Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Draft Initial Study / Mitigated Negative Declaration July 2016

Transcription

1 Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Draft Initial Study / Mitigated Negative Declaration July 2016 Prepared for: City of Santa Monica Planning and Community Development Department 1685 Main Street Santa Monica, CA Prepared by: Rincon Consultants, Inc. 180 N. Ashwood Avenue Ventura, CA 93

2 Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Draft Initial Study / Mitigated Negative Declaration Prepared for: City Santa Monica Planning and Community Development Department 1685 Main Street Santa Monica, California Prepared by: Rincon Consultants, Inc. 180 North Ashwood Avenue Ventura, California 93 July 2016

3 This report is printed on 50% recycled paper.

4 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Initial Study Project Title Lead Agency Name and Address Contact Person and Phone Number Project Location Project Applicant/ Sponsor s Name and Address General Plan Designation Zoning Description of Project Surrounding Land Uses and Setting Project Approvals Required...10 Environmental Factors Potentially Affected...13 Determination...14 Environmental Checklist...15 I. Aesthetics/ Shadows...15 II. Agriculture and Forestry Resources...18 III. Air Quality...20 IV. Biological Resources...25 V. Construction Effects...29 VI. Cultural Resources...30 VII. Geology and Soils...34 VIII. Greenhouse Gas Emissions...38 IX. Hazards and Hazardous Materials...41 X. Hydrology and Water Quality...44 XI. Land Use and Planning...50 XII. XIII. Mineral Resources...54 Neighborhood Effects...55 July 2016 Page i of 76

5 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION XIV. Noise...56 XV. Population and Housing...59 XVI. Public Services...60 XVII. Recreation...62 XVIII. Transportation/ Traffic...63 IX. Utilities and Service Systems...66 XX. Mandatory Findings of Significance...71 References...73 List of Figures Figure 1 Project Location Map...11 Figure 2 Project Site and Vicinity...12 List of Tables Table 1 SCAQMD Thresholds of Significance...21 Table 2 SCAQMD LST s for Emissions in SRA Table 3 Estimated Maximum Daily Construction Emissions...23 Table 4 Development Adjacent to Proposed Project Elements...29 Table 5 Zoning Requirements for the Project Site...51 Table 6 Project Consistency with the Goals and Policies of SCAG and LUCE...52 Table 7 Project Typical Noise Levels Generated by Construction Equipment...57 Table 8 Utilities Serving the City of Santa Monica...68 Table 9 Solid Waste Facilities Serving the City of Santa Monica...70 Appendix 1 CalEEMod Calculations List of Appendices Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Biological Resources Review CNDDB Summary Table Critical Habitat Historical Range Section 106 Findings July 2016 Page ii of 76

6 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION INTRODUCTION This document is an Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/MND) to evaluate potential environmental effects resulting from implementation of the proposed Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project (also referenced herein as SWIP or the project ). The proposed project is subject to the guidelines and regulations of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). Therefore, this document has been prepared in compliance with the relevant provisions of CEQA and the 2016 State CEQA Guidelines as implemented by the City of Santa Monica. This IS/MND evaluates the potential direct, indirect, and cumulative environmental effects associated with the proposed project. PURPOSE AND LEGAL AUTHORITY Under CEQA (Public Resources Code Section 21000, et. Seq.) and the 2015 State CEQA Guidelines, the City of Santa Monica as lead agency is required to analyze the potential environmental impacts of a project. Senate Bill 88 (SB 88) signed into law in 2015, made changes to the CEQA review process for recycled water projects. Specifically, SB 88 provides a narrowly tailored CEQA for a class of water recycling projects that will not impact sensitive environments. The purpose of the bill was to address the State s extreme drought conditions. These regulations are written in CEQA Section , which state that: (a) This division does not apply to a project that satisfied both of the following: 1) The project is approved or carried out by a public agency for the purpose of mitigating drought conditions for which a state of emergency was proclaimed by the Governor on January 17, 2014, pursuant to Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 8550) of Division 1 of Title 2 of Government Code 2) The project consists of construction or expansion of recycled water pipeline and directly related infrastructure within existing rights of way and directly related groundwater replenishment, if the project does not affect wetlands or sensitive, and where the construction impacts are fully mitigated consistent with applicable law (b) This section shall remain operative until the state of emergency due to drought conditions declared by the Governor in the proclamation issued on January 17, 2014 has expired or until January 1, 2017, whichever occurs first, and as of January 1, 2017 is repealed unless a subsequent statute amends or repeals that date. Although the SWIP is a recycled water project that is statutorily exempt from CEQA as set forth in Section of CEQA, the City of Santa Monica has prepared this IS/MND to qualify for State Revolving Fund financial assistance from the State Water Resources Control Board. This IS/MND addresses all environmental issues listed in Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines. Based on the analysis provided within this IS/MND, the City has concluded that the project will not result in significant impacts on the environment. This IS/MND, which is ultimately required to be adopted by the City Council, is intended as an informational document. July 2016 Page 1 of 76

7 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION CITY OF SANTA MONICA INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION AND NEIGHBORHOOD IMPACT STATEMENT 1. Project title: Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project (SWIP) 2. Lead agency name and address: City of Santa Monica 1685 Main Street Santa Monica, CA Contact person and phone number: Tom Watson (310) tom.watson@smgov.net 4. Project location: The project site is located in the city of Santa Monica, in western Los Angeles County. Primary improvements associated with the project will occur at the existing Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling Facility (SMURRF), Santa Monica Civic Center parking lot, and Memorial Park, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and discussed in Section 8. The street addresses for these locations are provided below. Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling Facility 1625 Appian Way Santa Monica, CA Civic Center (parking lot) 1855 Main St. Santa Monica, CA Memorial Park 1401 Olympic Blvd. Santa Monica, CA Project applicant/sponsor's name and address: City of Santa Monica Department of Public Works 1685 Main Street Santa Monica, CA General plan designation: Oceanfront SWIP Element 1 (SMURRF and City Beach Maintenance Yard) Parks and Open Space SWIP Elements 2 and 3 (Civic Center parking lot and Memorial Park) July 2016 Page 2 of 76

8 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION 7. Zoning: Oceanfront (OF) SWIP Element 1 Parks and Open Space (OS) SWIP Elements 2 and 3 8. Description of Project: The City of Santa Monica Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project (SWIP) consists of three integral project elements: Element 1: Brackish/Saline Impaired Groundwater Reuse Element 2: Recycled Municipal Wastewater Production and Conjunctive Reuse Element 3: Stormwater Harvesting and Reuse Together these elements will provide for advance treatment and reuse of brackish/salineimpaired groundwater, recycled municipal wastewater, and stormwater runoff. Tangible benefits of the SWIP include the following: Harvest up to 4.5 million gallons (MG) of stormwater from any single storm event for treatment and reuse Improve beach and bay water quality through the reduction of stormwater discharges Comply with State Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) and Enhanced Watershed Management Plan (EWMP) stormwater nonpoint source pollution control measures for Santa Monica Bay Recycle 1.0 million gallons per day (MGD) of municipal wastewater for reuse, including future indirect potable reuse via aquifer recharge Treat up to 0.5 MGD of stormwater and/or brackish-saline-impaired groundwater for beneficial reuse Conserve over 1,680 acre-feet per year (AFY) (547.4 MG) of groundwater or imported water Reduce energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the production and transport of imported water The purpose of the SWIP is to contribute to existing programs and plans aimed toward achieving water supply sustainability, as discussed below. Clean Beaches Initiative- Deauville Tank Project. To improve beach water quality and increase the amount of stormwater available for treatment and reuse at the SMURRF, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) recently awarded a Clean Beaches Initiative (CBI) grant to the City. These funds will be utilized to construct a set of modular, underground, stormwater storage tanks immediately north of the Santa Monica Pier beneath the Deauville parking lot (Deauville). The tanks will have a capacity of 1.6 MG (i.e., 85 th percentile storm event) and will harvest runoff from the City s Pier Drainage Area. Additional discussion of the CBI project is provided under Element 1. July 2016 Page 3 of 76

9 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Enhanced Watershed Management Program. The SWIP furthers the stormwater control measure goals of the Santa Monica Bay Jurisdictional Groups 2 and 3 EWMP, a requirement of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Municipal Separate Stormwater Sewer System (MS4) Permit Order Number R The MS4 permit was adopted by the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board (LARWQCB) in The EWMP contains strategies to address water quality objectives that can be implemented to achieve required target load reduction (e.g., bacterial total maximum daily load or TMDL) of water quality constituents in the Santa Monica Bay watershed (City of Los Angeles et al. 2015). Element 3 of the SWIP will implement two Regional EWMP Projects: the Memorial Park stormwater tank BMP and Santa Monica Civic Center parking lot stormwater tank BMP. Additional discussion is provided under Element 3. City of Santa Monica Sustainable Water Master Plan. In 2013, the Santa Monica City Council adopted the City's Sustainable Water Master Plan, which includes a provision for the city to be water self-sufficient, or independent from environmentally-costly, imported water by the year To work toward achieving this goal, the City will rely upon a mix of the following efforts: Water conservation, Rehabilitation of existing water supply wells to improve water production, Pilot testing of an advanced groundwater treatment technology for the City's Olympic sub-basin, Installation of new supply wells, and Construction of a large new drinking water treatment facility. Together these measures will bring the City close to achieving its goal of being water selfsufficient, but additional steps are required, including the harvesting, treatment, and reuse of all available water resources, to ensure water sustainability and the long-term yield of groundwater resources. Available, nonconventional water resources include municipal wastewater, stormwater runoff, and brackish/saline-impaired groundwater. Each element of the SWIP (collectively referred to as the proposed project ) is described in detail below. Element 1: Brackish/Saline Impaired Groundwater Reuse. When completed, this element of the SWIP will achieve the following: Conserve groundwater and reduce the City's dependence on imported water by providing a supplemental source of water to the separate CBI (Deauville) Project tanks when runoff is scarce, Produce approximately 560 AFY of advanced treated water for reuse from nonconventional resources (stormwater and/or brackish/saline-impaired groundwater), Pilot test modular water treatment systems that could be deployed elsewhere in the State (e.g., other mid-sized cities, the Central Valley etc.), Increase the City's drought resiliency and sustainably replenish groundwater resources via aquifer recharge (e.g., indirect potable reuse), and July 2016 Page 4 of 76

