Why LED Lighting is Different than Traditional HID Street and Area Lighting Products

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1 General LED Presentation Why LED Lighting is Different than Traditional HID Street and Area Lighting Products

2 Lighting The Energy Consumer Evolve TM LED In US alone lighting consumes ~20% of energy generated 6 quadrillion BTU in 2000 (1.5 trillion kw-hr) 10% savings implies fewer power plants 9 million metric tons lower CO/CO 2 emissions/yr Worldwide these numbers are quadrupled

3 Lighting regulations and standards are becoming more aggressive Evolve TM LED Lighting Power Density (LPD) Uplight trend Influencing bodies Trespass Light Light Levels Glare Need lighting solutions that enable adherence and still meet quality of light needs

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5 Why use LED? Evolve TM LED System Solutions Save energy Less site wattage due to uniformity Instant re-strike and dimmable (2010) Lower LPD (better utilization) Reduce maintenance Fewer lamps to replace & dispose Be a good neighbor Less light trespass with reduced shielding No uplight light pollution Reduce wasted light Improve visual acuity Smoother visual transition due to uniformity Better vertical illuminace Environmentally conscientious Reduce hazardous waste Reduce energy consumption Energy Efficiency Optical Control Quality Of Light Long Life Reliability

6 LED Durability Evolve TM LED LED Features: No filament failures, no cathode failures, no glass to break LED Benefit: Rugged vs. traditional lamps Vibration resistance

7 What is a LED? LED Light Emitting Diode and SSL Solid-State Lighting - Semiconductor device that emits light by releasing energy in the form of photons - Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum, is a compound of silcon and carbon with a chemical formula SiC - The first practical visiblespectrum (red) LED was developed in 1962 by Nick Holonuak Jr., while working at GE Holonyak is seen as the "father of the light-emitting diode

8 Technical Approaches to White Light with LEDs 1. RGB Chips Red, Blue & Green Tri-Chip White Light 2. Blue Chip + Yellow Phosphor Phosphor LED Chip Phosphor Reflector LED Chip 3. Violet Chips+ Multi-Phosphors

9 LED Color CCT correlated color temperature; a measure of the color appearance of a white light source. CCT is measured on the Kelvin absolute temperature scale. White lighting products are most commonly available from 2700K (warm white) to 6000K (cool white). CRI color rendering index; a measure of how a light source renders colors of objects, compared to a reference light source. CRI is given as a number from 0 to 100, with 100 being identical to the reference source. CCT Lamp Source CRI 2000K HPS K Metal Halide K Metal Halide K MV (Coated) K Mercury Vapor K LED K LED 70

10 GE Lighting Solution s LED suppliers? Philips Lumileds Lexeon Rebel Cool White 6000K Neutral White 4300K Cree XP-E and XP-G Cool White 6000K Neutral White 4100K Nichia Super Rigil N Series

11 LED Controllability Evolve TM LED LED Features: Instant On Dimming LED Benefit: Energy Reduction Improved pay-back Quality of Light

12 LED Power Supply PSU or Electronic Driver Advance Xitanium LED Drivers 24V DC LEDINTA0024V41FO Driver Power Factor is > 90% What milliamp (ma) rating drives your LED s? Max of 525mA with nominal 467mA -350mA -525mA -700mA

13 LED Photometric Control Evolve TM LED LED Features: Multiple Light Source Emitter Directional Source 360 deg. Lamp Individually Controllable LED Benefit: Color Consistency Unit To Unit Greater Optical Control Light where desired Improved Fixture Efficiency Fewer Fixtures / Lower Watts Improved Control Of Spill Light Less Light Pollution / Light Trespass

14 LED Light Control Evolve TM LED Example: Light Trespass Reduced efficiency Unwanted house side light Example: No Light Trespass Optimized distribution Lighting targeted area Improved Light Control Reduces Unwanted Spill Light and Improves Utilization

15 Street Side Target Area House Side Better utilization of light on the target area Putting light on the roadway

16 Street Side Target Area Better utilization of light on the target area Putting light on the roadway House Side

17 LED Performance Exceeding Projections Evolve TM LED Lumens/watt (efficacy) Color Specialty White Specialty 1 Year Ago Current Outdoor Light 12 Indoor Specialty Indoor General LED HID Linear Fluorescent CFL GELS CORE & ADJACENT Incandescent

18 HPS 95 to 130 lm/w EISA Pulse Start 90 LPW + LED Efficiency +30% Annually LED Cost -15% Annually Source: Dept. of Energy 2008

19 Lamp Sources Available Today in Fixtures Systems Lamp Source Life Initial Source LPW Maintained LPW Incandescent 1, Mercury V apor HG 24, Compact Flourescent 8, Induction (QL & ICETRON) 100, Linear Flourescent 20, Pulse Metal Halide < 150W 15, Pulse Metal Halide > 150W 20, HPS < 200W 24,000 + * HPS > 200W 24,000 + * * Standard HPS Lamp HRS * ECO/NC Non Cylcing HRS * Dual Element Standby SBY HRS LED Packages 4500K 50, LED Packages 6000K 50, LED Systems 50,

