Gary A. Burlingame SE District AWWA and Eastern Section WWOAP Fall Technical Conference Thursday, October 22, 2015

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1 Ushering the Lead and Copper Rule through Controversy and Gary A. Burlingame SE District AWWA and Eastern Section WWOAP Fall Technical Conference Thursday, October 22, 2015

2 Caught in a Trap, Can t Get Out Years of debate continued over the control of lead in water and the reduction of risks Health community is focused on paint and soil Some water systems still had problems Research continued to raise more questions Lead is complicated Many lead services lines still exist

3 The Levels of Concern are Getting Lower Children s blood levels continue to fall such that contributions from less significant sources become more important Source: biomonitoring/lead.html 3

4 AND The ultimate goal is zero exposure from all sources 70 Blood Lead Level of Concern Public failures raise concern and lessen public confidence Seattle Post- Intelligencer Lead-Tainted Water in Seattle Schools Stuns Parents District should have told them of danger, they say By DEBORAH BACH, SEATTLE POST-INTELLIGENCER, 7/1/04 Blood Lead Levels (ug/dl) Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 4

5 Is Lead Still an Issue? Real health concerns The most vulnerable populations are pregnant women and bottle-fed infants Available epidemiology studies indicate potential additional health and quality-of-life risks Lead is a hazard of concern to the general public High emotional content 5

6 Image Courtesy Madison Water Utility 6

7 EPA must take Additional action 6 years 17 years Lead Ban takes effect LCR Published (1991) Initial OCCT install. at systems >50,000 pop. Served (< 1998) Revised lead ban takes effect (2014) The Washington Post Little Action on Lead Warnings Many D.C. Residents Remain Unaware of Problem By Monte Reel and Sarah Cohen, Washington Post Staff Writers 3/14/04 NDWAC Work Group ( ) Focused on lead public education (part of national review) Short Term Revisions (2007) Intended to be a good first step, not the entire solution NDWAC Work Group ( ) Recommendations for Long-Term LCR

8 So How Do We Get Out of this Trap? EPA Special Interest Groups Water Systems

9 Long Term Revision of the LCR Stakeholder process was re-opened to get better consensus on the most difficult issues vs EPA pushing an agenda-based regulation through NDWAC Working Group makes recommendations to National Drinking Water Advisory Council in Fall 2015 NDWAC will then make its recommendations to the EPA Administrator later in 2015 EPA will take all of 2016 to formulate a proposed LTR-LCR 9

10 Issues Discussed by NDWAC Workgroup Sampling Procedures Sample Site Selection Corrosion Control Lead Service Line Replacement Lead Education Copper Corrosion State Enforcement 10

11 Sampling is a Very Complicated and Intensive Undertaking Offering incentives Sampler may leave program Outreach Connecting with potential samplers Look for appropriate Sample sites Results distributed Explaining request Valid sample obtained Confirm site is appropriate Respond to questions Agreement to participate Sample materials delivered 11 Graphic Courtesy Maggie Rogers

12 Results from LSLs are Difficult to Interpret Dissolved Lead We have theoretical and practical experience with corrosion control Particulate Lead Almost no theoretical or practical experience We don t know if it is possible to manage particulate lead release using centralized corrosion control treatment Image courtesy M Edwards 12

13 Where are the LSLs? Is there an inventory of service lines? How can lead service lines be located? Are there opportunities to engage real estate and home inspectors? 13 Images courtesy of Framingham Water and BWSC

14 A Conceptual Approach to Copper Categorize systems by finished water aggressiveness (alkalinity, ph ) Monitor distribution system water quality Targeted outreach if water is aggressive Sample only if water is aggressive Apply corrosion control when needed 14

15 Overview of Recommended Revised Lead and Copper Rule Framework te: Compliance steps are embedded throughout the framework Lead Control Program Provide Public Education Information and Consumer Confidence Report Copper Control Program Provide Information in Consumer Confidence Report Monitoring & Corrosion Control needed? Water Parameter Monitoring Do Lead Service Lines Exist? Lead Service Line Replacement Program HAL Requested Tap Sampling SAL Is water corrosive? Public Education such that water is not corrosive or Source Contact Health Agency and Report to State State and Evaluate CCT and other or Source

16 Public Education is a Cornerstone Lead Control Program Copper Control Program Provide Public Education Information and Consumer Confidence Report Provide Information in Consumer Confidence Report Monitoring & Corrosion Control needed? Water Parameter Monitoring Do Lead Service Lines Exist? Lead Service Line Replacement Program HAL Requested Tap Sampling SAL Is water corrosive? Public Education such that water is not corrosive or Source Contact Health Agency and Report to State State and Evaluate CCT and other or Source

17 Water Monitoring is Expanded Lead Control Program Copper Control Program Provide Public Education Information and Consumer Confidence Report Provide Information in Consumer Confidence Report Monitoring & Corrosion Control needed? Water Parameter Monitoring Do Lead Service Lines Exist? Lead Service Line Replacement Program HAL Requested Tap Sampling SAL Is water corrosive? Public Education such that water is not corrosive or Source Contact Health Agency and Report to State State and Evaluate CCT and other or Source

18 Corrosion Control is Retained Lead Control Program Copper Control Program Provide Public Education Information and Consumer Confidence Report Provide Information in Consumer Confidence Report Monitoring & Corrosion Control needed? Water Parameter Monitoring Do Lead Service Lines Exist? Lead Service Line Replacement Program HAL Requested Tap Sampling SAL Is water corrosive? Public Education such that water is not corrosive or Source Contact Health Agency and Report to State State and Evaluate CCT and other or Source

19 Find and Remove LSLs as Long-term Goal Lead Control Program Copper Control Program Provide Public Education Information and Consumer Confidence Report Provide Information in Consumer Confidence Report Monitoring & Corrosion Control needed? Water Parameter Monitoring Do Lead Service Lines Exist? Lead Service Line Replacement Program HAL Requested Tap Sampling SAL Is water corrosive? Public Education such that water is not corrosive or Source Contact Health Agency and Report to State State and Evaluate CCT and other or Source

20 Re-evaluate when changes occur Lead Control Program Copper Control Program Provide Public Education Information and Consumer Confidence Report Provide Information in Consumer Confidence Report Monitoring & Corrosion Control needed? Water Parameter Monitoring Do Lead Service Lines Exist? Lead Service Line Replacement Program HAL Requested Tap Sampling SAL Is water corrosive? Public Education such that water is not corrosive or Source Contact Health Agency and Report to State State and Evaluate CCT and other or Source

21 Sampling: Continuous & Initiated Lead Control Program Copper Control Program Provide Public Education Information and Consumer Confidence Report Provide Information in Consumer Confidence Report Monitoring & Corrosion Control needed? Water Parameter Monitoring Do Lead Service Lines Exist? Lead Service Line Replacement Program HAL Requested Tap Sampling SAL Is water corrosive? Public Education such that water is not corrosive or Source Contact Health Agency and Report to State State and Evaluate CCT and other or Source

22 The current LCR would keep us running in a circle, forever! The revised LCR sets a long-term goal to get us to a place where such a Rule may no longer be needed

23 THANK YOU Acknowledgements: Stephen Estes-Smargiassi, Director of Planning, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority Steve Via, Regulatory Affairs Manager, American Water Works Association, Washington, DC 23 23