Policy Implications & Survey Results for Water & Sanitation in Dilla, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Alyssa Shumaker, Columbia Water Center

Transcription

1 Policy Implications & Survey Results for Water & Sanitation in Dilla, SNNPR, Ethiopia Alyssa Shumaker, Columbia Water Center

2 Introduction to Ethiopia Agenda Problem Description & Data Collection Methods Analysis Proposed Solution Challenges & Next Steps 2

3 Introduction to Ethiopia 3

4 Ethiopia: Facts and Figures Located in the Sub-Saharan Horn of Africa Slightly twice the size of Texas Population is 96 million Up to 60% of the current disease burden in Ethiopia is attributable to poor sanitation Approximately 21,000 Ethiopian children die each year from diarrhea An Ethiopian child is 30 times more likely to die by his or her fifth birthday than a child in Western Europe 4

5 Political Situation 5

6 6

7 Case Study and Subject: Dilla, SNNPR Population approximately 100, km from Addis Ababa Exports: Coffee, meat; fruits Contains University, Hospital, capital of Gedeo Zone Major water source: Chichu River 7

8 Peace Corps Volunteer,

9 Problem Description & Data Collection Methods 9

10 Data Collection Periods in Dilla over Time

11 Survey Participants Needs Analysis Findings: Water S carcity Top Need 4 of 5 top morbidity rates adults & children water-related 11

12 2014, Literature 132 Households Findings: 75% of HH do not have piped water when desired Alternatives: water vendors, rivers, or hand dug 25% of HH Diarrheal Disease Willingness to pay for 20-liter jerry can per household between.19 and.2 1 cents ETB 12

13 S urvey Participants 5 Areas of the C ity Analyzed: Water collection, water use, purchasing decisions; costing mechanisms Stakeholder Analysis, Interviews, Focus Groups, Qualitative Research Collection also conducted Findings: Water Treatment Plant supplies 30,000/100,000 Water treated inconsistently with chlorine Recent cholera epidemic Hospital still cites 4 of 5 outpatient disease water-related 85% of HH willing to pay between 2 and 3 ETB for jerry can, 14x greater than in

14 Above: Storage tanker at Dilla Treatment Plant Left: Water treatment chlorination process 14

15 Analysis 15

16 Monthly Precipitation Overlay Graph, Pierre Cruikshank 16

17 Monthly Average Precipitation Graph, Pierre Cruikshank 17

18 Proposed Solution 18

19 Problem Tracing Water Problems in Dilla, SNNPR Lack of Water Supply and Storage Lack of Rain Water Harvesting No Investment in Potential Technology Lack of Funds at Key Locations Improve the Water Situation in Dilla, SNNPR Possess Additional Water Storage and Supply Increased Rainwater Harvesting Increase Awareness and Investment in Potential Technology Invest Funds at Key Locations 19

20 Supplemented Water Targeting Key Locations for Maximum Impact Cost: approx. $2000/tanker Materials readily available and wide range of use Easy to install Low treatment required Water in Dilla low in chloroforms, lacking fluoride, nitrates, and nitrites Manual and some implementation done at 20

21 Health Center Statistics Catchment Area: 69,000 people On average, 120 patients seen per day Main source of water: piped water Average water/week used 3,000 liters UNICEF minimum recommended 4,000 liters/day Services affected by lack of water: deliveries, sanitation services, and availability of drinking water Storage is limited to 1,000L tanker Roof approximately 150 m 2 21 Directly above: Dilla Hospital Administration Building

22 Dilla Town Health Center 14 m 2 4 m 2 Total Approximate Size: 153 m 2 16 m 2 4 m 2 4 m 2 22

23 Rainwater Harvesting Options and Demand Implications 152m 2 rooftop.7 capture efficiency First flush filter 225 liters every time over 3 days no rain Demand 428L/day Tank Size (liters) Winter Spring Summer Fall Yearly 2, , , ,

24 Intervention + Sustainability Objective 1 Objective 2 Increase water quantity and access through self-sustaining rainwater harvesting installations in SNNPR, Ethiopia Increase health access and effective treatment through more sanitary facilities and cleaner water 24

25 Challenges & Next Steps 25

26 Challenges Unknown price points Lack of known partners and/or international NGOs working in the area Communication Seasonal variability Circumventing the problem, not fixing the root problem (infrastructure) Hard to determine use of health center as water scarcity now contributes to inaccurate use Maintenance and sustainability plans 26

27 Next steps Field Visit in June, 2017 Establish Feasibility, Identify Partners, Verify Data 27

28 Implications of Political Situation No major NGO working on water needs in the south Aligns with complaints from marginalized communities Charities and Societies Proclamation limits NGO involvement Major road to Dilla has been under construction for over 2 years, pushing a 2 hour drive into a 3 hour drive Photo, CNN 28

29 Thank You & Questions 29

30 Annex 1. Problem Tree 30

31 Annex 2: Dilla Town Treatment Plant Above: Beginning of Intake Process 31

32 Annex 2. Rainwater Roof Culture Photo and Culture, Mark Brotman 32

33 Annex 3. CNN Clip 33