 21 MWt POWER PLANT COST 2 GEOTHERMAL WELLS + INSTALLATIONS ANNUAL POWER PRODUCTION: MWh/year (use factor 80%) INCOME FROM ELECTRICITY SALE: ( ( 80/MWh MWh) GREENHOUSE HEATING: ca m 2 THERMAL ENERGY: MWht/year ASPARAGUS SOIL HEATING: ca m 2 THERMAL ENERGY: MWht/year TOTAL YEARLY INCOME INVESTMENT AMORTISATION APPROX. INCOME (vs( CHP Nat. Gas): /year APPROX. INCOME: /year /year < 2 YEARS

32 CONCLUSIONS According to world wide experience and examples, the ORC power generation projects can easily achieve economic viability when a heating segment is added to the utilisation grid. Heat and power cogeneration can result in significant cost savings and in the reduction of the payback period. The important medium enthalpy geothermal potential in sensitive areas of Greece, in combination with available and mature technology solutions, can contribute significantly to the development of local communities and improve national energy equilibrium Minimum to zero environmental impacts

33 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION