Biomass Torrefaction Workshop

Transcription

1 Biomass Torrefaction Workshop Biomass Upgrading Basics Luis M. Cerezo Technical Executive Renewable Energies Pensacola, Fl April 13, 2011

2 Biomass a diverse energy source 2

3 US BIOMASS FEED STOCKS ARE ABUNDANT BIOMASS CONSUPTIUM FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION MAY DOUBLE EVERY 10 YEARS UP TO

4 US AVAILABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE BIOMASS NREL/TP Dec 2005 SUSTAINABLE BIOMASS MAY SUBSTITUTE > 10% COAL GENERATION IN THE US BY 2030 PROVIDING > 500 BILLION kwh/year 4

5 BIOMASS FOREST AND CROP DISTRIBUTION ABOUT 350 MILLION DRY TONS/YEAR >450 MILLION DRY TONS/YEAR 5

6 BIOMASS IS A DIFFICULT ENERGY SOURCE PRODUCTION HARVESTING/COLLECTION HANDLING TRANSPORT STORAGE PRE-TREATMENT (MILLING..) FEEDING CONVERSION 6

7 BIOMASS CO-FIRING CONCEPTS 7

8 DRIVERS FOR BIOMASS CO-FIRING Reduce CO2/SOx Emissions Federal/States Targets for RPS Co-firing Biomass is the Lowest Capital and O&M cost option Shortest term, Lowest risk option Advantage of high efficiency of large coal plants (coal 38%, dedicated biomass 25%) Reduction of NOx and SOx emissions Co-firing diversifies Plant fuel Portfolio Jobs creation 8

9 CO-FIRING BOILER MODIFICATIONS FACTORS TO CONSIDER BIOMASS FUEL CHARACTERISTICS (PARTICLE SIZE, ASH MELTING AND SOFTENING TENDENCY, CHLORINE CONTENT, CALORIFIC VALUE, REQUIRED RESIDENCE TIME IN THE FURNACE..) EFFECT OF SLAGGING, FOULING, LIFE-TIME EFFECT ON H/T SURFACES OF DEPOSIT FORMATION IMPACT ON EMISSIONS AND EFFICIENCY BOILER OUT-PUT POTENTIAL REDUCTION LIMITATIONS ON BIOMASS % FROM MILLING AND AIR/FUEL FEED CAPACITY OVER-ALL TECH PERFORMANCE SITE SPECIFIC ENG AND DESIGN 9

10 EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION OF MEASURES IN MITIGATING BIOMASS CO-FIRING PROBLEMS (EUR EN) 10

11 Biomass Pre-Treatment to reduce co-firing constraints BIO-COAL Coal is conventional Turn Biomass into Bio-coal High Energy density >3x biomass/1,5-2x wood pellets Water resistant No swelling or des-integration No/less bio-degradation Excellent Grindability Similar to coal Good Combustion and Gasification properties >>15% Biomass Heat Input Co-firing FEASIBLE CHALLENGE GET A HIGH ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND AFFORDABLE COST FOR BIO-COAL 11

12 Pyrolysis/Gasification/Combustion Processes 12

13 TORREFACTION..General process Description (ECN.nl) 13

14 Biomass Quality Improvement through Torrefaction+ Pelletization (ToP) =BIO-COAL (ECN) Bio-Coal 14

15 Good grindability and reactivity of ToP biomass (ECN tests) 15

16 ToP PRE-TRATMENT RANGE OF APPLICATIONS CO-FIRING IN PULVERIZED COAL EXISTING BOILERS >> 25% HEAT INPUT FT REACTOR BIOMASS STORAGE AND LONG DISTANCE TRANSPORT (IMPORTS) (CO-)FIRING IN EGF GASIFIERS FOR POWER (IGSCC) O FUELS SMALL SCALE PELLET BOILERS AND STOVES EFG-SIEMENS 16

17 MARKET HIGH POTENTIAL STATES FOR ToP CO-FIRING SCREENING CRITERIA AVG. DELIVERED COAL PRICES HIGH COAL USE FOR GENERATION IN PC BOILERS. LOW-COST BIOMASS FEED STOCK HIGH RPS REQUIREMENTS CO2 CAP AND TRADE LAND FILL TIPPING FEES Ontario (CANADA) has a very high potential too 17

