Low-rise Superblock, Pedestrian Clusters

Transcription

1 MIT -Tsinghua Clean Energy Neighborhoods, Global Scan Low-rise Superblock, Pedestrian Clusters 5A Based on: Vauban in Freiburg, Germany The Vauban neighborhood is a 38ha redevelopment of a former army base. It is positioned close to the city center, surrounded by other neighborhoods and green open space. It has about 5000 residents and on site. Addition- consumption by technological features like a CHP provid- electricity, solar collectors for heat and hot water and very high insulation standards. Embodied energy is minimized by reuse of existing building structures and use of timber as building material. W5A - Minimizes energy related of pedestrian woonerfs, its interrelatedness with multiple public transport systems (bus, tram and train), reduced car ownership and the abundance of various public uses on site making it a well connected neighborhood with a maximized reliance on its local possibilities. Its 3-4 story buildings allow for a medium density (FAR 1.5).

2 Regional Plan MIT -Tsinghua Clean Energy Neighborhoods, Global Scan Project Boundary Water 800 Meter (10 Min Walking) Train Line Bus Routes 2500 m

3 Overall Plan MIT -Tsinghua Clean Energy Neighborhoods, Global Scan Size: 38 ha FAR: 1.5 Building coverage: n/a Main Road Secondary Road Parking Lots Paving coverage: n/a Residential units: 2000 Density: 131units/ha Parking spaces: ca: 200 on the ground Shared Road by cars, cycle and pedestrian Pedestrian Sidewalks/-paths Public Green Private Gardens or Shared Green Parking ratio: 0,2 per unit Onsite Energy Structures e.g. (CHP) Residential low-rise mid-rise high-rise Institutional Commercial Mixed Use Cluster boundary Site boundary 400 m

4 Cluster Plan MIT -Tsinghua Clean Energy Neighborhoods, Global Scan Main Road Secondary Road Parking Lots Shared Road by cars, cycle and pedestrian Pedestrian Sidewalks/-paths public tramline - towards city market square Public Green Private Gardens or Shared Green Onsite Energy Structures e.g. (CHP) Residential low-rise mid-rise high-rise Institutional woonerf - street Commercial ng creek Mixed Use Cluster boundary Site boundary 80 m

5 Figure Ground MIT -Tsinghua Clean Energy Neighborhoods, Global Scan m

6 Energy Strategy MIT -Tsinghua Clean Energy Neighborhoods, Global Scan Temperature (C) month mean min max Humidity (%) Wind Speed (m/s) Wind Direction Solar Insolation Summer Avg % 6.2 SW 32 Winter Avg % 4.5 SW Energy sources: PV Solar thermal Elec. grid TYPICAL SECTION THROUGH ONE OF THE PASSIVE HOUSINGS b

7 Photos MIT -Tsinghua Clean Energy Neighborhoods, Global Scan IMAGES

8 Three Dimensional Organization MIT -Tsinghua Clean Energy Neighborhoods, Global Scan Transport: Public transport network reduces car travel Abundance of amenities on site and adjacent green areas reduce transport needs 40% reduced car ownership Woonerfs and other pedestrian areas 15 zip cars Primary energy: Partial use of N-S orientation for maximized passive solar gains 7 CHP for heating, use of local renewable recource 8 PV cells and solarcollectors for electricity and warm water/heating 8b heat exchange ventilation systems 9 Very high insulation standards u-value = 0.15 (exterior wall) Embodied energy: 10 Reuse of existing structures 11 Many of the new buildings are partially built as timber construction 9 11 Other: 12 Social participation on energy plannings

9 Unit Plan MIT -Tsinghua Clean Energy Neighborhoods, Global Scan Transport: Public transport network reduces car travel Abundance of amenities on site and adjacent green areas reduce transport needs 40% reduced car ownership Woonerfs and other pedestrian areas 15 zip cars Primary energy: 7 8 8b Partial use of N-S orientation for maximized passive solar gains CHP for heating, use of local renewable recource PV cells and solarcollectors for electricity and warm water/heating heat exchange ventilation systems Very high insulation standards u-value = 0.15 (exterior wall) Embodied energy: Reuse of existing structures Many of the new buildings are partially built as timber construction Other: Social participation on energy plannings ENERGY SOURCES: wood chips AREA PER FLOOR: 77m2 10 m

10 Energy Summary MIT -Tsinghua Clean Energy Neighborhoods, Global Scan ENERGY PERFORMANCE DATA: - Electricity and heating/cooling overall: 65kwh/m2/yr - Elec. and heating/cooling of 100 houses: 120kwh/m2/yr -Vehicle mile travel relatively low for German comparison ENERGY PRODUCTION DATA Solar: The example of the Solar Housing Estate within the area produces a surplus of 36kwh/m2/yr by use of PV cells and solar collectors, the PV technologies contribute with 115kwh/m2/yr Solar collectors: warm water and heating CHP: C02-neutral Design standards: 100 buildings are built to passive house standard (120kwh/m2/yr overall energy consuption), this standard is i.a. achieved by high insulating standards, e.g. an u-value of 0.15 for exterior walls Incomes/social variables: Most inhabitans of the area can be assumed as middle class with high education CONCLUSION: For many reasons, this neighborhood is a very sucessful model for an energy ef- arangements of public transport, the abundance of uses (including 600 jobs) on site and its location close to the city center/next to other neighborhoods. The buildings reduce primary energy to a minimum, however it needs to be mentioned that this is largely due to high building standards like up to 30cm insulation, triple glazing or technologies like PV for electricity. All these aspects are related to costs and only make sense if the prices for energy over the years are relatively high. Facts that limit applicability: The density of Vauban is slightly lower (FAR 1.5) than the average of Jinan (FAR 1.9), i.e. this typlogy would need to increase its density if applied to Jinan. The reduction of cars in this neighborhood could rely on a relatively high ecological awareness of its inhabitans. In areas, where this is less the case, it might need a different approach. Vauban s PV technology can contribute a lot to the consumption of energy but the ings. Standards/local laws: Energy achievements at Vauban are not the result of local or national laws, however produced PV electricity costs for PV technologies Currently, German households have an average energy consumption of 465kwh/m2/y

11 Additional Info Maximizing Passive Solar Gains MIT -Tsinghua Clean Energy Neighborhoods, Global Scan

12 Additional Info Urban Volume vs Primary Energy MIT -Tsinghua Clean Energy Neighborhoods, Global Scan PATHWAYS 1) MAXIMIZE (SOLAR) GAINS 2) MAXIMIZE COMPACTNESS on each side Zero or Plusenergy house with limited recources? Passive house