CDM Meth Panel AM00XX / Version 01 Sectoral Scope: XX 24 October Draft baseline methodology AM00XX

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1 Sources Draft baseline methodolog AM00XX Baseline methodolog for conversion from single ccle to combined ccle power generation This baseline methodolog is based on elements from the following methodologies: NM0070: Conversion of existing open ccle gas turbine to combined ccle operation at Guaracachi power station, Santa Cruz, Bolivia whose Baseline stud, Monitoring and Verification Plan and Project Design Document were prepared b KPMG, London; and NM0078-rev: Conversion of single ccle to combined ccle power generation, Ghana whose Baseline stud, Monitoring and Verification Plan and Project Design Document were prepared b Qualit Tonnes and The Energ Foundation. For more information regarding the proposals and their consideration b the Executive Board please refer to This methodolog also refers to ACM0002 ( Consolidated baseline methodolog for grid-connected electricit generation from renewable sources ) and the latest version of the Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionalit 1. Selected approach from paragraph 48 of the CDM modalities and procedures Existing actual or historical emissions, as applicable or Emissions from a technolog that represents an economicall attractive course of action, taking into account barriers to investment Applicabilit This methodolog is applicable: When project developers utilize previousl-unused waste heat from a power plant, with a single-ccle capacit, and utilize the heat to produce steam for another turbine thus making the sstem combined-ccle; When waste heat generated on site is not utilizable for an other purpose on-site; Where the project activit does not increase the lifetime of the existing gas turbine during the period (i.e. this methodolog is applicable up to the end of the lifetime of existing gas turbine, if shorter than period); Where project developers have access to appropriate to estimate the combined margin emission factor, as described in ACM0002 Consolidated baseline methodolog for grid-connected electricit 1 Please refer to < 1

2 generation from renewable sources, of the electricit grid to which the proposed project is connected. This baseline methodolog shall be used in conjunction with the approved consolidated monitoring methodolog AM00XX (Monitoring methodolog for conversion from single ccle to combined ccle power generation). Baseline scenario The Baseline scenario is that in the absence of the proposed project activit the electricit, to meet the demand in the grid sstem, will be generated: 1. B the operation of the existing power plant in open ccle mode; 2. B the operation of existing grid-connected power plants; and 3. B the addition of new generation sources to the grid. This methodolog is onl applicable where it can be demonstrated that the baseline scenario is as described above. The project proponents should undertake the following steps to demonstrate it: 1) Identif plausible alternatives to the project activit that deliver similar outputs and services in a comparable service area, of which one of the scenario is the baseline scenario described above. 2) Evaluate the identified alternative baseline scenarios for their compliance with applicable regulations, including: Regulations for utilization of waste heat on the premises where it is generated; Regulation on energ efficienc norms for power projects; and Emission norms for power projects. Alternatives that are not in compliance with existing regulations should be removed from further assessment. 3) Conduct a barrier test analsis considering the following tpes of barriers: Investment barriers, Technological barriers, Barriers due to prevailing practice, and Other barriers. 4) The scenario with the least barriers is the baseline scenario. If a scenario other than continuation of current practice is selected then this methodolog is not applicable. Additionalit The additionalit of the project activit shall be demonstrated and assessed using the latest version of the Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionalit agreed b the CDM Executive Board, available at the UNFCCC CDM web site 2. When the current practice condition (to continue the operation in open ccle) is assessed, the future estimated load factor should reflect the changes due to new conditions in the grid, analzing the last plants that have been incorporated in the grid. 2 Please refer to < 2

3 Project proponents, if undertaking investment analsis, shall include the revenue generated from the possible increase in electricit produced from the open ccle component in the project situation. Project boundar For the purpose of determining GHG emissions of the project activit, project participants shall include the following emissions sources: CO 2 emissions from on-site fuel consumption of fossil fuels for operation of the gas turbine; and CO 2 emissions from on-site fuel consumption, to supplement the waste heat generated from gas turbine, in generating steam to operate the steam turbine. For the purpose of determining the baseline, project participants shall include the following emission sources: CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel fired power plants connected to the electricit sstem and in the operating and build margin; CO 2 emissions from operation of project power plant in open ccle mode. The spatial extent of the project boundar encompasses the power plant at the project site and all power plants connected phsicall to the electricit sstem that the CDM project power plant is connected to. The spatial extent of the of the project electricit sstem, including issues related to the calculation of the build margin (BM) and operating margin (OM), is as per that defined in ACM0002 Consolidated baseline methodolog for grid-connected electricit generation from renewable sources. 3