10 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Provide a teaching platform for local schools and universities. The City s Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling Facility (SMURRF) is located just south of the Santa Monica Pier Bridge between Appian Way and Moomat Ahiko Way. In order to achieve the Element 1 outcomes listed above, the City will upgrade the SMURRF by installing containerbased, modular, reverse osmosis (RO) and pretreatment units capable of advance treating of brackish/saline-impaired groundwater. The City s SMURRF currently treats and removes pollutants from dry-weather, urban runoff and some stormwater runoff for non-potable reuse. The SMURRF is designed to treat up to 0.5 MGD, but drought and the City s conservation efforts have reduced the treated output of SMURRF to around 80,000 to 135,000 gallons per day. As part of the SWIP, the City will also install a shallow impaired groundwater extraction well at its existing Beach Maintenance Yard, located adjacent to the City s CBI Project (a separate project from the SWIP). The CBI Project involves construction of an underground, stormwater harvest tank capable of storing 1.6 MG of stormwater (85 th percentile storm) from any single precipitation event. The SWIP Element 1 well will eventually be used to increase the efficiency of the SMURRF by replenishing the CBI tank when runoff is scarce. All water retained in the CBI tank will be piped to the RO-upgraded SMURRF for advanced treatment and beneficial reuse. The extraction well will be approximately 100 to 150 feet deep and will not penetrate deeper aquifers used to supply water to the city which are generally deeper than 400 feet below the ground surface. Extraction will occur in a shallow, water-bearing zone where a mixture of freshwater and salt water is expected depending on the depth of the well. The extraction well will be governed by smart monitoring technology and will only pump when the stored water level in the CBI tanks reaches a pre-established level. When operational, it is estimated that the extraction well will pump between 200 and 300 gallons per minute, depending on replenishment requirements determined by the smart monitoring technology. Previous subsurface investigations have found that the fresh groundwater gradient slopes toward the ocean, where the groundwater becomes impaired by mixing with salt water. Available City pumping data have indicated that the location of the extraction well does not conflict with any future salt water intrusion barrier the City may construct to protect its deeper supply aquifers. Initially, the advanced treated water from SMURRF will be distributed through the City's existing reclaimed (purple) pipe system for non-potable use. When the advanced treatment system is fully operational and permitted, the City will begin to use a portion of this water to replenish its groundwater aquifers via injection for indirect potable use (discussed further in Section X, Hydrology and Water Quality). The RO concentrate produced by the RO-upgraded SMURRF and at the SWIP recycled wastewater treatment facility will be blended with City sanitary sewer flows for treatment at the existing City of Los Angeles Hyperion Treatment Plant. To help offset the energy demand at the upgraded SMURRF, solar panel arrays will be constructed at the SMURRF and two adjacent locations (Pico-Kenter SMURRF pumping station, and City Parking Lot #1-South). Together the panels will generate approximately 52,800 kilowatthours (kwh) per year, to be used primarily to help power the project s supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and smart monitoring technology. This will allow for the remote operation and control of water and wastewater facilities. Direct energy was calculated as a sum of the SWIP elements energy consumption and savings. The solar panels will be installed in a flat orientation on top of the RO container at SMURRF, and flat at the existing tank at the nearby SMURRF-related pumping station at the Pico-Kenter outfall. The solar panels installed across Appian Way from SMURRF at City Parking Lot #1-South as a parking sunshade will also be installed in a flat configuration. July 2016 Page 5 of 76

11 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION In total, it is estimated that the SWIP will save the City approximately 202 megawatt-hours (MWh) in direct energy each year (one MWh is equivalent to 1,000 kwh). A majority of the annual direct energy savings is attributed to the energy that is avoided by reducing the City s use of imported water. When project construction and operational energy use is considered, the SWIP will help the City conserve approximately 800 MWh over the 30-year projected life of the SWIP. The upgrades included under the SWIP Element 1 make extensive use of existing infrastructure. Therefore the estimated duration of construction is only six to eight months, including permitting and construction of the shallow extraction well. The offsite prefabrication of the RO unit will take approximately four months, with installation and start-up taking another two to four months (i.e., six to eight months total). The installation of the well is expected to take approximately three weeks and will be accomplished concurrently with the installation of the SMURRF RO container. Soils generated by the drilling will be drummed and tested for contaminates prior to lawful disposition in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. It is estimated that the well will generate ten to twelve drums of soils (or approximately one covered roll-off bin). No ground disturbance other than the shallow well boring will occur under Element 1. As designed, the existing SMURRF treatment operator will manage the improvements described in Element 1. The treatment operator may be assisted by a part-time staff member on an occasional and as-needed basis. Element 2: Recycled Water Production and Conjunctive Reuse. When completed, the recycled water treatment element of the SWIP (Element 2) will provide the following beneficial outcomes: Recycle approximately 1.0 MGD of municipal wastewater for immediate non-potable reuse, Allow for conjunctive reuse, when permitted, via aquifer recharge for indirect potable reuse, Capacity to treat and reuse harvested stormwater diverted to the facility from the SWIP Element 3 stormwater harvest tanks, Provide for sustainable groundwater management and increased drought resiliency, Result in annual groundwater or imported water reductions of approximately 1,120 acrefeet (AF) (i.e., 33,600 AF, or 10 billion gallons over 30 years), and Achieve the goals of water resources reliability, restoration, and resilience set forth in the Governor's California Water Action Plan and the City's Sustainable Water Master Plan. As part of Element 2, the City will construct an underground, recycled water treatment facility at a location beneath the existing Civic Center parking lot. When completed, the recycled water facility will be capable of advance treatment of up to 1.0 MGD of municipal wastewater. The treatment plant will be sourced primarily by nearby City sanitary sewers and will utilize membrane bio-reactor (MBR)-type technology and RO filtration. A seasonal secondary source of water for treatment and reuse will be stormwater harvested by the runoff storage tanks described in SWIP Element 3. Processed sludge and RO concentrate associated with treatment of the municipal wastewater will be cleared by discharging to the existing sanitary sewer system down-gradient of the plant, where it will blend with other City wastewater flows and be treated at the City of Los Angeles Hyperion Treatment Plant. Trash collected from the bar screens at the SWIP facility will be managed for weekly offsite disposition. It is anticipated the weekly volume of these materials will be equivalent to approximately one garbage truck. The advanced treated July 2016 Page 6 of 76

12 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION water produced by the recycled facility will be of a quality acceptable for immediate nonpotable reuse, and eventually (when permitted) for injection towards the purposes of sustainable groundwater management and most importantly for indirect potable reuse. Treated water will be distributed via the City's existing purple pipe system for all planned uses. The treatment facility will be accessed by a stairway from the ground surface and by a separate service elevator. The access points will be secured to prevent entry by unauthorized persons. Facility ventilation will be provided by a dedicated air filtration and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. Any ventilation exhaust to the atmosphere will be permitted and monitored pursuant to applicable South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) requirements. The MBR treatment train for the recycled water facility will be made up of modular and commercially available components including membrane bio-reactor cassettes, activated carbon air scrubbers, reverse osmosis skids, and ultraviolet water disinfection units. The facility will also have cast-in-place anoxic and aeration basins and a clear well. The preliminary design of the underground facility includes a compact two-story footprint of approximately 9,200 square feet, with an underground height of approximately 30 feet. The size of the excavation for the facility will be slightly larger than the constructed facility footprint in order to accommodate safe construction (approximately 12,000 square feet). As planned, the excavation will utilize engineered shoring to minimize the size of the excavation, and limit the amount of soil exported during construction. The recycled water treatment plant will be connected to the City s existing municipal wastewater system via a diversion structure located beneath Ocean Avenue. Connection to the Civic Center Tank, described below under SWIP Element 3, will be made by onsite piping. Other onsite project activities will include trenching for connecting pipelines needed to access the sewer main which will source the recycled water treatment facility, trenching for accessing the separate stormwater sewer used to convey the stormwater harvested in the Memorial Park stormwater tank down to the Civic Center parking lot stormwater tank, and construction of necessary diversion and pumping structures. The stormwater harvest tanks are described in SWIP Element 3. Under Element 2, ground-disturbing activities will include an excavation area of approximately 150 feet by 120 feet, or 0.41 acre for the recycled water facility (assuming engineering shoring). Up to approximately 6,200 cubic yards of soil may need to be exported during construction of SWIP Element 2. Export activities will be limited to 10 to 12 truck trips per day for this element, and will be timed to avoid midday traffic. Excess soils designated non-hazardous will be staged for reuse at the existing City Maintenance Yard located at 2500 Michigan Avenue in Santa Monica. Soils requiring offsite disposal will be transported and disposed pursuant to applicable laws and regulations. The actual duration of onsite construction for the SWIP recycled water treatment facility is estimated to be approximately 22 months from contractor notice to proceed (NTP), with onsite construction duration of approximately 520 days. It is planned that the below-grade Civic Center stormwater harvest tank described in SWIP Element 3 will be constructed concurrently with and adjacent to the recycled water treatment facility. After construction of the underground treatment facility, the existing surface parking in the Civic Center lot will be restored. However, the underground design of the treatment facility allows for other City redevelopment on the same property. July 2016 Page 7 of 76