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21 Typical 175W HG vs. 95W LED Roadway 175W HG Mercury Vapor 5700K 15 CRI Light Source and Color 95 Watts LED 6000K 65 CRI 45 Lumens Per Watt Source Efficacy >100 Lumens Per Watt -15% Ballast/Driver Losses -15% 0% Luminaire Thermal Losses -10% -27% Curve Optical Losses -12% 28 Lumens Per Watt Initial Luminaire Efficacy >67 Lumens Per Watt

22 LED Luminaire - System Design Focus Optic - Evolve Light Engine Thermal Evolve Heat Sink Demonstrated Performance System Reliability Evolve TM LED Mechanical Evolve TM Construction Roadway Experience Electrical Evolve TM Integration Component Reliability & Protection

23 LED Optic Design Evolve TM LED An integrated Approach Optimized Distribution Reduced Glare High Utilitzation

24 Evolve TM Optic Design Demonstrated Photometric Leadership: An integrated approach

25 Site Lighting Performance Off-site Visibility Evolve TM LED 6 Pole Heights Images GE LED Metal Halide Flat Glass

26 Site Lighting Performance On-site visibility 6 Pole Heights Images Evolve TM LED 1 Pole Height Images GE LED Metal Halide Flat Glass

27 System Thermal Design Importance: Life Reliability System efficacy Conduction Cooling: Heat Sink / Housing Fins Thermal Modeling Evolve TM LED Convection cooling: Heat sink Surface Area & Airflow Evolve TM thermal design rigor translates to reliability and performance

28 LED System Thermal Design Importance: Life Thermal Modeling Reliability System efficacy Evolve TM LED Conduction Cooling: Heat Sink / Housing Fins Convection cooling: Heat sink Surface Area & Airflow Evolve tm Thermal Design Rigor Translates to Reliability and Performance

29 What Type of Surge Protection Does a LED Product Need to Survive Out on a Distribution Systems Meets ANSI/IEEE C Loc. Category B2 and IEC Level 4 ( VAC) UL 1449 Compliant (TMOV s) Single Event MOV Rating: 10kV/5kA using industry standard 8/20 usec wave (MOV spec) System tested to 120 surge events ( 5 events per Mode, Phase & Polarity combination) per IEC Questions to ask: - What level can the System Resist under a life time of surge events? -Is the spec you re reading Single Event or Multi Event? - Number of events and at what levels over the life? - ANSI/IEEE C provides guidance on event frequency in US what does your distribution system experience?

30 Solid State Lighting: Key Design Factors Evolve TM LED Product Application Electrical Thermal Mechanical Optical Safety & Environmental How will it be used Install Instructions Beta Installation Key Noise Factors Confounding Effects Customer Service Technical Support LED Forward Voltage Architecture Fault Tolerant Power Supply Input Voltage Power Consumption Output Current LED Junction Temperature Thermal Resistance Tolerance Analysis Mechanical Stress Fatigue Creep Flammability (UL94) Design for Manufacturing Impact Resistance Vibration Light Output Color Beam Angle LED Binning Operating Temp. Range Dry/Damp/Wet Orientation Humidity Corrosion UV/Chemical Resistance Fault Indicators Mis-Use / Abuse Sealing Temp/ Moisture Dependencies Material Selections Must address many factors in Solid State Lighting System Design.

31 Manufacturer provide an IESNA LM-80 test report for the LED s to be Utilized in the LED System TaTesting Ambient Operating Temperatures 25C, 55C & 85 C L85 at 50,000 Hours L80 at 50,000 Hours L70 at?

32 The Future of LM 80 and How Lumen Depreciation is Tested and Calculated. Evolve TM LED The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES) is currently working on a method of extrapolating the lifetime of LED luminaires, IES TM-21, which is intended for use with IES LM-80. Work on this method continues, with exploration of multiple models and examination of practical applications to effectively estimate lumen depreciation beyond collected data. This important extrapolation method is a difficult nut to crack, and the limited data required by LM- 80 (6000 hours) is not sufficient to easily estimate lumen depreciation over the course of the expected long lifetimes of LEDs. With technical support from DOE, the TM-21 working group is completing extensive modeling analysis to identify a reasonable method of estimating lumen depreciation as a metric of LED expected usefulness over time. Initial conclusions are expected soon.