4 Table 1 illustrates which emissions sources are included and which are excluded from the project boundar for determination of both baseline and project emissions. B A S E L I N E P R O J E C T Table 1: Overview on emissions sources included in or excluded from the project boundar Source Gas Justification / Explanation CO 2 Included Main emission source. Baseline: Grid electricit generation CH 4 Excluded Excluded for simplification. This is conservative. N 2 O Excluded Excluded for simplification. This is conservative. CO 2 Included An important emission source. CH 4 Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emission source is assumed to be ver small. On-site fossil fuel consumption to operate project power plant in open ccle mode. On-site fossil fuel consumption to operate the gas turbine of project power plant. On-site fossil fuel consumption to supplement waste heat in operating Steam turbine. Emission Reduction N 2 O Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emission source is assumed to be ver small. CO 2 Included An important emission source CH 4 Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emission source is assumed to be ver small. N 2 O Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emission source is assumed to be ver small. CO 2 Included Ma be an important emission source CH 4 Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emission source is assumed to be ver small. N 2 O Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emission source is assumed to be ver small. The project activit mainl reduces CO 2 emissions through substitution of power generation supplied b the existing generation sources connected to the grid and likel future additions to the grid. The emission reduction (ER ) b the project activit during ear is the difference between the baseline emissions (BE ), project emissions (PE ) and emissions due to leakage (L ), and can be expressed as follows: ER = BE PE L (1) ER are the emissions reductions due to the project activit during the ear in tons of CO 2, BE are the baseline emissions due to displacement of electricit during the ear in tons of CO 2, PE are the project emissions during the ear in tons of CO 2, L are the leakage emissions during the ear in tons of CO 2. In determining emission coefficients, emission factors or net calorific values in this methodolog, guidance b the 2000 IPCC Good Practice Guidance should be followed where appropriate. Project participants ma either conduct regular measurements or the ma use accurate and reliable local or national where available. Where such is not available, IPCC default emission factors (countr- 4

5 specific, if available) ma be used if the are deemed to reasonabl represent local circumstances. All values should be chosen in a conservative manner and the choice should be justified. Project activit Project emissions include emissions from use of fossil fuel to operate the gas turbine (PEGT ) and supplementar fossil fuel used in order to operate the steam turbine (PEST ). PE = PEGT + PEST (2) PEGT PEST = i = j FGT FST i, j, * COEF * COEF j i (3) (4) FGT i,, FST j,, COEF is the amount of fuel i (in a mass or volume unit) consumed to operate the gas turbine b the project in ear, is the supplementar fuel j (in mass or volume units) consumed in Heat Recover Steam Generator (HRSG) to operate Steam turbine b the project in ear, is the GHG co-efficient for fuels used in the project, expressed in ton CO 2 per unit fuel (mass or volume unit). COEF= NCV *EF *OXID (5) CO 2 NCV OXID EFCO 2 is the net calorific value (energ content) per mass or volume unit of a fuel, is the oxidation factor of a fuel, is the CO 2 emission factor per unit of energ of a fuel. Baseline emissions due to displacement of electricit The baseline scenario is the following: electricit would be generated b the operation of the power plant in open ccle mode, b existing and likel future grid-connected power plants. The baseline emissions for ear are calculated as follows: BE = (EF. OG ) + (EF. CG ) (6) OC grid, 5