13 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Approximately one full-time employee will be required to staff Element 2. This employee may be assisted from time to time by a part-time employee on an as needed basis. Element 3: Stormwater Harvesting and Reuse. When completed, the stormwater harvesting element of the SWIP will: Harvest and divert for treatment and beneficial reuse approximately 4.5 MG of stormwater from any single storm event that will ordinarily be discharged to the ocean at the Pico-Kenter Outfall; Improve beach and Santa Monica Bay water quality by reducing the volume of stormwater discharged to ocean at the Pico-Kenter outfall; Provide for required MS4 and EWMP stormwater nonpoint source pollution control measure compliance; and Contribute towards groundwater conservation and sustainability by providing an alternative source of water for advance treatment and beneficial reuse. In order to achieve the Element 3 outcomes listed above, the City will construct two stormwater control and harvest tanks, described below. These tanks will reduce the amount of stormwater discharges to the Pico-Kenter outfall. Element 3 will utilize the existing municipal separate stormwater sewer system (MS4) to divert harvested stormwater runoff from the subject tanks to the Element 2 recycled water treatment facility. Memorial Park Tank. The underground Memorial Park Tank is a recognized stormwater best management practice (BMP) that will be capable of harvesting up to 3.0 MG of stormwater from any single precipitation event from the Pico-Kenter sub-watershed tributary area within the City. Memorial Park is located at the intersection of 14th Street and Olympic Boulevard. The Memorial Park tank will be constructed beneath the existing play field adjacent to the City Colorado Maintenance Yard and will harvest stormwater from two City storm drains: one beneath Santa Monica Boulevard with a diversion structure that goes from 15th Street to the Park; and one beneath Broadway, also with a diversion at the intersection with 15th Street. Under current conditions, flow from these two storm drains is discharged to the ocean at the Pico-Kenter outfall, where stormwater is known to have adverse impacts on the beach and Santa Monica Bay water quality primarily due to fecal bacteria. After a storm event, the Memorial Park tank will slowly release its contents to the downgradient Civic Center Tank (described below) via the City s existing storm drain system. The Civic Center Tank will gradually release its contents into the source water feed to the proposed recycled water treatment plant (SWIP Element 2). Excavation associated with the Memorial Park Tank will encompass an area of approximately 23,260 square feet, or 0.53 acre (assuming a 172-foot-diameter circular and sloped excavation, including a 10-foot pre-stress leeway). To the extent feasible, excavated soils will be managed onsite. It is estimated that approximately 17,800 cubic yards of soil may be exported to the City Maintenance Yard located at 2500 Michigan Avenue for reuse, requiring a maximum of 20 to 25 truck trips per day, which will be timed to avoid mid-day traffic. Soils determined to require offsite disposal, if any, shall be transported and disposed pursuant to applicable laws and regulations. The Memorial Park Tank will be connected to the City s existing storm drain system by micro tunneling beneath existing surface and buried infrastructure. The project will also include July 2016 Page 8 of 76

14 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION construction of two stormwater diversion structures in the City streets adjacent to the tank. Civic Center Tank. The second stormwater control measure BMP included under Element 3 is an underground 1.5-MG stormwater harvest tank adjacent to the SWIP Element 2 recycled water treatment facility. The Civic Center Tank is designed to accomplish the following: 1) Reduce stormwater discharges at the Pico-Kenter outfall, improve beach water quality, and comply with MS4 and EWMP nonpoint source pollution control requirements; and 2) Function as a settling tank for stormwater collected at the Memorial Park Tank which, after a storm event, will be diverted down the City's existing sewer system (MS4) to the recycled water facility for eventual treatment. As described above for the Memorial Park Tank, the Civic Center Tank will receive flows from the Memorial Park Tank via the City s existing storm drain system, and will then release flows to the recycled water treatment plant included under SWIP Element 2. Excavation associated with the Civic Center Tank will encompass an area of approximately 50 feet by 135 feet, or 0.15 acre (assuming modular tanks and engineering shoring). To the extent feasible, excavated soils will be managed onsite. It is estimated that approximately 8,458 cubic yards of soil may be exported to the City Maintenance Yard for reuse, requiring a maximum of 10 to 12 truck trips per day, which will be timed to avoid mid-day traffic. The Civic Center Tank will be connected to the storm drain system and the recycled water treatment plant included under Element 2 by a diversion structure and pumping station constructed beneath City property. Both the Memorial Park Tank and the Civic Center Tank will be constructed entirely underground, utilizing either modular tanks or standard cast-in-place methods. Excavation depths for each tank will be approximately 20 to 30 feet, and will employ engineered shoring, or be sloped to accommodate safe and efficient construction. Due to the underground construction design, a portion of the excavated soils will be used to backfill around and over the tanks. To the extent feasible, excavated soils will be managed onsite. Non-hazardous excess soils will be exported for reuse to the City Maintenance Yard. Soils requiring offsite disposal shall be transported and managed pursuant to applicable laws and regulations. The release of stormwater water from both tanks will be monitored and governed by smart technology sensors and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) monitoring. In the event of an emergency, such as closely-spaced large storm events that could overwhelm the capacity of the Element 3 tanks, the smart technology will divert stormwater from one or both tanks to the existing sanitary sewer for treatment at the City of Los Angeles existing Hyperion Treatment Plant. To determine the amount of water to be diverted to the sanitary sewer, the smart technology will analyze real-time weather forecast and rain gauge data. In order to maximize constructability efficiencies, the Memorial Park Tank and Civic Center Tank will be constructed concurrently with the recycled water treatment facility (SWIP Element 2). The combined duration for onsite construction of the tanks is approximately 16 months, with total onsite construction duration of approximately 401 days. Upon completion of construction, existing land uses at each tank site will be restored (play field at Memorial Park and parking lot at the Civic Center, respectively). July 2016 Page 9 of 76

15 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Operation and maintenance of the tanks will include annual inspections, and clean-out of sediments approximately every three to five years. The frequency of tank clean-out will depend on the number, frequency, and magnitude of storm events, as well as the quality of harvested stormwater. Access for inspection and cleaning will be via at-grade manways, secured with bolted metal lids. One part-time employee will be required to maintain the Element 3 tanks. 9. Surrounding land uses and setting: The project site is located in the western portion of Los Angeles County, in the City of Santa Monica. As discussed above, the project consists of three integrated elements, located on several sites in the city. Surrounding land uses are predominantly retail, commercial, and residential. The Pacific Ocean is approximately 1,000 feet from the sites for Element 1, the SMURRF and the Beach Maintenance Yard. Table 6 (Development Adjacent to the Proposed Project Elements) describes site-specific developments relevant to each of the project elements. 10. Project Approvals Required: The proposed project will require review by the California Coastal Commission (CCC) and the discretionary approval of the Santa Monica City Council prior to initiating construction. If appealed, the City Council will make decisions related to approval prior to initiation of construction. The proposed project will require other administrative and ministerial approvals by the City s Building and Safety Department and the Planning and Community Development Department. Specifically, the following reviews or approvals will be required: Adoption of the MND (Santa Monica City Council); Authorization to proceed with final design (Santa Monica City Council); Approval of design and materials and landscaping (Santa Monica Architectural Review Board); Review and approval, as necessary, by the Santa Monic/Malibu Unified School District; Demolition and Construction permits (Santa Monica Building and Safety Division); Traffic Control Plans (Planning and Community Development Department); California Coastal Commission Permit (CCC); and Any other incidental discretionary approvals needed for the construction and operation of the proposed project (e.g. SCAQMD air quality permits). Regional Water Quality Control Board permits are not required for indirect reuse because groundwater injection is not included as part of this infrastructure construction project. July 2016 Page 10 of 76

16 Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration Sacrament o San Francisco Santa Barbara _ ^ Santa Monica CALIFORNIA 5 _ ^ Project Location 10 SWIP Element SWIP Element 2 SWIP Element Feet 1,000 ±± Imagery provided by Google, ESRI and its licensors Pico-Kenter Outfall SOUTHERN LOS ANGELES COUNTY Project Location Map Figure 1 City of Santa Monica Page 11 of 76

