Development/Adoption of Standards for Solid Biomass Fuels in Canada

Transcription

1 Development/Adoption of Standards for Solid Biomass Fuels in Canada Fernando Preto and Sebnem Madrali CanmetENERGY / NRCan Ontario BioHeat Workshop / March 2015

2 CanmetENERGY assists industry to develop cleaner, energyefficient and cost-effective biomass conversion processes. The Bioenergy Program focuses on optimizing the performance of biomass energy technologies and developing new products and technologies for sustainable development.

3

4

5 5

6 6 Bioheat in Canada In 2000 there were 5 community bio-heat systems in Canada 1 In 2012 there were only 3 in Ontario, but 11 by In 2014 Canada there were ~230 biomass based heating systems in the range of 150 kw(th) to 5 MW(th) providing heat to public & institutional buildings, community district energy systems, commercial buildings, residential buildings, and facilities in small industrial sector, farms and over 50 greenhouses 2 There is? lots of interest from remote & off-grid communities, commercial & institutional sectors, small scale industrial users, provinces Biomass is local 1: Canbio 2: CanmetENERGY/Torchlight

7 Various strategies and policies to develop / foster bioheat markets are implemented by jurisdictions. Environmental approval requirements vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. 7

8 Variability in Solid Biomass Fuels: Sizes range from dust to pieces of 2x4 Ash content ranges from <1% to >20% Moisture Content ranges 0 to 60% Bulk density can range from 15 to 350 kg/m3 Fuel Performance Combustion systems are designed for a specific fuel Failure to meet fuel specifications result in reduced performance and increased emissions Without standards trained personnel are guessing fuel specs 8

9 Safety and Confidence Explosivity Off gassing Storage Windsor Star, Jan 31, 2006

10 Standards for Solid Biomass Fuels are necessary to allow them become a commodity fuel that users can buy with the expectation of trouble free operation Facilitate free and fair cross-border trade Facilitate quality assessment of solid biomass resources Facilitate efficient permitting of bioenergy systems (biomass fuel specifications and certified combustor) Minimize emission of pollutants Ensure safe handling and storage of solid biofuels 10

11 A Game Market Changing Approach Develop / Adopt standards for solid biomass fuels improve consistency and quality of solid biomass fuels link fuel quality to equipment performance Develop / Adopt standards for biomass heating equipment establish minimum equipment performance characteristics lead to increased performance consistency across Canada link equipment performance to fuel quality Establish better understanding and best practices for storage of forest biomass changes brought about through storage optimisation of storage impact of storage on biomass characteristics for subsequent processes 11

12 Solid Biomass Fuel Standard Global Landscape Standards for Biofuels 12

13 Standards for Biofuels 13

14 Standards for Biofuels 14

15 Standards for Solid Biomass Fuels in Canada Canada is a voting member of ISO Technical Committee 238 (ISO/TC238) Solid Biofuels since its inception in 2008 Canadian Standards Association (CSA) has been accredited by Standards Council of Canada (SCC) to manage a harmonized mirror technical Committee on Solid Biofuels (ISO/TC238) in 2013 This is in response to market needs outlined by users (biofuel industry and government agencies). Members of CSA/TC238 are stakeholders representing industry, interest organizations and government 15

16 CSA Solid Solid Biofuels Biomass Standards Fuel Standards Development Development in Canada Standards Council of Canada (SCC) Accreditation of Standards Development Organizations such as CSA CSA Board of Directors Standards for Biofuels Standards Policy Board Strategic Steering Committee Technical Committee JB127 Solid Biofuels Standards Mirror Committee SMC/ISO/TC238 Solid Biofuels * drafting consultation consensus - voting Canadain Canadian Standards Standards CAN/CSA-ISO e.g. XXXXX CAN/CSA-ISO XXXXX CSA-XXXXX New Work Item Proposal (NWIP) Several months Working Document (WD) Committee Draft (CD) * Used to be Canadian Advisory Committee CAC/ISO/TC238 Draft International Standard (DIS) Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) 3-5 months 3-5 months 5-6 months 2-3 months ISO/TC238 Solid Biofuels Standards Development International Standards e.g. EN-ISO XXXXX DIN-EN-ISO XXXXX SIS-EN-ISO XXXXX 16

17 Example of Information in ISO Specification of commercial & residential wood pellets Property Standard A1 A2 B Origin and source EN ISO Stemwood Chemically untreated wood* Whole trees Stem wood 1.1 Forest plantation and other virgin wood Logging residues Chemically untreated wood 1.2 By-products and residues Chemically untreated used wood Diameter and length (D and L, mm) ISO D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer, <45mm) D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer, <45mm) D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer <45mm) 17