6 EF OC OG EF grid CG Emission factor for plant operational in Open Ccle Mode in tco 2 /MWh, Electricit generated b the open ccle in the baseline (in MWh), is the CO 2 emission factor for the electricit displaced due to the project activit during the ear in tones tco 2 /MWh, Electricit generated from use of waste heat in ear (in MWh). If more than one fuel is used in the gas turbine, the baseline calculation (equation 6) must assume the emission factor of the less intensive carbon fuel that has been used before or after project implementation. Step 1: Estimating OG Project participants shall estimate, b the options provided below, the amount of generation b the power project running in open ccle mode in the baseline (OG in MWh) as follows: OG = PLF *OC *T (7) PLF OC T is the Plant load Factor, expressed as fraction, is the net capacit 3 of the OCGT in MW, is operation hours during ear (= 8760 hours in a full ear). Project proponents shall use the following two options to estimate the PLF that results in a conservative estimate of baseline: OPTION 1: HG OC, x PLF = OC *8760 x (8) HG OC.x OC x X is the average net annual generation from the operation of power plant in open ccle mode based on x ears of generation records previous to start of the project (in MWh). is the net historic capacit 4 of the plant s open ccle gas turbine (in MW). is 5. If five ears is not available then for the most number of complete ears available should be used, with a minimum of three full ear. 3 Net capacit is defined as gross capacit less auxiliar consumption of the plant. 4 Net capacit is defined as gross capacit less auxiliar consumption of the plant. 6

7 OPTION 2: PLF = PG PC *8760 (9) PG PC T is actual electricit generated b project in ear (MWh), is net installed capacit (MW) of the project (both the gas turbine as well as the steam turbine capacit),. is operation hours during ear (= 8760 hours in a full ear) Step 2: Estimating EF OC, the emissions factor for electricit generated in open ccle mode in the baseline The emissions factor for the open ccle mode generation in the baseline (EFOC in tco2/mwh) is given b historical performance of the plant when it operated in open ccle using for 5 ears 5 previous to the start of project. The emission factor is calculated as follows: EF FC HIST OC = HGOC,x. COEF i, HIST (10) FC HIST HG OC,x COEF i.hist Annual average fuel consummation of the gas turbine (in mass of volume units) estimated using for five ears previous to start of the project, is the average net annual generation from the operation of power plant in open ccle mode based on x ears of generation records previous to start of the project (in MWh). is the GHG co-efficient for fuel i used in the project for operating open ccle gas turbine, expressed in ton CO 2 per unit fuel (mass or volume unit), based on for fiver ears previous to the start of the project. The CO 2 emission coefficient COEF i,hist is estimated as follows: COEF = (11) i, HIST NCVi,HIST *EFCO2, i,hist* OXIDi,HIST NCV OXID EFCO 2 is the net calorific value (energ content) per mass or volume unit of a fuel, is the oxidation factor of the fuel, is the CO 2 emission factor per unit of energ of the fuel. 5 If five ears is not available then for the most number of complete ears available should be used, with a minimum of one full ear. 7

8 Step 3: Estimating CG, the electricit generation attributable to waste heat use in steam turbine The electricit generation attributable to the use of waste heat generated electricit from steam is calculated as follows: CG = PG - OG (12) Step 4: Determine the emissions factor for the operating margin The Baseline emission factor (EF ) should be calculated as a combined margin (CM), following the guidance in the section Baselines in Consolidated baseline methodolog for grid-connected electricit generation from renewable sources (ACM0002). If project proponents uses the dispatch analsis method, as described in ACM0002, the following modification applies: The group n of power plants in the dispatch margin is set of power plants in the top x% of total electricit dispatched b the grid sstem during hour h, where x% is equal to the greater of either: 10%; or the project generation during hour h expressed as a percentage of the total grid generation for that hour. Project proponents can use the efficienc of the plant to estimate combined margin emission factor if fuel for plants is not available. The volume of fuel consumed b each plant can be calculated using the efficienc of the plant and the electricit output. The efficiencies of the units attached to the grid should be from publicl verifiable sources. In case of multiple sources and values of efficienc one which results in most conservative estimate of emission factor should be used. Leakage The main emissions potentiall giving rise to leakage in the context of the proposed projects are: (i) CH 4 leakage in production, transportation and consumption of increased quantit of natural gas consumed b the project activit; and (ii) Emissions arising due to power plant construction. The CH 4 emissions can be ignored while appling this methodolog, if project proponents demonstrate through estimation that these are a negligible fraction of baseline. Project participants do not need to consider construction related emission sources as leakage in appling this methodolog. Project activities using this baseline methodolog shall not claim an credit for the project on account of reducing these emissions below the level of the baseline scenario. 8

