Safety Assessment of Former Uranium Mine and Milling Facilities in Ukraine and Decommission Conception

Transcription

1 State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine Institute of geological sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Safety Assessment of Former Uranium Mine and Milling Facilities in Ukraine and Decommission Conception V. Riazantsev: SNRCU A.Skalsky, D.Bugai: Inst. of Geol. Science Regional Practical Workshop on the decommissioning of uranium contaminated facilities Pretoria, South Africa, August 2011

2 CONTENTS 1. Nuclear Applications in Ukraine. 2. Legislation Base. 3. Case Studies of Decommissioning: - Remediation of Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, - Former and Operation Uranium Facilities - NORM (Coal Mining and Oil and Gas Industries). 4. Conclusions.

3 Nuclear Applications in Ukraine Coil mine WWER 440 WWER 1000 RBMK 1000 Research reactors RW storage facilities Uranium mining and milling

4 1. Vatutinskoye, 2. Severinskoye, 3. Michurinskoye, 4. Zheltorechenskoye, 5. Pervomayskoye, 6. Lozovatskoye, 7. Kalinovskoye, 8. Yuzhnoye, 9. Nikolokozelskoye, 10. Nikolayevskoye, 11. Berekskoye, 12. Krasnooskolskoye, 13. Adamovskoye, 14. Sadovokonstantinov, 15. Bratskoye, 16. Safonovskoye, 17. Devladovskoye, 18. Novogurievskoye, 19. Surskoye, 20. Chervonoyarskoye, 21. Markovskoye. State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine Uranium ore deposits and uranium processing operations in Ukraine (NEA 2002)

5 Legislation structure in Ukraine - Constitution of Ukraine; - International Conventions and Law of Ukraine; - Government decree; - Regulatory body safety requirements in nuclear energy use: SNRIU, Ministry of health, Ministry of environmental protection; - Interdepartmental guide, standards, rules: Radiation Safety Standards of Ukraine (NRBU-97), Basic Health and Safety Rules of Radiation Safety of Ukraine (OSPU-2005), - etc.

6 Main Ukrainian nuclear laws About the use of nuclear energy and radiation safety (1995) About mining and processing of uranium ores (1997) About protection of humans from the influence of ionizing radiation (1998) About licensing in the field of nuclear energy use (2001)

7 Activities on processing of uranium ores include: Designing Sitting Construction Commissioning Operation Reconstruction Decommissioning by: - Temporal stopping (preservation) - Re-profiling - Clouse out

8 Uranium ore processing According to Government decree # 1782 About the licensing procedure of separate types of activity in the field of nuclear energy use The State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine (SNRIU) is the specially authorized state body on licensing in uranium ore processing. The licensing procedure of activity in uranium ore processing is established.

9 Activity on processing of uranium ores: must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory guide on nuclear and radiation safety Requirements and terms of conducting activity on uranium ores processing (2001). Now in revision

10 Main documents that an applicant must provide for the receipt of a license on uranium ore processing are: a report on the safety analysis of activities in uranium ore processing (requirements to this report are laid down in the regulatory guide Requirements to the report on safety analysis of conducting activities in U ore processing, (NP / ); conclusions of the State expertise on radiation safety of the U ore processing project; a program of U ore processing waste management; a program of quality assurance, developed in accordance with ISO 9000 standards.

11 137 Cs in soils of Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, kbq m -2 9O Sr in soils of Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, kbq m Am in soils of Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, kbq m O Pu in soils of Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, kbq m -2

12 Concentration, Bq/l Depth Area Cs % Sr % Pu % State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine > Chernobyl cooling pond 137 Cs 90 Sr area to be always dry 1000,0 Total 137 Cs and 90 Sr in water of the Cooling Pond, monthly averaged Transition area 100,0 Cs_137T Sr_90 10,0 1,0 0, Dates area to be always under the water ( with >50% of activity

13 Specific State RWDS Nuclear Monitoring Regulatory Studies Inspectorate as the basis of for Ukraine EIA. Pilot Site FGI & Ins. of Geological Sciences and Inst.Agriculture Radioecology Laboratory module Weather meteo station Monitoring wells Pit for unsaturated zone studies

14 Current status in PVLRO characterization State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine Only 28% of the area of the Near Zone has been reasonably well characterised in recent years. For the remaining sectors there are no reliable data available. The inventory for these sectors has been estimated based on measurements of the gamma-dose rate within the dump, which were used to derive the activity of 137 Cs (this radionuclide dominates the gamma-emitting spectrum). As a result of this, the radionuclide correlation ratios from waste samples were used to derive the inventory of the remaining radionuclides and the total apha, Practical NNC,2001 Worchop on the decommissioning of U-contaminated facalities, Pretoria, South Africa, Aug 2011 beta and gamma activities. `

15 Bq/kg U 238 State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine U in bottom sediments km from the Black Sea

16 Uranium tailings in Dneprodzerzhinsk site RELEASES from tailing sites : 5 Dnierovske ( 4 water ) 7 Lazo ( 10 - water) Central Yar ( 3 water) 8 South-Eastern ( 2 water) 9 Sukhachevske ( 8, 9 air and water) Industrial Practical Worchop Site on ( the 1 decommissioning water) of U-contaminated facalities, Pretoria, South Africa, Aug 2011 Base C (6, 7)