18 Example of Information in ISO Specification of commercial & residential wood pellets Property Standard A1 A2 B Moisture (M) w-% ISO M10 < 10 M10 < 10 M10 < 10 Ash (A) % d ISO A0.7 < 0,7 A1.2 < 1,2 A2.0 < 2,0 Bulk density (BD) kg/m 3 ISO BD600 > 600 BD600 > 600 BD600 > 600 Fines (F) w-% EN F1.0 < 1.0 F1.0 < 1.0 F1.0 < 1.0 Durability (DU) w-% ISO DU97.5 > 97.5 DU97.5 > 97.5 DU96.5 > 96.5 Net calorific value (Q), as received, MJ/kg, kwh/kg) ISO Q16.5 > 16,5 Q4.6 > 4.6 Q16.5 > 16,5 Q4.6 > 4.6 Q16.5 > 16,5 Q4.6 > 4.6 Cl (w-% dry) ISO Cl0.02 < 0,02 Cl0.02 < 0,02 Cl0.03 < 0,03 N (w-% dry) ISO N0.3 < 0,3 N0.5 < 0,5 N1.0 < 1,0 S (w-% dry) ISO S0.04 < 0,04 S0.05 < 0,05 S0.05 < 0,05 18

19 New ISO TC238 Working Group 7 Biomass Safety Safe handling and storage in commercial and industrial applications Part 1: General Safe handling and storage in commercial and industrial applications Part 2: Detection, Suppression and management of fires and explosions Safe handling and storage of wood pellets in residential and other small-scale Applications Determination of self-heating Determination of off-gassing and oxygen depletion 19

20 20 Slide Courtesy Cam McAlpine

21 Safety Certification Module under WG-7 A New module proposed by Canada Primarily targets pellet plants with applicability also for sawmills and beyond Best Practices for Safe Design, Operation and Maintenance of production plants Potentially to form the basis for an ISO Safety Certification Standard 21

22 New Initiatives: Solid Biomass Fuel Technical Bulletins expected publication summer 2015 Biomass to Solid Biofuels - Raising the level of wood-based fuels Solid Biofuels Primer Fuel Specifications and Classes o Firewood o Wood Chips o Wood Pellets o Wood Briquettes CSA/ISO Solid Biofuel Standards - Fuel Specifications, Classes and Test Methods Annual Update of Canadian BioHeat Survey Biofuels App? 22

23 New Initiatives: Federal PERD has allocated over $1.5M to a new project starting April 2015: Development of Standards and Optimization of Storage as Market Drivers for Bioenergy including following tasks: Task 8: Support Canadian participation to the International Standard Organisation Technical Committee (ISO / TC) 238 on Solid Biomass Fuels and CSA Technical Committee for the ISO / TC 238 Task 9: Database of Fuel Characteristics for Canadian agricultural biomass feedstocks specifications and quality in comparison to the proposed ISO Task 10: Performance and emission measurements using a selected number of installed equipment across Canada and in-house conversion facilities at CanmetENERGY Ottawa. 23

24 Task 9 - Database of Fuel Characteristics for Canadian agricultural biomass feedstocks specifications and quality in comparison to the proposed ISO Establish a working group with AAFC, and provincial agricultural department and producers Collect Agricultural biomass feedstocks that are most relevant to Canada according to Region, Crop residue, process residue, forage; Harvest time & equipment; Storage (left on land for rain wash / dry) Analyze agricultural biomass feedstocks that are most relevant to Canadian farmers and producers for their fuel characteristics (ultimate, proximate, ash, Moisture content, ash composition, calorific value and halogen content). Generate an MS-Excel based database to act as the repository of key and relevant data such as growing location & season, harvesting time, weather data, storage history etc. Analysis of comparison of Canadian agricultural biomass fuel data to proposed ISO standards. 24

25 Take Home Markets for solid biomass are fast growing and offer significant opportunities Standardization of solid biomass fuels and heating equipment is critical to ensure the right fuels are used in the equipment designed to handle them 25

26 Acknowledgements Funding under Federal Panel on Energy R&D (PERD) - Bioenergy Portfolio Standards Project Steering Committee Members: Karry Anne Campbell, OMNRF (co-lead) Ahmad Husseini, Canadian Standard Association David Dubois, Wood Waste 2 Rural Heat David Dungate, Biomass Thermal Energy Council David Lovekin, Pembina Institute Dominik Roser, FPInnovations Ryan Munro, Canadian Institute of Forestry Staffan Melin, Wood Pellet Association of Canada Sebnem Madrali, CanmetENERGY, NRCan (co-lead) Fernando Preto, CanmetENERGY, NRCan preto@nrcan.gc.ca