9 Draft monitoring methodolog AM00XX Monitoring methodolog for conversion from single ccle to combined ccle power generation Sources This Monitoring methodolog is based on elements from the following methodologies: NM0070: Conversion of existing open ccle gas turbine to combined ccle operation at Guaracachi power station, Santa Cruz, Bolivia whose Baseline stud, Monitoring and Verification Plan and Project Design Document were prepared b KPMG, London; and NM0078-rev: Conversion of single ccle to combined ccle power generation, Ghana whose Baseline stud, Monitoring and Verification Plan and Project Design Document were prepared b Qualit Tonnes and The Energ Foundation. For more information regarding the proposals and their consideration b the Executive Board please refer to This methodolog also refers to the ACM0002 ( Consolidated baseline methodolog for grid-connected electricit generation from renewable sources ) and the latest version of the Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionalit 6. Applicabilit This monitoring methodolog shall be used in conjunction with the approved consolidated baseline methodolog AM00XX (Baseline methodolog for conversion from single ccle to combined ccle power generation). The same applicabilit conditions as in baseline AM00XX appl. Monitoring Methodolog The monitoring methodolog requires monitoring of the following: Electricit generation from the proposed project activit; Fuel consumption from the proposed project activit; needed to recalculate the emissions attributable to the operation of the gas turbines in open ccle under the baseline scenario, consistent with baseline methodolog " Baseline methodolog for replacing grid-based power b emissions-neutral power from existing fossil-fuel powered facilities using previousl-unused waste heat"; needed to recalculate the operating margin (OM) emission factor, based on the choice of the method to determine the OM, consistent with Consolidated baseline methodolog for grid-connected electricit generation from renewable sources (ACM0002); and 6 Please refer to < 9

10 needed to recalculate the build margin emission factor, consistent with Consolidated baseline methodolog for grid-connected electricit generation from renewable sources (ACM0002). 10

11 Project emissions parameters Project participants should establish a sstem to monitor the amount of all tpes of fossil fuel combusted. On-site fossil fuel consumption for the operation of the power plant should be metered through flow or volume meters or respectivel with an energ balance over the ear, considering stocks at the beginning and at the end of each ear. Where possible, project participants should cross-check these estimates with fuel purchase receipts. The following table lists the to be collected or used in order to monitor emissions from the project activit. ID number Tpe 1. FGTi, Mass or Volume 2. FSTi, Mass or Volume 3.NCVi Net calorific value variable Consumption of fuel i of project during the ear for operating gas turbine. Consumption of fuel i of project during the ear for operating Steam Turbine Net calorific value of fossil fuel tpe i unit Mass or volume unit of the fuel Mass or volume unit of the fuel GJ / mass or volume unit Measured (m) calculated (c) estimated (e) M M Recording frequenc Hourl, prepare annuall an energ balance Hourl, prepare annuall an energ balance Proportion of monitored How will be archived? (electronic/ paper) 100% Electronic 100% Electronic M or C Annuall 100% Electronic For how long is archived kept? Crediting Period. Crediting Period. period Comment The quantit of fossil fuel combusted should be collected separatel for all tpes of fossil fuel. The quantit of fossil fuel combusted should be collected separatel for all tpes of fossil fuel. The net calorific value should be determined separatel for all tpes of fossil fuels. Net calorific values should be based on measurements or reliable local or national. 11

12 ID number 4. EF CO2,i 5. OXIDi Tpe Emissions factor Oxidation of fuels i variable CO 2 emission factor for fossil fuel i Percentage of Carbon oxidized when fossil fuel i is combusted. unit tco2/ GJ Measured (m) calculated (c) estimated (e) Recording frequenc Proportion of monitored How will be archived? (electronic/ paper) M Annuall 100% Electronic % E Annuall 100% Electronic For how long is archived kept? Comment Net calorific values should be based on measurements or reliable local or national. If local of national is not available appropriate IPCC default can be used. IPCC default reported in IPCC 1996 Revised National Greenhouse gas Inventor can be used. This should be checked ever ear to update information as per changes made b IPCC. 12

