DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES IN UKRAINE

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1 DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES IN UKRAINE Tatiana Kilochytska State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine Annual Forum for Regulators and Operators in the Field of Decommissioning International Decommissioning Network (IDN) Activities and Other Major Decommissioning Initiatives November 2-6, 2009 Vienna, Austria 16May 2006 JC 2nd Review Meeting, Presentation of Ukraine 1

2 The main nuclear installations in Ukraine WWER-440 (Rovno NPP) WWER-1000 (Zaporizhzhya NPP, Rovno NPP, South Ukraine NPP, Khmelnitsky NPP) РБМК-1000 (Chornobyl NPP) Research reactor (Nuclear Research Institute in Kiev, Sevastopol Nuclear Energy Institute) State special enterprises for RW management Radon Uranium mining enterprises

3 Ukrainian Energy Strategy National Strategy of Energy Development for the period up to the year 2030 approved by the government foresees: - Providing modernization measures for safety prolongation of operation period for currently operated NPP with WWER - type reactors for years - Construction of new NPP units WWER-1000 and PWR -1000/1500 of high safety

4 Ukrainian Energy Strategy One of the tasks for successful development of nuclear energy complex in Ukraine is to ensure safe radioactive waste management and future decommissioning of nuclear installations Decommissioning planning Funds available RM management system in compliance with National RW management strategy

5 Decommissioning preparation Development of decommissioning concepts at the early stages of units lifetime - for newly build units at the design stage - for existing units as soon as possible Establishment of a special account for decommissioning financial reserve accumulation Defining the final decommissioning strategy and developing the decommissioning project not later than 18 months before final shut down

6 Decommissioning concept shall be approved by the Regulatory Body is the basis for estimation of the payment to a special decommissioning fund shall be reviewed, updated and detailed during operation of the facility defines - selection of optimal decommissioning strategy based on cost / effective analysis of various options and factors - quality assurance - fuel management plans - analysis of radioactive waste management system (facilities available, needs for new ones, corresponding waste acceptance criteria in all stages of RW management) - radiation protection measures - staff training - emergency preparedness - physical protection

7 Decommissioning Fund The Law of Ukraine in 2005 set the main provisions for the establishment of the special fund for decommissioning of the Ukrainian operational NPPs The mechanism and procedures of functioning of the fund were finalized in a governmental resolution in 2006 NPP s operator shall pay to the fund annually The fund covers the cost for decommissioning project development and implementation of decommissioning The mechanism of accumulating financial resources for decommissioning should work throughout the whole facility s commercial operation lifetime The accumulated money shall be defended from being used for other needs and purposes

8 Decommissioning Fund Problems and unresolved issues Doesn t cover cost for - decommissioning of research nuclear reactors, Spend Fuel storages, NPP units in case their shut down before the end of operational term - radioactive waste management and disposal after delivery of radioactive waste to special RW management enterprises - accident liquidation Mechanisms for taking into account inflation should be foreseen

9 Decommissioning project Developed not later than 18 months before final shut down Shall be approved by the government according to the established procedure of approval of building design which involve state comprehensive expertise (including civil engineering, environment, health, fire protection, energy economy, nuclear and radiation safety) Presented: - Feasibility study (first stage) of decommissioning design - sequence, duration, content of decommissioning stages - status of a facility on the end of each decommissioning stage Together with the decommissioning project shall be adjusted to new activity following - Quality assurance program - Fuel management program - Radioactive waste management program - Radiation protection and monitoring program - Emergency plan

10 Decommissioning licensing To carry out decommissioning activity operator shall receive License Before this License is issued by State Nuclear Regulatory Committee all activity is providing within the framework of operational License For certain operations and activities on the decommissioning stage, operator has to receive separate permits on the basis of detailed safety assessment and design documentation These operations and activities have to be defined by regulatory authority in decommissioning License and are usually connected with - stages of decommission implementation (fuel removal, conservation of reactor core, dismantling) - start of operation of new waste management facilities For License application operator presents to the regulatory authority Approved Decommissioning project Safety analysis report for decommissioning Technological regulations for decommissioning

11 Requirements and practice Currently Ukrainian NPP s operator developed decommissioning plans for NPPs and agreed with Regulator as well as research reactor operator in Kiev Regulatory review results show that operator does not have a final plan for RW management for decommissioning stage Not clear whether the existing in operational stage RW management infrastructure will cover decommissioning needs such as: - enough operational lifetime of RW management facilities - types and amount of decommissioning RW - meeting characteristics for transport and final disposal of conditioned RW - compliance with the National RM Management Strategy

12 Needs for development Updated plan for RW management infrastructure development for decommissioning in accordance with National RM Management Strategy approved by the Ukrainian Government Further development of normative requirements for decommissioning: - to update decommissioning requirements taking into account practical experience and the IAEA publications; - to clarify requirements for decommissioning plan for different stage of life cycle of facility (industrial nuclear units, research nuclear reactors, spent fuel storages ); - to develop methodology of selecting the decommissioning strategy; - to develop methodologies (procedures) for clearance of materials, structures (buildings) and site from regulatory control. Development and implementation of effective mechanism (methodology) of spending money from Decommissioning Fond including control and supervision

13 CHERNOBYL NPP DECOMMISSIONING

14 Lessons learned from ChNPP decommissioning experience Unit 1 shut down 1996, Unit , Unit At that time there were: - no approved decommissioning strategy - no approved final decommissioning plan - no storage for spend fuel - no radioactive waste reprocessing facilities - no special financial fund(s) - no staff ready for new activity, etc. Result significant delays in decommissioning

15 CHERNOBYL NPP 9 years after shut down Decommissioning License issued by the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee in March 2002; Final Decommissioning Plan ( Chernobyl NPP Decommissioning Program ) agreed by the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee in March 2008; - no new dry storage for spend fuel ISF-2 - spent fuel was removed from the reactor cores of Units 1,2 and 3 to cooling ponds and existing Interim Storage ISF-1 (wet type) on Chernobyl NPP site. - no radioactive waste reprocessing facilities - special financial fund(s) annual state budget financing + international technical support - staff ready for new activity training is in progress

16 Approved «ChNPP Decommissioning Program» establishes preferred decommissioning strategy deferred dismantling (SAFSTOR) year 2002 Decommissioning License Separate permissions on staged realization year 2064 CHNPP Decommissioning Stages Operation termination Final shutdown and preservation stage Safe enclosure stage Dismantling stage

17 Ongoing Activities at ChNPP Site ( transition period between operation and decommissioning stages) Units maintenance in a safe condition; Nuclear fuel removal from Units; Infrastructure facilities construction for SF and RAW Management; Decommissioning documentation development; Reconstruction activities; Dismantling of external in relation to the reactors not influencing safety equipment; Comprehensive engineering and radiological survey data actualization; Final shutdown of Units systems and elements

18 Technological complex for ChNPP RW management Development under international cooperation LRTP Lot 1,2 Lot 3 Liquid RW Treatment Plant LRTP Industrial Complex for Solid RW Management - ICSRM Lot 1 retrieval facility of solid RW from existing solid RW storage facility Lot 2 solid RW reprocessing facility Lot 3 engineered nearsurface disposal facility for low and intermediate level, short-lived conditioned RW

19 Thank you for your attention!