17 E Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Iniitial Study / Mitigated Negative Declaration PENNSYLV ALTA AVE PALISADES PL NORTH IDAHO AVE PEARL ST PICO BLVD BROADWAY OLYMPIC BLVD ARIZONA T SANTA MONICA FWY COLORADO AVE FRANK ST H ST 21ST ST 20TH CT 20TH CT 20TH ST 19TH CT 19TH ST 18TH CT 18TH CT 18TH CT 18TH CT 18TH ST 18TH ST T 17TH CT 17TH CT 17TH CT 17TH ST 16TH CT 16TH CT 16TH CT 16TH ST 15TH CT 15TH CT 15TH CT 15TH ST 14TH CT 14TH ST EUCLID CTEUCLID CTEUCLID CT EUCLID CT EUCLID ST 12TH CT 12TH CT 12TH CT 12TH ST 12TH ST 11TH CT 11TH CT 11TH CT 11TH CT 11TH ST 10TH CT 10TH CT 10TH CT 10TH ST 9TH CT 9TH CT 9TH CT 9TH CT 9TH CT 9TH ST LINCOLN CT LINCOLN BLVD T 7TH CT 7TH CT 7TH CT 7TH CT 6TH CT 6TH CT 6TH CT 6TH CT 6TH ST 5TH CT 5TH CT 5TH CT 5TH CT 5TH ST 4TH CT 4TH CT 3RD CT 3RD CT 3RD CT 3RD CT 3RD ST 3RD STREET PROM 2ND CT 2ND CT 2ND CT 2ND CT 2ND ST 1ST CT 1ST CT 1ST CT 1ST CT 1ST CT OCEAN AVE CALIFORNIA AVE MONTANA AVE SAN VICENTE BLV ADELAID EXPOSITION BLVD DELAWARE AVE GEORGINA PL NORTH SAN VIC WARWICK AVE VIRGINIA PL NORTH VIRGINIA AVE SANTA MONICA BLVD WASHINGTON AVE ALTA PL NORTH MARGUERITA PL NORTH MARGUERITA AVE GEORGINA AVE URBAN AVE PICO PL NORTH 34TH ST 32ND ST 31ST ST 33RD ST STEWART ST 27TH CT PALISADES AVE MICHIGAN AVE MONTANA PL NORTH SCHADER D 34TH ST 18TH CT CENTINELA AVE 26TH ST 14TH CT 14TH CT KANSAS AVE 27TH ST 30TH ST 29TH ST 27TH CT 26TH CT 26TH ST 28TH ST 25TH CT 25TH ST 24TH ST 18TH CT 24TH CT BEACH FRONT E HILL PL NORTH HILL ST ASHLAND PL NORTH E OCEAN PARK PL SOUTH OAK ST OCEAN PARK BLVD 23RD CT 23RD ST 22ND CT CLOVERFIELD CT CLOVERFIELD BLVD 23RD CT 22ND ST 3RD CT 4TH CT 15TH CT 15TH CT 19TH CT VILLAGE PKWY PALISADES BEACH RD OCEAN PARK PL SOUTH 21ST ST 21ST CT EUCLID CT EUCLID ST 20TH CT 11TH CT GRANT ST 10TH CT 10TH ST 9TH ST AIRPORT AVE BAY ST CEDAR ST MAPLE ST PINE ST MAPLE PL NORTH Santa Monica Bay DEWEY ST E APPIAN WAY SUNSET AVE PIER PL NORTH PIER AVE MARINE PL NORTH MARINE ST NAVY PL NORTH NAVY ST ASHLAND PL NORTH PICO PL SOUTH 7TH ST YORKSHIRE AVE 1ST CT STEWART CT HIGH PL PICO PL SOUTH CLOVERFIELD BLVD LINCOLN CT 7TH CT 14TH CT 15TH ST WOODLAWN CEMETERY RD 12TH CT 11TH CT TAFT WAY PACIFIC PL NORTH GRANT PL NORTH PICO PL MOOMAT AHIKO WAY OLYMPIC DR OZONE AVE DEWEY PL NORTH PINE PL NORTH CEDAR PL NORTH OCEAN PARK PL NORTH 7TH CT 11TH CT 19TH CT PICO PL SOUTH 16TH CT BAY ST 4TH CT 17TH ST BAY ST LINCOLN CT 14TH ST 21ST ST BRYN MAWR AVE WELLESLEY DR KENSINGTON RD STRAND ST SANTA MONICA PIER SEASIDE TER ROBSON AVE MAIN CT LINDA LANE PACIFIC ST PAULA DR GLENN AVE MAIN ST BEVERLEY AVE Pico Kenter Outfall 4TH ST BICKNELL AVE WILSON PL PIER AVE ASHLAND AVE RAYMOND AVE PEARL PL NORTH 10TH ST BAY ST CEDAR ST VICENTE TER DELAWARE AVE 4TH CT VIRGINIA AVE 4TH CT 5TH CT 12TH CT 22ND ST 21ST CT 21ST CT 2ND CT 16TH ST 18TH CT 12TH ST 22ND ST 19TH ST 9TH CT 20TH CT 9TH CT 6TH CT 27TH ST 1ST CT 6TH CT 19TH CT 12TH CT ALTA PL NORTH 10TH CT 9TH CT 19TH CT 1ST CT 10TH CT 18TH CT 18TH ST 24TH CT 9TH CT 16TH CT 14TH CT 12TH CT 31ST ST 22ND CT EUCLID ST 20TH CT MICHIGAN AVE 4TH CT 18TH CT 18TH ST MAPLE ST PACIFIC ST 1ST CT 6TH CT 10TH ST 25TH ST 16TH ST 7TH CT OLYMPIC BLVD EUCLID ST 18TH ST 7TH ST 6TH ST BAY ST OCEAN WAY COPELAND CT ASHLAND PL NORTH HILL PL NORTH ASHLAND AVE HILL ST 5TH ST 11TH ST BAY ST SUNSET AVE 7TH CT STRAND ST 11TH CT MILLS ST HOLLISTER AVE NAVY ST RAYMOND PL NORTH 2ND ST LINCOLN CT 5TH ST 4TH CT BEACH ST NEILSON WAY 5TH CT HILL ST PACIFIC ST 10TH CT OCEAN AVE 7TH ST 7TH ST 3RD ST STRAND ST 4TH CT 11TH ST MARINE ST RAYMOND AVE SWIP!( #* #* Flow Direction Existing Sanitary Sewer Lines Existing Storm Drain Lines Existing Recycled Distribution Lines!( SWIP Element 1: SMURRF RO / Brackish Well!( SWIP Element 2: Recycled Water Treatment Plant SWIP Element 3: EWMP Stormwater Harvest Tanks Storm Drain Diversions Sanitary Sewer Diversion Proposed New Piping Pico-Kenter Storm Drain Basin Pier Storm Drain Basin EWMP Tributary Drainage Area : acres Feet / Source: City of Santa Monica, 2015 Project Site and Vicinity Figure 2 City of Santa Monica Page 12 of 76

18 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: The environmental factors checked below would be potentially affected by this project, involving at least one impact that is a "Potentially Significant Impact" as indicated by the checklist on the following pages. Aesthetics/Shadows Agriculture and Forestry Resources Air Quality Biological Resources Construction Effects Cultural Resources Greenhouse Gas Emissions Hydrology/Water Quality Geology/Soils Land Use/Planning Hazards & Hazardous Materials Mineral Resources Neighborhood Effects Noise Population/Housing Public Services Transportation/Traffic Recreation Utilities/Service Systems Mandatory Findings of Significance July 2016 Page 13 of 76

19 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION On the basis of this initial evaluation: DETERMINATION: (To be completed by the Lead Agency) I find that the proposed project COULD NOT have a significant effect on the environment, and a NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared. I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, there will not be a significant effect in this case because revisions in the project have been made by or agreed to by the project proponent. A MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared. I find that the proposed project MAY have a significant effect on the environment, and an ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required. I find that the proposed project MAY have a "potentially significant impact" or "potentially significant unless mitigated" impact on the environment, but at least one effect 1) has been adequately analyzed in an earlier document pursuant to applicable legal standards, and 2) has been addressed by mitigation measures based on the earlier analysis as described on attached sheets. An ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required, but it must analyze only the effects that remain to be addressed. I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, because all potentially significant effects (a) have been analyzed adequately in an earlier EIR or NEGATIVE DECLARATION pursuant to applicable standards, and (b) have been avoided or mitigated pursuant to that earlier EIR or NEGATIVE DECLARATION, including revisions or mitigation measures that are imposed upon the proposed project, nothing further is required. Rachel Kwok Environmental Planner Date July 2016 Page 14 of 76

20 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact I. AESTHETICS/SHADOWS. Would the project: a) Have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista? b) Substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway? c) Substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of the site and its surroundings? d) Create a new source of substantial light or glare that would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area? e) Produce extensive shadows affecting adjacent uses or property? Existing Setting The proposed project will occur at three developed sites in the urbanized area of the city of Santa Monica. The existing visual character is typical of an urban area, with mixed commercial, residential, institutional, and recreational land uses. Buildings range in size from low-scale one- to three-story buildings to taller multiple-story buildings. The public streets in the area are predominantly lined with sidewalks and ornamental trees. The project sites are currently developed as follows: Element 1 SMURRF (RO unit) and City Beach Maintenance Yard (impaired groundwater extraction well); Element 2 Civic Center parking lot (underground recycled water treatment); and Element 3 Memorial Park (underground stormwater harvest tank) and Civic Center parking lot (underground stormwater harvest tank). A scenic vista is typically defined as a view of highly valued, visual and scenic resources such as the ocean and distant mountain ranges, particularly from public vantage points. The Santa Monica Local Coastal Program (LCP) Land Use Program (LUP) identifies the beach and the bay/ocean, the Pier, and the Palisades bluffs as Santa Monica s major scenic resources. The LCP LUP also identifies Santa Monica Pier s upper outdoor dining deck as a protected public area from which to view these scenic resources. Furthermore, both the LCP LUP and General Plan Scenic Corridor Element identify the Santa Monica (I-10) Freeway, Pacific Coast Highway (PCH)/Palisades Beach Road, and Ocean Avenue as scenic corridors with views of these scenic resources. There are no State-designated scenic highways in Santa Monica. The PCH is eligible for designation as a scenic highway by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), but it is not currently designated as such by either the State or the County of Los Angeles. July 2016 Page 15 of 76

21 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Discussion a-b) Less Than Significant Impact. Implementation of the proposed project will not damage scenic resources related to a State scenic highway or locally designated scenic corridor, because there are no scenic highways officially designated by the State in the project site vicinity. Pacific Coast Highway (PCH), which is eligible for state scenic highway designation, is located just northwest of the SMURFF. The only above-grade features of the project include the modular RO units proposed at the SMURRF (Element 1), a small wellhead structure and well protection posts at the existing Beach Maintenance Yard, and a section of piping associated with the proposed groundwater extraction well. These features will not be visible from PCH, due to existing intervening obstruction between PCH and the SMURFF (i.e., Moomat Ahiko Way, McClure Tunnel), existing vegetation and fencing around the SMURFF, and elevation difference. Thus, the project will have no permanent impact to scenic highways or scenic resources. c) Less Than Significant Impact. The project sites are currently developed as described above. Above-grade features of the proposed project will be limited, consisting of the modular RO and pretreatment units proposed at the existing SMURRF (Element 1), as well as a small wellhead structure, protection posts, and section of piping associated with the proposed groundwater extraction well. The modular RO and pretreatment units will be installed at the SMURRF and will not exceed the height or size of the existing facility. The facility is currently surrounded by vegetation and fencing that block views into the facility. The proposed groundwater extraction well will be located in the City s existing Beach Maintenance Yard adjacent to the City s CBI Project (Deauville parking lot), north of the Santa Monica Pier. This site is currently surrounded by privacy fencing and contains maintenance equipment and materials storage, including several large, steel containers. The addition of a small wellhead structure, protection posts, and piping running from the structure to the underground CBI tank will not substantially alter the visual character of the site. Additionally, the proposed solar panels on top of the RO container at the SMURRF, at a parking sunshade structure at adjacent City Parking Lot #1, and at the existing tank at the SMURRF pumping station near the Pico-Kenter outfall, will be installed in a flat orientation and as such, will not obstruct views or adversely impact surrounding visual character. Views of the project area are provided below; additional views of existing conditions are provided in Appendix 5. Photograph 1. View northeast of Element 1 Solar Panels Photograph 2. View to southeast, Beach Maintenance Yard Other above-ground features of the project include the stairway and service elevator enclosures that access the underground recycle water treatment facility (Element 2). These structures will be designed to have a low profile, be secure from public access, and to blend with existing structures and architecture on the site. July 2016 Page 16 of 76