18 Some ToP COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES ECN (NL).MOVING BED REACTOR TOPELL (NL)..TORBED REACTOR AIRLESS SYS (UK) SUPERHEATED STEAM REACTOR STRAMPROY/BGP (NL) CDS-AIRLESS Dryer REACTOR WYSSMONT (USA) DISK TURBO-DRYER REACTOR 18

19 Keys to reduce ToP Total production costs OPTIMIZATION OF TORREFACTION CONDITIONS (T, RESIDENCE TIME, NET PROCESS EFFICIENCY) OPTIMUM OUTPUT CAPACITY USE BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK AS UTILITY FUEL IF BELOW AUTOTHERMAL OPERATION FEEDSTOCK FLEXIBILITY SPECIFIC GAS FROM DRYING CLEANING TECHNOLOGIES INTEGRATION OF TORREFACTION AND PELLETIZING PROCESSES TO IMPROVE ENERGY BALANCE. 19

20 EPRI s ToP Development Activities Issued TOP Technology Assessment Report # / Issued TI Aspen Plus Torrefaction Model # / Issued TI Small Scale Production Testing of TOP from woody and herbaceous feedstock # / Issued Test Burns of Torrefied wood # / Front End Engineering and Design of Small Modular Movable ToP plants Report # / On-going Biomass washing- leaching technology Bench Batch Testing Summary Report scheduled 5/

21 Together Shaping the Future of Electricity 21

22 DIRECT CONTACT MOVING BED DRYER & TORREFACTION REACTOR (ECN- GEA..) Compact reactor Small Foot print High heat transfer rates Accurate T control Uniform product quality Feed Stock flexibility Low Capital Investment 22

23 Wyssmont Turbo-Tray Convection Dryer for torrefaction UNIFORM /RAPID DRYING PRECISELY CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE LOW ENERGY/LABOR COSTS CONTINOUS FEED EASY TO ADJUST SELF CLEANING WIPING ACTION EASY STAR-UP ON DIFFERENT MATERIALS LOW MAINTENANCE COST HIGH RELIABILITY CAN USE ANY SUPLEMENTAL HEATING MEDIUM (STEAM, WASTE GAS, ELECTRICITY VERTICAL CONSTRUCTION (LOW FOOT PRINT) ACCURATE SCALE-UP 23

24 THE SPIRAL FLASH CONVECTION REACTOR (TORFTECH UK)- GMF GOUDA (NL)..GEA-NIRO HIGH SCALABILITY OF THE PROCESS PLANT SMALL REACTOR SIZE PER GIVEN CAPACITY DUE TO BETTER HEAT TRANSFER WITHIN THE REACTOR GOOD CONTROLLABILITY OF THE REACTOR LOW MAINTENANCE DUE TO LACK OF MOVING PARTS HIGH THOROUGH AND HOMOGENOUS PROCESS THANKS TO FASTER KINETICS LOW PRESSURE RESULTING IN HIGHER ENERGY EFFICIENCY TOLERANCE OF WIDE RANGE OF FEED PARTICLE SIZE AND MOISTURE CONTENT RAPID START-UP/SHUTDOWN LOW SOLIDS HOLD-UP PROVIDES PROTECTION FROM FEED BLOCKAGES/ INTERRUPTIUMS. 24

25 BGP ENG+STRAMPROY(NL) MILD PYROLYSIS TORREF- PROCESS FOR BIOMASS (Airless-SHS dryer) 25

26 Airless Systems..SHSteam Dryer-Torrefaction Continuous feed Dryer and Torrefaction system. High throughput Smaller plant, capital and operating cost savings Superheated steam at atmospheric pressure Reduced drying times Recapture and reuse heat and fuel from in process biomass Not need of a hot air exhaust stack Demin. Water, no noxious emissions, reduced anti pollution costs Quick start-up time High efficiency ratio (>85%) 26

27 Typical BIOMASS Mwth SUPPORTED vs. P-PLANT DISTANCE (miles) ToP WP FGW AW EC FGW.Forest Green Wood AW. Agricultural Wastes EC. Energy Crops WP. Wood Pellets ToP. Torrefaction+Pelletizing 27