WEIDMANN Electrical Technology. Presentation at. NETA Trade Show. March 15 th, 2016

Transcription

1 WEIDMANN Electrical Technology Presentation at NETA Trade Show March 15 th, 2016 WEIDMANN DIAGNOSTIC SOLUTIONS INC. A Member of the WICOR Group ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY

2 WICOR WORLDWIDE Company Overview

3 INSULATION - Power Transformer Company overview

4 Insulation - Distribution Transformers Insulation Overview

5 DRAWING NUMBER: Core leg 3rd Winding Core - Jack Ring Allowance Steel Jack Ring A 60 HZ BIL EQUIVALENT BIL / HR INDUCED LEVEL PHASE-PHASE Top Yoke or Jack Pad TX Jack Ring Bottom Yoke or Core Clamp 1 HR ENHANCED LEVEL PHASE-PHASE DELTA CONN. LEVEL 1 HR ENHANCED WYE CONN. PHASE-GROUND CREATED CHECKED ENGR. BY CONTRACT NUMBER CONTRACT APPROVAL DATE 3/04/93 THIRD FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION TITLE CUSTOMER NAME SIZE SCALE St. Johnsbury, VT Insulaton Clearances for Non-Steep Front/Non-Switching Surge Designs DRAWING NUMBER MAT CUSTOMER REF NO. SH. REV 1 OF 1 Insulation Overview Insulation System Design & Optimization Analyze Actual Design Develop New Design Analyze New Design Define Clearances Define Insulation Layout SK3493WP1 Insulation Clearances for NSF and NBSL Designs Voltage < VOLTAGES & BIL BIL APPLIED SETTING VOLTAGES A B C,D,E,F A CLEARANCES B C C TX Rings D WITH STATIC RING E LV Winding F E D C C HV HV Winding Winding Phase 1 B Phase 2 C1 Note: 1. Both C and C1 Minimums must be maintained. 2. End Clearances are taken from insulated static plate. 3. When Static Plates LV COIL are not present, takehv COIL HV COIL HV COIL End Clearances from insulated conductor. PHASE 1 PHASE 2 SK3493WP1 1 B R e l e a s e 1. 0 SECTION VIEW PHASE-PHASE SECTION VIEW

6 Progressive Diagnostics End User Segment - Diagnostic Services Oil Testing What sets us apart from our competition ISO Accredits competency of a laboratory to perform tests to industry standards: IEEE, IEC, ASTM. Rigorous requirements on employee competence, mgmt systems, equipment calibrations, laboratory physical environment, verification standard testing. Assure customers that laboratories follow standard exactly. Annual audits by 3 rd party auditors Only testing laboratories in US to have accreditation

7 Progressive Diagnostics Diagnostic Solutions Service Centers <2007 Original Labs 2000: Sacramento, CA Houston, TX Calgary, AB Philadelphia, PA Indianapolis, IN 2005 Burlington, ON 2009 Montreal, QC Denver, CO St. Johnsbury, VT (R&D) 2010 N. Canton, OH Saltillo, Mexico Shanghai, China Waukesha, WI TBD Poland Brazil Middle East Hubs/Satellites

8 Progressive Diagnostics ENGINEERING SERVICES Yoke OEM and Utility Transformer Engineering Design and Specification Analysis Power system(grid) analysis Power electronics 2D & 3D Electromagnetic studies for AC and HVDC transformers, rectifiers, switchgear, surge arresters, etc. Failure analysis Fleet Assessment Condition Assessment Thermal upgrades Factory and field inspections Commissioning/Decommissioning Ba

9 Information Management EDUCATION, TRAINING, AND KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER Technical Conferences Annual Client Technical Conf. Power Transformers Insulation Transformer Fluid Diagnostics Substation Maintenance and Diagnostics Regional/Local Seminars Group Training Events Customized training Offer Continuing Education Credits and IEEE and NETA Accreditations

10 Monitoring MONITOR PORTFOLIO / InsuLogix - GROWING FAMILY FOR OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE MONITORING (OPM) Sensors and Monitors B - Bushing 2013 T Mi F - Smart Insulation Integrator Platform InsuLogix Q Integrator Software enameplate (T) 2014 Health Index (T,Mp) H HM Q Multigas and Moisture 2012 WEIDMANN 2015 OPM (T,Mi,F) 2016 D - Dielectric Strength

11 Insulation Overview Complimentary Products and Logistics Services Warehousing and Inventory Mgmnt\

12 Moisture in Insulation and Transformer Dryout

13 TOPICS 1. Effects of moisture in Insulation 2. Moisture Absorption and Removal 3. Transformer Dryout Theory 4. Side effects on Dryout Process

14 Paper and Water in Transformers KVA Weight of 5% Initial Moisture Rating KV Paper (kg) kg/kva Kilograms Liters 3, , , , , , , Ref. S.D. Meyers Typically 90% of the initial moisture content will be removed to achieved a dryness of 0.5% moisture content

15 DISTRIBUTION OF WATER IN INSULATION Oil

16 HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT IN INSULATION CAN CAUSE: Significant Reduction in Dielectric Strength Accelerated Aging of the Cellulose Bubble Formation and Dielectric Failure Partial discharges in the Insulation Dry Cellulose < 0.3% by weight & Oil < 10 ppm H 2 O