22 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION All other key project infrastructure will be underground upon project completion. By constructing the key project elements underground, the project areas will be visually consistent with the existing area. Because most project features will be underground, they will not result in permanent visual changes to the existing environment. Due to the low profile of the proposed sustainable water infrastructure features, the proposed project will not substantially alter the character of the project areas. During construction, excavation, and construction, equipment will temporarily alter the visual character of the sites. However, the construction sites will be screened from public view with temporary fencing in accordance with standard City requirements. Therefore, impacts will be less than significant. d-e) Less Than Significant Impact. As discussed above, the proposed project will be predominantly underground. Therefore, the project elements will not create new sources of light or glare in the project area. Similarly, they will not produce shadows that could affect adjacent uses. The elements of the project that will be above-grade include the modular RO and associated pretreatment units, the wellhead and piping associated with the groundwater extraction well, the solar panels, and the stairway and supply elevator structures associated with the recycled water treatment facility. The modular RO and pretreatment units will be installed at the existing SMURRF and will not substantially change the light and glare currently associated with the facility. Given its location within an existing water treatment facility, the RO units will not produce extensive shadows that could affect adjacent land uses or properties. The solar panels will be installed in a flat orientation on top of the RO container at SMURRF, and at the existing tanks at the SMURRF pumping station near the Pico-Kenter outfall. The solar panels installed across Appian Way from SMURRF at City Parking Lot #1-South will be in a flat sunshade configuration; the flat sunshade configuration will minimize glare to nearby visual receptors, and the panels will not introduce a substantial source of light or glare. Similarly, construction of the small wellhead structure, protective posts, and piping associated with the groundwater extraction well will not require exterior lighting. Therefore, these project features will not create a significant new source of light or glare on the project site. The wellhead structure will be located in the City s existing Beach Maintenance Yard, adjacent to the City s CBI Project in the Deauville parking lot. Therefore, shadows produced by the structure will not have a substantial adverse effect on adjacent land uses or properties. Based on the low profile of the proposed sustainable water infrastructure features and lack of potential sources of substantial light or glare, impacts will be less than significant. July 2016 Page 17 of 76

23 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact II. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY RESOURCES. In determining whether impacts to agricultural resources are significant environmental effects, lead agencies may refer to the California Agricultural Land Evaluation and Site Assessment Model (1997), prepared by the California Department of Conservation as an optional model to use in assessing impacts on agriculture and farmland. In determining whether impacts to forest resources, including timberland, are significant environmental effects, lead agencies may refer to information compiled by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection regarding the state s inventory of forest land, including the Forest and Range Assessment Project and the Forest Legacy Assessment project; and forest carbon measurement methodology provided in Forest Protocols adopted by the California Air Resources Board. Would the project: a) Convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland), as shown on the maps prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency, to nonagricultural use? b) Conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use, or a Williamson Act contract? c) Conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public Resources Code section 12220(g)), timberland (as defined by Public Resources Code section 4526), or timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code section 51104(g))? d) Result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? e) Involve other changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland to non-agricultural use? Existing Setting The sites of all three elements of the SWIP project are fully developed and located in highly urbanized areas of Santa Monica. For Element 1, the City s General Plan Land Use and Circulation Element (LUCE) designates the existing SMURRF and adjacent Parking Lot #1-South and nearby Pico-Kenter outfall as Oceanfront and the site for the brackish/saline groundwater July 2016 Page 18 of 76

24 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION well as Parks and Open Space. The sites for both Element 2 and Element 3 are designated as Parks and Open Space. The sites of the different project elements do not overlie any prime soils 1 and no agricultural land uses are present in or near the project vicinity. No forest land or timberland zoning is present in the surrounding area. The project vicinity is fully urbanized with mixed use, residential, and commercial buildings. Discussion a-e) No Impact. As described above, the LUCE designates the project sites as either Oceanfront or Parks and Open Space; there are no land use designations for Agriculture on the project sites. Existing development on the project sites consists of the existing SMURRF, Beach Maintenance Yard, the Civic Center parking lot, and the City s Memorial Park. No existing agricultural land, forest land, or timberland zoning is present on the sites or near the project vicinity. The project will not involve the conversion of farmland to non-agricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use either directly or indirectly. As a result, the project will not conflict with any existing zoning for agricultural use, or a Williamson Act contract with existing zoning for forest land or timberland. Therefore, no impact associated with agricultural or forestry resources will occur. 1 Prime Soils are defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as land that has the best physical and chemical characteristics to produce forage, and fiber crops, and is available for these uses. July 2016 Page 19 of 76

25 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact III. AIR QUALITY. Where available, the significance criteria established by the applicable air quality management or air pollution control district may be relied upon to make the following determinations. Would the project: a) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? b) Violate any air quality standard or contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation? c) Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is in non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard (including releasing emissions that exceed quantitative thresholds for ozone precursors)? d) Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations? e) Create objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people? Existing Setting The project site is located in the South Coast Air Basin (Basin), which includes Orange County and portions of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and Riverside counties. The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) monitors and regulates the Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) for the Basin. Air quality in the Basin is affected by both stationary and mobile sources, with air quality at any given location affected by a number of factors, such as the quantity and type of pollutants emitted locally and regionally, and the dispersion rates of pollutants in the region. Primary factors affecting pollutant dispersion are wind speed and direction, atmospheric stability, temperature, the presence or absence of inversions, and topography. The Basin frequently experiences weather conditions that trap air pollutants in the Basin, due to temperature inversions and periods of stagnant wind conditions. Santa Monica is located in the western coastal portion of the Basin, which has moderate variability in temperatures. To protect public health and welfare, federal and state governments have identified six criteria air pollutants and a host of air toxics, and established ambient air quality standards through the federal Clean Air Act and the California Clean Air Act. Federal and State criteria air pollutants include: Carbon monoxide (CO), lead (Pb), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (), fine particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Established standards represent levels of air quality considered safe from a regulatory perspective, including an adequate margin of safety, to protect public health and welfare. July 2016 Page 20 of 76

26 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION The entire Basin is currently designated as an extreme nonattainment area for O3, meaning that federal ambient air quality standards are not expected to be met for several years (USEPA, 2012). Additionally, the Los Angeles County portion of the Basin is designated as a moderate nonattainment area for, nonattainment area for Pb, and as a serious maintenance area for and CO (USEPA 2016). The basin is in attainment of federal standards for SO2 and NO2, a subcategory of NOx. At the state level, the Basin is also designated as a nonattainment area for O3,, and. The Basin is in attainment for the state ambient air quality standards for CO, Pb, SO2, and NO2 (ARB 2016, SCAQMD 2016). The SCAQMD has divided the region into 38 source receptor areas (SRA) in which 32 monitoring stations operate. The city of Santa Monica is located in SRA 2, which covers the northwest coastal Los Angeles County area. SRA 2 is located at the Veterans Administration building in West Los Angeles, and monitors measurements only for O3, CO, and NO2. Measurements for,, and SO2, are collected in SRA 1 in Los Angeles at the North Main Street monitoring station. Table 1 identifies SCAQMD significance thresholds for relevant air pollutants. Sensitive receptors (i.e., land uses sensitive to air pollutants) in the project vicinity include Santa Monica High School, located approximately 0.2 mile northeast of the Civic Center parking lot, and residential buildings located near and adjacent to all project elements. There is also an approved early childhood education center planned for development on a portion of the Civic Center parking lot. Table 1 SCAQMD Thresholds of Significance (Pounds/Day) Air Pollutant SCAQMD Threshold CO 550 NOx 100 SOx 150 VOC Source: SCAQMD 2015 In addition to the above thresholds, the SCAQMD has developed Localized Significance Thresholds (LST) in response to the Governing Board s Environmental Justice Enhancement Initiative (1-4), which was prepared to update the CEQA Air Quality Handbook. LSTs represent the maximum emissions a project could generate without causing or contributing to an air quality exceedance of the most stringent applicable federal or State ambient air quality standard at the nearest sensitive receptor. LSTs consider ambient concentrations in each source receptor area (SRA), project size, distance to the sensitive receptor, and other factors, but LSTs only apply to emissions in a fixed location. As such, LSTs are not typically a consideration for project operation since the majority of operational emissions are generated by cars on roadways. Localized Significance Thresholds have been developed for emissions in construction areas up to five acres in size. The SCAQMD provides lookup tables for sites that measure one, two, or five acres. The individual Element sites would each measures less than one acre and are located in Source Receptor Area 2 (SRA-2) Northwest Coastal Los Angeles. LSTs for construction on a oneacre site in SRA 2 are shown in Table 2. July 2016 Page 21 of 76

27 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Pollutant Table 2 SCAQMD LSTs for Emissions in SRA-2 Allowable emissions as a function of receptor distance in meters from a one-acre site (lbs./day) Gradual conversion of NOx to NO CO , Source: SCAQMD, website: Accessed January Note: The LST mass rate look-up tables are updated annually by SCAQMD with the most recent air quality monitoring data (Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology, 2008). Mass rate LSTs for NO2 are derived using an air quality dispersion model to back-calculate the emissions per day that would cause or contribute to a violation of any short-term AAQS for a particular SRA. According to the SCAQMD, the most stringent of the federal and State standards for NO2 is the one-hour State standard of 0.18 ppm (Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology, 2008). The most recent LST for NO2 is based on this standard. Discussion a) Less Than Significant Impact. A project is inconsistent with the AQMP for the Basin if its implementation would result in population and/or employment growth that exceeds growth estimates in the applicable air quality plan. For the proposed project, the applicable plan is the SCAQMD s adopted 2012 AQMP, as a 2016 update of the plan is still in development. The AQMP relies upon growth projections developed and adopted by Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Regional Transportation Plan (RTP), which in turn relies upon cities adopted General Plan growth projections. Consequently, compliance with a city s General Plan typically results in compliance with the AQMP. In addition, the SCAQMD s Air Quality Handbook states that a consistency finding should be based on identifying whether a project will increase the frequency or severity of existing air quality violations or cause or contribute to new air quality violations. The proposed project will generate temporary emissions during construction due to the use of equipment and vehicles; however, as discussed in Section XV, Population and Housing, the project will not induce or result in population growth. In the long-term, the project will result in a decrease in emissions due to the reduction in water importation, as well as energy generated by the solar panels included under Element 1. Therefore, the proposed project will not conflict with growth projections used in the current AQMP or otherwise cause violations of air quality standards. Potential impacts will be less than significant. b) Less Than Significant Impact. The project area is located in the South Coast Air Basin, which is currently identified as a nonattainment area for state and/or federal standards for O3,, and. Construction of the proposed project will generate air pollutants due to the use of equipment for ground-disturbing activities (including excavations) and installation of proposed facilities, as well as for the use of trucks and passenger vehicles to transport workers and equipment to and from the construction sites. A majority of these construction-related emissions will consist of NOx and. The SCAQMD thresholds are identified above in Table 1; as discussed above for criterion a), the project will be consistent with the current AQMP because it will not induce or result in population growth. Additionally, over the long-term the project will decrease overall energy-water related July 2016 Page 22 of 76