17 Dneprovskoe tailings By-product coke plant slime pit Dniper riv. Ash-disposal area of metallurgical works Residential area Treetuzny pit Industrial site

18 Dneprovskoe tailings

19 General characteristics of the PCh.P tailings Tailing names Period of operation Area, hectares Amount of the waste, x10 6 t Volume, x10 6 m 3 Gross activity, TBq Western Central yar South-Eastern Sukhachevskoe 1 st section Sukhachevskoe 2 nd section Base C Dneprovskoe Lantan fraction

20 The monitoring well network at PChP site The system of the hydrogeological monitoring consists of 57 wells. The 49 of these wells are setted at the tailings Dneprovskoe. The tailings Western is equipped by 4 wells, a the tailings Central Yar is equipped by 3 wells. There are no monitoring wells at the tailings South- East.

21 Modeling U flux from D to Dnepr river for different scenario

22 Filtration model of tailings D site Visual Modflow 3.0 PRO is integrated soft for 3-D modeling of underground water flow and pollution (radionuclide) migration. It included design module MODFLOW, MODPATH, ZoneBudget, MT3Dxx/RT3D, and WINPEST Prediction calculation for radionuclide migration from tailings D carried out by use of the Ecolego soft, developed by SSM.

23 U flux, Bq/y State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine U flux from D to Dnepr river for different scenario U flux from "D" tailings to Dnieper River for different scenarios 2,5E+13 2E+13 base case conservative soil cover waste removal 1,5E+13 1E+13 5E time, y

24 U, Bq/L State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine U concentration in the aquiferat site boundary Preliminary estimations of effect of deleting or coverage of for different scenarios 200 tailing surface base case waste removal soil cover Practical 0 Worchop on the decommissioning of U-contaminated facalities, Pretoria, South Africa, Aug

25 Возможные стратегии реабилитации промплощадки ПХЗ и прилегающих территорий Dniper riv. Possible strategy of rehabilitation of Pridneprovsky site Coverage and waterproofing residential area LAZO Treetuzny pit Sediment box Industrial site Practical Worchop on the decommissioning of U-contaminated facalities, Pretoria, South Africa, Suhachovka Aug 2011 tailing

26 Remediation Planning Phase 0 (2009). Tailing Inventory and Safety barrier characterisation. Safety Assessment. Monitoring and Surveillance network development Phase 1 (2010). Start State Remediation Program Conceptual planning and justification of the strategy and detailed action plan. Design and Action Strategy agreement. Regulatory framework development and administrative actions. Public consideration. International Expertises of the Remediation Action Plans and designs (2011) Phase 2 ( ). Implementation of the main set of engineering as a first priority action at territory of PChP (preparatory activity and decontamination of the most contaminated buildings. Phase 3 ( ). Preliminary actions on possible removal of the tailing materials from the industrial site to the tailing D. Justification and partly relocation of the tailing materials at the surface of tailing D. Further remedial actions at a later phase have to be focused on the neighbouring areas Phase 4. ( ). Stewardship and handover the re-profiled facilities to the basic enterprises and neighbouring areas of the town.

27 Reprocessing of rock debris on Smolino mine ( Altait ). During operation of Smolino mine (from 1976) about tons of waste rock and waste of radiometry grading of uranium ore is accumulated on mine site ( t of U-ore per year). U mine Smolino, 2007

28 ALTAIT

29 Quality of atmospheric air on the dump and the «Altait complex» sites: Equivalent equilibrium volume activity of radon-222 on a dump 52,26 Bq/m 3. Equivalent equilibrium volume activity of radon-220 (toron) on a dump 2,43 Bq/m 3. Exposure radiation dose rate of gamma-radiation on a dump 176 µr/h. Exposure radiation dose rate of gamma-radiation in the distance 10 m from a dump 47 µr/h. Exposure radiation dose rate of gamma-radiation in the distance 20 m from a dump 31 µr/h. Average content of uranium in the dump - 0,022%. Average content of uranium in the dust of dump - 0,014%, and thorium 0,0038%.

30 ALTAIT operation in 2009 Result: Total quantity of waste rock extracted from a dump in t (U 0,019% average). Radiometric grading (additional) into debris pile t (U < 0,01%). ALTAIT: Directed to heap leaching t (U 0,035%). Directed to Hydrometallurgical Plant t (U 0,047%). Received the machine class t (U 0,023%) - recovery again???. Directed to the tails t (U < 0,009%).

31 Reprocessing of rock debris on Smolino mine ( Altait ) тонн The dynamics of annual accumulation of waste rock in the dump of the Smolino mine (total amount t).

32 NORM Coal Mining in Ukraine is a significant industrial sector of the economy Radiation Safety Requirements for the Mining Sector is still not well developed. According to preliminary assessment the averaged annual dose for mine workers may acceded 30 msv per year The are many old Mines closed. However they remained be as significant source of Environment contamination because polluted mine waters and Rn-releases. The essential remediation measures did not planned and implemented. Similar lack of regulatory provisions needed for Oil and Gas Industry Radiation Safety management

33 Residues and Environmental and Environmental Impact of the Coal Mines in Ukraine are potential subject for Environet Assessment Impact of the Coal Mines in Ukraine

34 Open Pit from iron-ore mine Zheltie vody City

35 THANK YOU!