SASRI FAS DATA CURRENT SOIL NUTRIENT STATUS

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1 SASRI FAS DATA CURRENT SOIL NUTRIENT STATUS RA Stranack SASRI Regional Extension Specialist North Contents Acidity: < ph 5 & < ph 4.7 Aluminium Saturation Index (ASI): > 2 & > 4 Calcium and Magnesium: Ca < 2 ppm + Mg < 75 ppm Phosphorus (Plant and ratoon samples) Potassium: < 3 clay; > 3 clay; > 4 clay Conclusions Note: FAS database Graphs show percentages of total samples for the period for different extension regions Nutrient thresholds expressed in ppm 1

2 Acidity ages of soil samples with ph < North Durban N Lower S Acidity 5 ages of soil samples with ph < North Durban N Lower S 2

3 Aluminium Saturation Index (ASI ) ages of soil samples with ASI > North Durban N Lower S Aluminium Saturation Index (ASI ) age of soil samples with ASI > N Cent S Midlands N North Durban N Midlands S Lower S 3

4 Aluminium Saturation Index (ASI ) Trend in ASI Soil 14 clay ASI Rainfall < 7 mm pa Calcium & Magnesium samples with Ca < 2 ppm; Mg < 75 ppm Calcium Magnesium 2 orth ral outh orth North Durban North outh Lower 4

5 Phosphorus ages samples (Plant) with P < 31 ppm North Durban N Lower S Phosphorus Pecentages samples (Plant) with P < 16 ppm M puma N orth Durban N Low er S C oast U m folozi 5

6 Phosphorus ages of soil samples with P>13 ppm (Ratoons) North Durban N Lower S Potassium ages of soil samples (<3 clay) with K< 112 ppm North Durban N Lower S 6

7 Potassium ages of soil samples (<3 clay) with K< 56 ppm North Durban N Lower S Potassium 3 Kgs K/ha clay Threshold 2 1 Kgs K/ha

8 Potassium Pecentages samples (clay > 3 ) with K < 15 ppm langa land orth Central orth North Durban North Midlandsds Lower Kommatipoort Potassium ages samples (clay > 3 ) with K < 75 ppm langa land North ral Midlands ds North North Durban North Midlands Lower Kommatipoort 8

9 Potassium ages samples (clay > 4) with K <225 ppm langaa land Umfoloz ozi Kommatipoort Conclusions Acidity. Are we really winning? Despite additional lime recommendations for soil health some regions have serious problems (ZC, DNC, NC & LSC). ASI. Effects of season (low rainfall) needs further investigation Large numbers of samples in some areas are deficient in Ca & Mg (ZC, NC, DNC, MS, SC & LSC). Effect on yield? Opportunities for savings in the application of P to ratoon cane but P deficiencies must be corrected at planting Note the extent of deficiency in soil K on a range of soils but particularly on soils < 3 clay. Cause for concern, and.. There is a need to confirm these deficiencies as well as those in Ca & Mg with leaf data. Also.. There is a need to investigate levels of acidity/nutrients in the subsoil. Possibility of nutrient mining? FAS has an excellent but under-utilised utilised database of sample results Need for a regular co-ordinated ordinated analysis of FAS data by region and updates of recommendations leading from the outcomes. 9

10 Acknowledgements Neil Miles Rod Harding Thank you SOIL THRESHOLD VALUES The following threshold values apply for sugarcane production in Africa. Phosphorus (P) 31 ppm (7 kg/ha) for plant cane 11 ppm (3 kg/ha) for ratoons Potassium (K) 112 ppm (25 kg/ha) clay content 3 or less 15 ppm (34 kg/ha) clay content ppm (5 kg/ha) >4 clay in northern irrigated areas (NIA) 325 ppm (75 kg/ha) - >4 clay, NIA, >4 ppm Ca+Mg, Winter cut Calcium (Ca) 2 ppm (45 kg/ha) Magnesium (Mg) 25 ppm (6 kg/ha) or 75 ppm if calcium is also deficient Zinc (Zn) 1.5 ppm only those soils from the Midlands area where lime in excess of 3 tons/ha is recommended 1. ppm clay content >15.5 ppm clay content 15 or less Sulphur (S) 15 ppm 1

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