28 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION emissions by minimizing the need to import a water supply while also generating renewable energy through the proposed solar panels. Applicable state and local regulations that will be complied with as part of the project will limit the generation of construction-related emissions; as required by the USEPA, California ARB, and the California Code of Regulations (CCR) (Title Division 3, Chapter 9, Article 4, Sec. 2423(b) (1)), off-road diesel engines are required to meet at least Tier 3 Emission Standards for compressionignition engines. Compliance with this requirement will reduce the potential generation of NOx and emissions. In addition, construction activity will occur in compliance with SCAQMD Rule 403 which will requires preventative measures such as covering up haul trucks carrying dirt and properly cleaning streets in the vicinity. Compliance with this SCAQMD rule will minimize fugitive dust () and NOx emissions. Emissions associated with the proposed project were estimated using the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod) version The proposed project s construction-related impacts were calculated based on parameters such as the duration of construction activity, area of disturbance, and anticipated equipment used during construction. It was assumed that equipment used for construction would include the following: drill rig, excavator, crane, compaction roller, forklift, belly dump trucks, frontend loader, backhoe, concrete trucks, and materials delivery trucks. It was assumed that the project would comply with SCAQMD Rule 403, which identifies thresholds for fugitive dust and is required to be implemented at all construction sites located within the Basin. The CalEEMod results are provided as Appendix 1. Table 3 summarizes the estimated annual emissions of pollutants during construction; as shown, project emissions would not exceed SCAQMD construction thresholds or Local Significance Thresholds for SRA-2. Table 3 Estimated Maximum Daily Construction Emissions Maximum Emissions (pounds/ day) Construction Year ROG NOx CO SOx 2018 Maximum Emissions Maximum Emissions Maximum Daily Emission SCAQMD Thresholds Local Significance Threshold NA NA 4 3 Threshold Exceeded? No No No No No No During operation of the project, small amounts of emissions will be generated due to vehicle trips associated with new employees (as discussed in the Project Description, the project will introduce one new full-time employee and up to two new part-time employees); these trips will be minimal, as the project will primarily be monitored remotely using smart technology and SCADA. Therefore, given the negligible amount of emissions, the project will not violate air quality standards or contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation. Potential impacts will be less than significant c) Less Than Significant Impact. As discussed above, the project will result in temporary emissions during construction, but operational emissions will be minimal, almost exclusively limited to the operation of workers vehicles to and from the project sites. The project will introduce one fulltime employee and up to two part-time employees, all of whom will be sourced from the local July 2016 Page 23 of 76

29 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION (Los Angeles County) workforce. Therefore, operational emissions associated with vehicle traffic will be comparable to existing conditions and the project will not result in a cumulatively considerable increase in emissions of criteria pollutants. Potential impacts will be less than significant. d) Less Than Significant Impact. Sensitive receptors near the project site include the Santa Monica High School and residential apartments adjacent to the SMURRF, and a planned future early childhood education center. The project will not substantially increase emissions of criteria pollutants, and therefore will not expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations. Potential impacts will be less than significant. e) Less Than Significant. Additionally, although construction of the project will include the use of heavy equipment and machinery to install underground infrastructure, these activities will be temporary and will not introduce objectionable odors. Operation and maintenance of the proposed project will include remote monitoring and periodic inspection and repair activities, but no permanent odor sources will be introduced. Potential for nuisance odors form the recycled water treatment plant will be mitigated by a robust air filtration system approved and permitted by the SCAQMD and by locating the facility vent pipes as far as practical from sensitive receptors. Therefore, a less than significant impact will occur. July 2016 Page 24 of 76

30 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact IV. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES. Would the project: a) Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? b) Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? c) Have a substantial adverse effect on federally protected wetlands, as defined by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal wetlands, etc.), through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption or other means? d) Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites? e) Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance? f) Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional or state habitat conservation plan? Existing Setting The city of Santa Monica is highly urbanized with areas of native wildlife habitat limited to the coast along the Santa Monica State Beach, and forested open space areas in the Santa Monica Mountains located approximately 3.5 miles to the north. The project site consists entirely July 2016 Page 25 of 76

31 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION of developed and landscaped areas located within an urban city setting. Project Element 1 will be constructed at an existing water recycling facility (SMURFF and Beach Maintenance Yard), Project Element 2 will be constructed under a paved parking lot at the Civic Center, and Project Element 3 will be constructed at an existing facility and under the maintained play field turf of Memorial Park. The project sites do not support designated or recognized sensitive habitats or mapped critical habitat for any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Any use of the area by such species is rare, transient, or episodic. Species expected to occur onsite include terrestrial species such as squirrels and birds that are commonly found in urban environments. In addition, the project vicinity does not support any riparian habitat, wetlands, wildlife corridor/nursery site, or other sensitive natural community. There are no conservation plans that apply to the project site Additionally, a search was conducted of available electronic databases of sensitive species localities, including the California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB 2016), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, in-house data (unpublished data), and California Native Plant Society (CNPS 2016). Previous surveys of projects that encompassed the study area or portions thereof were also referenced (Natural Environment Study for the Santa Monica Pier Bridge Replacement Project, prepared in 2016). An assessment of the study area location in relation to the known range of sensitive species of the region was conducted, focusing on the habitat resources available onsite to identify sensitive species known to occur in the region and assess their potential for occurrence in the study area. Discussion a) No Impact. The literature review and database search did identify a number of sensitive species known from the region. However, suitable habitat and conditions for the majority of these species do not occur on site or in the study area. Given the absence of biological habitats on the site or immediately adjacent to the site, sensitive species occurring in the region that rely on coastal sage scrub (i.e. California gnatcatcher, pacific pocket mouse), coastal salt marsh (i.e. salt marsh bird s-beak), coastal waters (i.e. steelhead), freshwater/brackish marsh (i.e. western pond turtle, black rail), vernal pool, or playa/coastal dune habitats (i.e. least tern, snowy plover, El Segundo blue butterfly 2 ) do not occur on site. The project site consists entirely of developed and landscaped areas located within an urban city setting. Project Element 1 will be constructed at an existing water recycling facility, Project Element 2 will be constructed under a paved parking lot, and Project Element 3 will be constructed at an existing facility and under the maintained turf of a recreational park. Given the developed nature of the study area, habitat opportunities for sensitive species that occur in 2 The CNDDB species lists provided in Appendix 3 indicates that in the last 20 years there were two individual butterflies sighted or reports of butterflies near the larger Santa Monica area (e.g. reported range is from Ocean Park Beach located on the extreme southern edge of the City, south into the City of Los Angeles. There is no information that the subject insects are eradicated (i.e. extinct). Ocean Park Beach, the reported northern extent of the range for the El Segundo Blue Butterfly, is more than one mile from the SMURRF and Civic Center Parking Lot (SWIP Elements 1, 2, and 3) and approximately 1.5 miles from Memorial Park (SWIP Element 3). Aside from the shallow brackish groundwater well to be installed at the paved Beach Maintenance Yard, there is no land disturbing construction related to SWIP Element 1. Regarding SWIP Elements 2 and 3, these areas are inland, urbanized, and are either paved or graded. Therefore butterflies are not anticipated to be present on the site or adjacent to sites where projectrelated ground disturbing activities will occur. July 2016 Page 26 of 76

32 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION the region are limited. The presence of any sensitive or special status species is therefore unlikely. Mature ornamental trees and mowed grass/turf are the only vegetation types present within the non-paved portions of the study area. Species likely to be found in developed/landscaped areas onsite include common species that coexist with human activities such as American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys), mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), rock dove (domestic pigeon; Columba livia), killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), and house sparrow (Zonotrichia querula). Common gull species found in Los Angeles County include the Western Gull (Larus occidentalis); California Gull (Larus californicus); Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis); Heerman s Gull (Larus heermanni); and Bonaparte s Gull (Chroicocephalus Philadelphia). Less common visitors include Glaucous-winged Gull (Larus glaucescens) and Common (Mew) Gull (Larus canus). Based on the above, the proposed project would not result in impacts on sensitive species. b-c) No Impact. No sensitive natural communities as defined by CDFW occur within the study area. Wetlands and waters regulated by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Regional Water Quality Control Board under the Clean Water Act ( 404 and 401, respectively) and CDFW under Fish and Game Code 1602, are absent from the proposed project work areas. As mentioned in the Existing Setting, the project sites are completely developed and located in highly urbanized areas of Santa Monica. The urbanized nature of the project areas and the currently developed states of the project sites are previously disturbed. No riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community is present at the project sites. d) Less Than Significant with Mitigation. The Biological Resource Assessment (Amec Foster Wheeler 2016) for the project identified ornamental trees surrounding and mowed grass/turf in portions of the study area, including mature trees situated around the SMURRF. These landscaped areas could provide potential roosting habitat for nesting birds and roosting bats. Tree removal is not proposed as part of the project, but equipment will be staged and working immediately adjacent to numerous mature trees. This could result in disturbance to potential adjacent bird nest or bat roost sites. Therefore, mitigation is required to reduce impacts to nesting birds and roosting bats to a less than significant level. Mitigation Measure MM BIO-1 Nesting Birds and Roosting Bats Survey. A pre-construction survey for nesting birds and roosting bats shall occur prior to work during the nesting season (January 15 - August 31). These surveys shall be conducted by a qualified biologist within 14 days prior to the start of construction staging or ground disturbance and reinitiated as needed after periods of inactivity at each project site. If nesting birds or bats are found, a non-disturbance buffer zone shall be implemented with input from the qualified biologist. Buffer zones shall be clearly marked with exclusion fencing/staking and signage. Biological monitoring shall be implemented if active nests or roosting bats are found to regularly assess their status and condition. Given the urban setting and the high baseline disturbance level, buffer zones can likely be focused to a limited area and, therefore, a specific distance is not provided. Nesting raptors (e.g., red-tailed hawk) typically warrant a larger zone than nesting passerines. If buffers are determined to be necessary (based on the survey), they can be adjusted based on work activities, monitoring results (e.g., reaction of the animals), and the biologist s judgment. Buffers shall be maintained until work has ceased in the identified area or the birds/bats are done nesting/roosting, as confirmed by the biologist. July 2016 Page 27 of 76