33 Evolve LED Area Light 6) 6,000 hour LED Level Data Data represents typical In Situ conditions for 25 C operation: T J : 65 C to 82 C & Drive Current: mA 100 LM >98% 90 Lumen Maintenance % ,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 Hours Operation GE Internal Test Data

34 Evolve LED Area Light 4) 6,000 hour System Level Data 60 C Ambient (Tj ~100 C) 47 C Ambient (Tj ~ 87 C) 25 C Ambient (Tj ~ 65 C) LM >93% Lumen Maintenance % ,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 Hours Operation GE Internal Test Data

35 Evolve LED Area Light 3) Lumen Maintenance Summary Evolve TM LED Test Condition System 25 C Ambient System 47 C Ambient System 60 C Ambient LED T J of 67 C to 82 C Demonstrated 6,000 hrs 96.1% 96.0% 93.3% >98.0% Exponential Projections L85 > 50,000 hrs L70 > 50,000 hrs L85 > 25,000 hrs L70 ~ 49,000 hrs L70 > 50,000 hrs * Represents in situ system level operation at 25 C still air conditions GE Internal Test Data

36 IESNA LM-79 test report and.ies files for all products Evolve TM LED

37 LED Evolve Area Lighter Evolve TM LED 1. 3 Distributions III, IV, V 2. Can Replace 400W PMH, 250W HPS in Parking Lots 3. Over 50% Energy Saving and Meet IESNA RP General Price Points

38 1-400W PMH fixture/pole Type 3 Evolve TM LED Retail Parking Lot Avg 1.43 Max 2.92 Min 0.41 Max/Min 7.12 Avg/Min W fixtures/pole Type 4 Avg 1.01 Max 1.27 Min 0.69 Max/Min 1.85 Avg/Min 1.47

39 Florida Power & Light Juno Beach Corp Office Re-Light LED Avg FC 0.84 Max/Min 6.96 Avg/Min 3.35 Evolve TM LED HPS LED # of Fixtures 8 8 Input Watts Type IIII 310 Type IV 95 Type V 205 Total Watts Savings 56% 250W HPS Avg FC 0.99 Max/Min 0.00 Avg/Min 0.00 Max/MFC

40 American Electric Power 1-RP Corporate Office Building Lamp Lamp Systems Total Fixtures Wattage Type Watts Watts HPS 310 Watts LED 220 Watts 3960 Savings 1620 Energy % 30% HPS LED AVG FC 2.31 FC 1.17 FC MAX/MIN AVG/MIN

41 Northern Virginia Electrical Cooperative Regional Office Lamp Lamp Systems Total Fixtures Wattage Type Watts Watts HPS 185 Watts LED 94 Watts 470 Savings 455 Energy % -49%

42 EPRI Area Lighting Test Sites Evolve TM LED

43 LED Evolve Roadway Cobrahead Evolve TM LED 1. 8 Distributions -4 Short 49W, 80W, 112W & 127W -4 Wide 65W, 95W, 142W, & 157W 2. Targeted to Replace <400W MV HG, <250W MH and <250W HPS 3. 5%-40% Energy Saving and Meet IESNA RP General Price Points

44 EPRI Roadway Evolve TM LED

45 Potential Application Energy Savings Evolve TM LED Utilize 65W LED for 175W MV Replacements Utilize 95W LED for 175W MV Replacements Utilize 142W LED for 250W MV Replacements Utilize 157W LED for 400W MV Replacements Utilize 65W LED for 70W and 100W HPS Replacements Utilize 95W LED for 100W and 150W HPS Replacements Utilize 142W LED for 200W HPS Replacements Utilize 157W LED for 250W HPS Replacements

46 65W LED vs. 175W MV HG (211 Input Watts)

47 95W LED vs. 175W MV HG (211 Input Watts)

48 95W LED vs. 250W MV HG (305 Input Watts)

49 65W LED vs. 70W HPS (99 Input Watts) Evolve TM LED

50 80W LED vs. 100W HPS (117 Input Watts)

51 95W LED vs. 100W HPS (117 Input Watts)

52 95W LED vs. 150W HPS (175 Input Watts)

53 142W LED vs. 150W HPS (183 Input Watts)

54 157W LED vs. 150W HPS (183 Input Watts)

55 157W LED vs. 250W HPS (297 Input Watts)

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59 Power Door Design Evolve TM LED

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65 2009 Finalized Production Line at GELS Hendersonville

66 Buy American Provision of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)

67 What post-top products does GE have available today? LED Contemporary Luminaire Yoke Mount or Pole Top Mount Evolve Light Engine with nested Concentric Optical 3 Lumen Packages in 3 Distribution Patterns: 6:1 Asymmetric and Symmetrical 3400 to 5400 Lumens Typical 4100K CCT 70CRI Targeting 70W PMH-175W MH NGL 2010 Recognized Award

68 What post-top products will GE have available in 6 months? LED Contemporary Luminaire Pole Top Mount Evolve Light Engine with nested Concentric Optical 3 Lumen Packages in 3 Distribution Patterns: 6:1 Asymmetric and Symmetrical 3400 to 5400 Lumens Typical 4100K CCT 70CRI Targeting 70W PMH-175W MH

69 What post-top products will GE have available in the next 12 months? Top Mount Bottom Mount

70 Warranty Evolve TM LED All Evolve products carry the same five year warranty

71 Evolve TM LED

72 In Summary Evolve TM LED - LED systems approach is different from HID with requirements and industry expectations - LED s are continuing to improve and we expect to see a 30% improvement in LED efficiency - Not all LED Systems are created equal. Long life products need proper design, validation and construction. Thank you for this opportunity! Please feel to contact me with any questions or requests. Nicholas Chintala Nicholas.Chintala@GE.com