17 MOISTURE CONTENT VS KV BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE Source: FM Clark Engineering Guide Book on Electrical Insulation

18 MOISTURE IN SOLID INSULATION KV Breakdown Voltage U(kV) Moisture Content x = 1% x = 4% x = 6% x = 8% x = 10% Power Factor Power factor tan (%) Temperature ( C ) Temperature ( C ) Moisture Content x = 1% x = 4% x = 6% x = 8% x = 10%

19 MOISTURE ACCELERATES AGEING PROCESS Source: H.P.Moser - Transformerboard

20 Critical temperature for bubble evolution 190 Kobayashi rapid heating 170 Kobayashi slow heating Temperature Davydov Oommen gas free 90 Oommen gas saturated WCP % w/w Ref. Sparling, Brian; GE Energy,

21 Topics 1. Effects of moisture in Insulation 2. Moisture Absorption and Removal 3. Transformer Dryout Theory 4. Side effects on Dryout Process

22 WHY DOES CELLULOSE ABSORRB WATER CHEMICAL BACKGROUND Due to the high number of hydroxyl-groups is the cellulose molecule very hydroscopic; meaning, these groups attract water molecules (H 2 O). CH 2 OH HO O HO OH O HO CH 2 OH OH O CH 2 OH O HO OH n - 2 OH

23 HOW MUCH WATER IS ABSORBED (AFTER LONG EXPOSURE TO AMBIENT) The amount of absorbed water is mainly governed by the relative humidity of the environment. It is hardly influenced by the type of cellulose used. The (relative) amount of water is not (or only marginally) dependent on: The thickness of the board / paper The density of the board / paper Temperature Oil impregnation (without / with oil)

24 HOW MUCH WATER IS ABSORBED (AFTER LONG EXPOSURE TO AMBIENT) Water content [%] low density Moisture equilibrium of Transformerboard at 23 C and 50% rh conditioned not oil impregnated high density low density oil impregnated high density Thickness [mm]

25 HOW FAST IS WATER ABSORBED How fast water is absorbed is governed by: The thickness of the board / paper The density of the board / paper Temperature Oil impregnation (without / with oil) Circulation of the surrounding medium (air / oil)

26 HOW FAST IS WATER ABSORBED Influence of the thickness Transformerboard T IV Water absorption [%] mm 3 mm 5 mm 8 mm Time [days]

27 HOW FAST IS WATER ABSORBED W a te r a b so rp tio n [% ] g/cm³ Influence of the density Board thickness 3 mm 1.25 g/cm³ Time [days]

28 HOW FAST IS WATER ABSORBED Influence of the temperature Transformerboard T IV, 3 mm W a te r a b s o rp tio n [% ] C 10 C Time [days]

29 HOW FAST IS WATER ABSORBED Influence of the oil impregnation Transformerboard T IV, 3 mm W ater absorption [%] not oil impregnated oil impregnated Time [days]

30 HOW FAST CAN WATER BE REMOVED FROM TRANSFORMERBOARD The drying process is a diffusion process. The rate of drying is therefore governed by the same parameters: Temperature Pressure Material thickness Material density Oil impregnated (without / with)

31 Topics 1. Effects of moisture in Insulation 2. Moisture Absorption and Removal 3. Transformer Dryout Theory 4. Side effects on Dryout Process

32 VACUUMING WITHOUT APPLICATION OF HEAT Heat of Vaporization Energy required to change from Liquid phase to Vapor phase..< Vacuum Level Study indicates that Vacuuming without application of heat : - No further benefit if > 24 hours - free room temperature 4 torr - heat of vaporization would lower the temperature to a point where remaining water will freeze making extensive vacuuming pointless Temperature > Good Practice Application of Heat multiple times during the Dryout Process

33 Topics 1. Effects of moisture in Insulation 2. Moisture Absorption and Removal 3. Transformer Dryout Theory 4. Side effects on Dryout Process

34 SIDE EFFECTS OF DRYING PROCESS 1. Effects on DP

35 EXPERIMENT EFFECTS ON DP Thin high-density pressboard samples (1 mm) Oven temperature: 105, 120, 140 C Time: 14 days Hot air circulation vs. Vacuum DP measurements during drying.

36 EXPERIMENT RESULT: Transformerboard T IV 1 mm Drying in air Transformerboard T IV, 1 mm, Aging in Air Degree of Polymerisation C 120 C 140 C Days

37 EXPERIMENT RESULT: D egree of Polymerisation Transformerboard T IV 1 mm Drying in air and in vacuum (dashed lines) vacuum vacuum vacuum 105 C 120 C 140 C Time (days)

38 POWER TRANSFORMER DP record: Pulp 1350 // new insulation 1200 // after drying 1000

39 EXAMPLE: Transformer life starts with DP 1000 versus 1200

40 CONCLUSION [T.V. Oommen, L.N. Arnold] Loss of transformer lifetime due to insulation drying: noticeable but not worrying DP years DP ½ years DP years

41 THANK YOU Questions??