33 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Residual Impact: Implementation of the recommended MM BIO-1 will reduce the risk of adverse impacts to nesting birds and roosting bats to a less than significant level. No residual impacts associated with implementation of Mitigation Measure BIO-1 will occur. e) Less Than Significant Impact. The City of Santa Monica Tree Code (Section ) and Urban Forest Master Plan require the protection of any tree, shrub, or plant in any street, sidewalk, parkway, alley, or other public property in the city. There are trees and shrubs present around the perimeter of all the sites for the three elements of the proposed project. No trees are proposed to be removed as part of the proposed project, and trees and shrubs will be protected in accordance with City requirements. Implementation of the project will not conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources. Potential impacts will be less than significant. f) No Impact. As stated in the Environmental Setting discussion above, the project sites are completely developed and do not support any sensitive habitat or wetlands. Accordingly, no Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved habitat conservation plan applies to the project sites, and none will be affected by the project. No impact will occur. July 2016 Page 28 of 76

34 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact V. CONSTRUCTION EFFECTS. Would the project: a) Have considerable construction-period impacts due to the scope, or location of construction activities? Existing Setting The project is located at three project elements in the urbanized city of Santa Monica. The project sites are surrounded by a mixture of commercial, residential, institutional, and recreational land uses. Several land uses sensitive to increases in construction related noise and air pollutant emissions are located in proximity to the project sites. Table 4 identifies land use and development surrounding the different project elements. Table 4 Existing Development Adjacent to the Proposed Project Elements Element 1 Element 2 Element 3 Santa Monica Pier and beach, Deauville parking lot, residential apartments Santa Monica Civic Center, Santa Monica High School Memorial Park, Commercial Office Buildings, Santa Monica Community Maintenance Department Colorado Yards Some land uses are considered more sensitive to construction effects than others due to the population groups or activities involved. Sensitive land uses in Santa Monica include residences, schools, churches, and libraries. Sensitive uses present in the vicinity of the project site include the residential apartments adjacent to the SMURFF (Element 1) and the Santa Monica High School located west of the Civic Center parking lot (Element 2). In addition, the planned future early childhood education center will be located nearby the proposed recycled water treatment plant at the Civic Center Lot. Discussion a) Less Than Significant Impact with Mitigation. Construction of the proposed project will result in short-term impacts related to aesthetics, air quality, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, noise, and traffic. To address construction traffic impacts, a Construction Impact Mitigation Plan shall be prepared and implemented (further discussed in Section XVIII Transportation/Traffic). For discussion of construction-related impacts for each of these issues, please refer to Sections III, Air Quality; VI, Cultural Resources; VIII, Greenhouse Gas Emissions; XIV, Noise; and XVIII, Transportation/Traffic of this IS/MND. As discussed in the respective sections of this IS/MND, construction impacts will be less than significant or less than significant with mitigation. July 2016 Page 29 of 76

35 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact VI. CULTURAL RESOURCES. Would the project: a) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource as defined in ? b) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to ? c) Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geological feature? d) Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries? Existing Setting Historic Resources. Seven properties in the City are listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). However, none of these properties are located in or immediately adjacent to the project sites. The NRHP structure nearest to the project is the Santa Monica Looff Hippodrome building on the Santa Monica Pier, approximately 500 feet southwest of the SWIP Element 1 at the SMURRF. The City of Santa Monica adopted the Landmarks and Historic District Ordinance (1975) that allowed for the establishment of a Landmarks Commission to designate "Structures of Merit" and "Landmarks" and to make recommendations to the City Council regarding the designation of potential "Historic Districts". The designated landmark nearest to the project sites is the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, which lies approximately 300 feet west of the proposed location of the proposed recycled water treatment plant (Element 2) in the Civic Center parking lot. Archaeological Resources. There is evidence of human occupation of the Southern California mainland for as long as 13,000 years. However, many ancient sites may have been lost, inundated, or deeply buried as a result of rising sea levels, marine transgression, erosion, aggradation, and other natural forces. No prehistoric sites are known in the immediate project vicinity. If prehistoric remains exist in the city of Santa Monica they most likely represent the past occupation by the Gabrielino/Tongva, which are known to have occupied territories in Los Angeles County. Although no archaeological sites are known to exist in the immediate project vicinity, the scarcity of previously identified archaeological sites is not a reliable indicator of archaeological sensitivity. In highly developed urban settings, the original ground surface is typically extensively disturbed or not available for inspection. Prehistoric and historic archaeological deposits may be preserved beneath more recent earth materials. While surface deposits may have been obscured by development since 1875, the potential also exists that alluvial sediments eroding from higher elevations have covered older archaeological deposits over the millennia prior to Thus, archaeological deposits dating back thousands of years could be uncovered at unknown depths in the project vicinity. Such prehistoric archaeological deposits could provide important information about the occupation, settlement practices, economy, trade, and life ways of Native Americans during ancient times. July 2016 Page 30 of 76

36 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION The Archaeological and Historical Resource Study conducted for the project (Amec Foster Wheeler, 2016) identified five previously recorded cultural resources in proximity to the project sites, including the Spencer House site and a Santa Monica Air Line segment. The Spencer House site is approximately 2,200 feet southeast of the Element 2 site and the Santa Monica Air Line segment is approximately 2,500 feet northeast of the Element 3 site. Paleontological Resources. The project sites are located in the Los Angeles Basin of coastal Southern California, one of several deep Cenozoic era basins that occupy the region. Locally, the basin contains more than 32,000 feet of strata ranging from Miocene to Recent in age. The project site is underlain by Quaternary older surficial sediments of Pleistocene age (2.6 million years ago to 11,700 years before present [BP]). Quaternary older alluvial deposits of Pleistocene age have yielded significant vertebrate fossil localities throughout this region (UCMP 2015). 3 These localities yielded fossil specimens of whale, sea lion, horse, ground sloth, bison, camel, mammoth, turtle, ray, shark, bird, mollusk, and foraminifera. At least two localities have been documented nearby and from in the same sedimentary deposits that underlie the project area. Locality LACM 5462, located northeast of the project site, south of Olympic Boulevard and east of Cloverfield Boulevard, produced a fossil specimen of Felis atrox (extinct lion). Locality LACM 7879, located southeast of the project site near Rose Avenue and Penmar Avenue, produced fossilized specimens of Equus (horse) and Paramylodon (ground sloth). These fossil localities were discovered at depths as shallow as six feet below the ground surface and from in Quaternary alluvium. Discussion a) Less Than Significant Impact. As discussed above, the project sites are currently developed with the SMURRF, the City s Beach Maintenance Yard, Civic Center parking lot, and the City s Memorial Park. The nearest identified historic resources to the project is the Santa Monic Civic Auditorium, which is designated as a Santa Monica Landmark and the Santa Monica Looff Hippodrome building, which is a National Historic Landmark (Amec Foster Wheeler 2016). The proposed project will construct an underground recycled water treatment facility (Element 2) and an underground stormwater collection and storage tank in the Civic Center lot (Element 3). The underground footprint of the recycled water treatment plant and water tank will be approximately 375 feet northeast of the Civic Auditorium. The project will not involve any modifications to this landmark or any other historic resources in the vicinity. Additionally, the project s installation of the modular RO unit in the existing SMURRF (Element 1) and the installation of an underground stormwater harvest tank at Memorial Park (Element 3) would not affect historic resources, since there are no historic resources in close proximity to any of these sites. Therefore, potential impacts regarding the significance of a historical resource will be less than significant. b) Less than Significant with Mitigation. The Archaeological and Historical Resources Study conducted for the project recommends monitoring of ground disturbing activities within 50 feet of project activities (Amec Foster and Wheeler 2016); however, the project is not located within 50 feet of an identified site and therefore no monitoring is necessary. Based on site reconnaissance conducted in June 2016, as well as inspection of historic aerial photography and property records, archaeological resources may potentially exist in the subsurface of the project sites. It is possible that other resources in the project sites or immediate vicinity have been displaced and/or built over without being properly recorded. The project vicinity may have provided a favorable environment for Native American settlement and, 3 Fossil refers to a recorded fossil site. July 2016 Page 31 of 76

37 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION therefore, prehistoric archaeological deposits could be preserved at depth beneath the project sites. Project construction will involve excavation for underground water treatment and storage facilities in areas (Civic Center Parking Lot and Memorial Park) that could potentially contain subsurface archaeological remains (e.g., artifact-rich middens). Excavation associated with the proposed underground recycled water treatment facility, and underground stormwater harvest tanks, has the potential to encounter buried archaeological deposits. Therefore, a mitigation measure is proposed to ensure that any discovered resources shall be protected and curated if encountered during project construction. Accordingly, this impact will be less than significant with mitigation. Mitigation Measure: MM CR-1 Residual Impact: Inadvertent Discovery of Archaeological Resources: In the event of an inadvertent discovery of prehistoric or historic-period archaeological resources during construction, the applicant shall immediately cease all work within 50 feet of the discovery. The applicant shall immediately notify the City of Santa Monica Planning and Community Development Department and shall retain a Registered Professional Archaeologist (RPA) to evaluate the significance of the discovery prior to resuming any activities that could impact the site/discovery. This investigation shall be driven by a Treatment Plan that sets forth explicit criteria for evaluating the significance of resources discovered during construction and identifies appropriate data recovery methods and procedures to mitigate project effects on significant resources. The Treatment Plan shall be prepared by an RPA familiar with both historical resources and prehistoric archaeological resources prior to further excavation or site investigation following initial discovery. The Treatment Plan shall also provide for a final technical report on all cultural resource studies and for the curation of artifacts and other recovered remains at a qualified curation facility, to be funded by the applicant. If the archaeologist determines that the find may qualify for listing in the California Register, the site shall be avoided or a data recovery plan shall be developed. Any required testing or data recovery shall be directed by an RPA prior to resuming construction activities in the affected area. Work shall not resume until authorization is received from the City. The implementation of MM CR-1 will reduce the risk of adverse impacts to archaeological resources to a less than significant level. No residual impacts associated with implementation of Mitigation Measure CR-1 will occur. c) Less than Significant with Mitigation: According to the CEQA Guidelines, impacts to paleontological resources are significant when a project is determined to disturb or destroy scientifically important fossil remains, as defined by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Significant paleontological resources are defined as identifiable vertebrate fossils, uncommon invertebrate, plant, and trace fossils that provide taphonomic, taxonomic, phylogenetic, paleoecologic, stratigraphic, or biochronological data. These data are important because they are used to examine evolutionary relationships, provide insight on the development of and interaction between biological communities, establish time scales for geologic studies, and for many other scientific purposes. The project vicinity is underlain by Pleistocene age deposits that may have a demonstrated potential to reveal paleontological resources. Pleistocene age deposits have previously yielded identifiable vertebrate fossils in the vicinity of the proposed project and elsewhere in Southern California. Excavations associated with construction of the proposed project s subterranean July 2016 Page 32 of 76