13 Baseline emission parameters Note that required to calculate the emissions factor for grid displacement of electricit (EF ) is contained in the Consolidated monitoring methodolog for zero-emission grid-connected electricit generation from renewable sources (ACM0002). Next to the parameters listed in the table below, project participants shall monitor in addition all baseline emission parameters included in ACM0002, except the electricit generation of the project activit (PG), which is included in the table below. ID number 6. HG OC 7. HC OC 8. PG Tpe Electricit quantit Electricit Generation Capacit Electricit quantit variable Historical Net quantit of electricit generated b the Open Ccle operation of power plant. Historical Net generation capacit of the Open Ccle operation of power plant. Net quantit of electricit generated b the project power plant unit Measured (m) calculated (c) estimated (e) Recording frequenc Proportion of monitored How will be archived? (electronic/ paper) MWh M Yearl 100% Electronic MW M Yearl 100% Electronic MWh M Continuousl 100% Electronic For how long is archived kept? Comment Historical of electricit supplied b the project to the grid, preferabl for five ear previous to the start of project should be used and not less than three ears. Capacit of the gas turbines should be given as declared net capacit. This value should be available from generation licenses and will onl be recorded once during a Electricit used for the operation of the plant should be subtracted. 13

14 ID number 9. PC 10. FC HIST 11.NCV i,hi ST 12. EF CO2,i, HIST 13. OXIDi Tpe Electricit Generation Capacit Fuel quantit Net calorific value Emissions factor Oxidation of fuels i variable Net generation capacit of the project power plant. Historic Fuel consumption of the project in Open ccle generation. Net calorific value of fossil fuel tpe i used previous to the start of project. CO 2 emission factor for fossil fuel i used previous to the start of project. Percentage of Carbon oxidized when fossil fuel i is combusted. unit Measured (m) calculated (c) estimated (e) Recording frequenc Proportion of monitored How will be archived? (electronic/ paper) MW M Annuall 100% Electronic Mass or Volu me GJ / mass or volume unit tco2/ GJ M Once in period 100% Electronic m or c Annuall 100% Electronic M Annuall 100% Electronic % E Annuall Electronic For how long is archived kept? Comment Capacit of the project power plant in combined ccle operation be given as declared net capacit. Historical of annual fuel consumption b the project operating in open ccle mode, preferabl based on for five ears previous to the start of project and not less than three ears. The corresponds to the historic fuel use. The corresponds to the historic fuel use. IPCC default reported in IPCC 1996 Revised National Greenhouse gas Inventor can be used. This should be checked ever ear to update information as per changes made b IPCC. 14

15 Leakage No required as Leakage are assumed negligible. Qualit Control (QC) and Qualit Assurance (QA) Procedures All measurements should use calibrated measurement equipment that is maintained regularl and checked for its functioning. QA/QC procedures for the parameters to be monitored are illustrated in the following table. Uncertaint Level of (High/Medium/Low) Are QA/QC procedures planned for these? 1, 2 Low Yes 3, 4, 5 Low Yes 8 Low Yes Outline explanation how QA/QC procedures are planned An direct measurements with mass or volume meters at the plant site should be cross-checked with an annual energ balance that is based on purchased quantities and stock changes. Meters should be subject to regular maintenance and testing regime to ensure efficienc. Check consistenc of measurements and local / national with default values b the IPCC. If the values differ significantl from IPCC default values, possibl collect additional information or conduct measurements. The consistenc of metered net electricit generation should be cross-checked with receipts from sales (if available) and the quantit of biomass fired (e.g. check whether the electricit generation divided b the quantit of biomass fired results in a reasonable efficienc that is comparable to previous ears). Meters should be subject to regular maintenance and testing regime to ensure efficienc. 15