38 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION elements could potentially impact such resources. Mitigation is necessary to ensure that resources discovered during project construction will be appropriately protected and curated. Mitigation Measure: MM CR-2 Residual Impact: Inadvertent Discovery of Paleontological Resources: In the event that a paleontological resource is discovered during ground-disturbing activities associated with the project, work will immediately cease within 50 feet of the discovery and the find shall be assessed by a qualified paleontologist for scientific significance and collected for curation, if necessary. If significant resources are encountered, curation will occur according to accepted standards as recommended by the Paleontologist in consultation with City staff. The implementation of Mitigation Measure MM CR-2 will reduce the risk of adverse impacts to paleontological resources to a less than significant level. No residual impacts associated with implementation of Mitigation Measure CR-2 will occur. d) Less than Significant: Human remains have not been identified in the project vicinity; however, human remains could be preserved at depth beneath the existing onsite building and surface parking lot, and the possibility exists that such remains could be uncovered during construction of the proposed project. California Health and Safety Code Section , CEQA Section , and Public Resources Code Section mandate the process to be followed in the event of an inadvertent or unanticipated discovery of any human remains in a location other than a dedicated cemetery. Specifically, California Health and Safety Code Section requires that in the event human remains are discovered in a proposed project site, disturbance of the site shall be immediately halted. A qualified professional archaeologist shall inspect the remains and confirm that they are human, and notify the coroner in accordance with Public Resources Code Section and Health and Safety Code Section If the coroner determines the remains are Native American, the coroner shall contact the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC). As provided in Public Resources Code Section , the NAHC shall identify the person or persons believed to be most likely descended from the deceased Native American. The most likely descendent makes recommendations for means of treating or disposing of, with appropriate dignity, the human remains and any associated grave goods as provided in Public Resources Code Section Compliance with existing regulations prescribed in California Health and Safety Code Section , CEQA Section , and Public Resources Code Section , will ensure that impacts to human remains will be less than significant. July 2016 Page 33 of 76

39 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact VII. GEOLOGY AND SOILS. Would the project: a) Expose people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury or death, involving: i) Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist- Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? Refer to Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42. ii) Strong seismic ground shaking? iii) Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction? iv) Landslides? b) Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil? c) Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse? d) Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1-B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial risks to life or property? e) Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of wastewater? Existing Setting The proposed project is regionally located in the northwestern Coastal Plain of the Los Angeles Basin in Los Angeles County. The city of Santa Monica is geologically bounded to the north by the Santa Monica Mountains, Elysian Hills, and Repetto Hills; to the east by the Merced Hills, Puente Hills, and Santa Ana Mountains; and to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Topography in the city consists of a gently southward sloping coastal alluvial plain. However, the surface topography of each of the project sites have been previously graded and are generally July 2016 Page 34 of 76

40 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION flat and developed. The project sites range from approximately 20 feet above mean sea level (amsl) at the Beach Maintenance Yard to approximately 115 feet amsl at Memorial Park. Southern California is seismically active because numerous geologic faults occur in the region. No known active or potentially active faults are located in or proximate to the project sites, although there are numerous faults in the Los Angeles area that are categorized as active, potentially active, and inactive. Active and potentially active faults in and near the city of Santa Monica include the Newport-Inglewood Fault, the Santa Monica-Hollywood-Malibu Coast Fault, and the Palos Verdes Fault. Risks associated with seismic activity at the project sites include the potential for tsunami and liquefaction events to affect site stability. In regards to tsunami risk, the Beach Maintenance Yard site (where a shallow groundwater well will be installed adjacent to the CBI tanks that are located beneath the Deauville parking lot for Element 1 is entirely in the City-identified inundation zone, and the SMURRF site for Element 1 is partially in the tsunami inundation zone (Santa Monica 2016). In terms of liquefaction, risks are limited to a linear area about 1,000 feet long, along the coastline stretching from the waterline of the Pacific Ocean, inland to Ocean Avenue. The Beach Maintenance Yard site lies in City-identified coastal liquefaction hazard zone. Element 1 will install a shallow brackish/saline groundwater extraction well at the Beach Maintenance Yard, adjacent to the CBI tanks located beneath the Deauville parking lot and solar panels on a parking sunshade at City Parking Lot #1-South.. All other project sites are outside of City-identified liquefaction zones. Discussion a-i) Less Than Significant. Fault rupture is the displacement that occurs along the surface of a fault during an earthquake. The CGS designates Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones, which are mapped regulatory zones around active faults. 4 These zones, which extend from 200 to 500 feet on each side of known active faults, identify areas where potential surface ruptures along active faults could prove hazardous and identify where special studies are required to characterize hazards to habitable structures. No Alquist-Priolo Fault Zones have been identified in the city of Santa Monica to date (California Department of Conservation 1986). The city of Santa Monica, however, is crossed by the south branch and north branch of the Santa Monica Fault (City of Santa Monica 2016). The City of Santa Monica treats the Santa Monica Fault as an active fault, and as such, has designated Fault Hazard Management Zones, which extend 380 to 500 feet north of the north branch and 100 to 600 feet south of the south branch of the Santa Monica Fault. The project sites are not located in these zones as the closest site, Memorial Park, is approximately 2,500 feet south of the south branch and 7,000 feet south of the north branch. Additionally, no other known active or potentially active faults underlie the project sites. As such, the potential for fault rupture to occur at the project site is low. Therefore, impacts related to fault rupture will be less than significant. a-ii) Less Than Significant Impact. The project sites are located in the seismically active region of southern California and as such, will be potentially subject to strong ground shaking in the event of an earthquake on the Santa Monica fault or other faults in the area. The ground shaking that an area may experience is primarily a function of the distance to the seismic source, the type of material underlying a property, and the motion of fault displacement. The nearest known faults to the project sites are the South Branch of the Santa Monica Fault located approximately 0.5 mile to the north, North Branch of the Santa Monica Fault located approximately 1.3 miles to the north, and the Newport-Inglewood fault located approximately 5.8 miles east of the Memorial 4 Active faults are those having historically produced earthquakes or shown evidence of movement within the past 11,000 years. July 2016 Page 35 of 76

41 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Park site. However, the proposed project consists of sustainable water infrastructure that will be largely below the ground surface and will not expose people or structures to potential adverse effects such as risk of loss, injury or death involving seismic ground shaking. Therefore, impacts associated with ground shaking will be less than significant. a-iii) Less Than Significant Impact. Soil liquefaction occurs when loose, saturated, granular soils lose their inherent shear strength due to excess water pressure that builds up during repeated movement from seismic activity. Factors that contribute to the potential for liquefaction include a low relative density of granular materials, a shallow groundwater table, and a long duration and high acceleration of seismic shaking. Liquefaction usually results in horizontal and vertical movements from lateral spreading of liquefied materials and post-earthquake settlement of liquefied materials. Liquefaction potential is greatest where the groundwater level is less than 50 feet from the surface, and where the soils are composed of poorly consolidated, fine to medium grained sand. The project sites at the SMURRF, Civic Center Parking Lot, and Memorial Park are not identified as having soils susceptible to liquefaction. However, Parking Lot #1-South and the Beach Maintenance Yard are identified as having soils susceptible liquefaction along the coastline (Department of Conservation 1999; City of Santa Monica 2016). The proposed solar panel parking shade at the Parking Lot #1-South and the shallow groundwater extraction well at the Beach Maintenance Yard would not expose people or structures to liquefaction or exacerbate existing liquefaction risks. Therefore, implementation of the project will not expose structures or people to potential adverse effects involving liquefaction. Impacts will be less than significant. a-iv) Less Than Significant Impact. Landslides occur when slopes become unstable and masses of earth material move downslope. Landslides are generally considered to be rapid events, often triggered during periods of rainfall or by earthquakes. The project sites and surrounding areas for Elements 2 and 3 of the proposed project are generally located in an area of flat topography and are not mapped as being in landslide hazard areas. Therefore the probability of seismically induced landslides affecting any of the project sites for Element 2 and 3 of the project is considered remote. The SMURRF and Beach Maintenance Yard sites for Element 1 are located in proximity to slopes. The SMURRF is located beneath a slope coming off of Moomat Ahiko Way; however, the site is completely developed and the slope is contained with a concrete retaining wall as is the adjacent Parking Lot #1-South. The SMURRF is not identified as being in an area of mapped as a landslide hazard area (Department of Conservation 1999; City of Santa Monica 2016). The Beach Maintenance Yard is mapped as being in a landslide hazard area (Department of Conservation 1999; City of Santa Monica 2016). As discussed above, the project will construct a shallow groundwater extraction well on the Beach Maintenance Yard site; these features will not cause a landslide to occur, but may be inundated in the unlikely event that the bluff on the other side of the PCH from the site fails and a landslide event does occur. Implementation of the project will not expose people or structures to potentially adverse effects involving landslides. Impacts will be less than significant. b) Less Than Significant Impact. Elements 2 and 3 of the proposed project will require excavation for installation of the underground stormwater harvest tanks as well as the underground recycled water treatment facility. The maximum excavation required will be approximately 30 feet below the existing surface grade for the proposed recycled water treatment plant in Element 2 and the stormwater harvest tanks in Element 3. Excavations on the sites will be expected to expose fill and native soils. Construction activities will be conducted in accordance with applicable requirements, including the City s Urban Runoff Pollution Control Ordinance to minimize soil erosion impacts. In addition, the project sites have generally flat topography and are currently developed with existing asphalt for parking lots and the playing fields at Memorial Park. Construction of the project will result in minimal soil exposure, and as such, the potential for July 2016 Page 36 of 76

42 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION erosion hazards is extremely low. Therefore, impacts with respect to soil erosion or the loss of soil will be less than significant. c) Less Than Significant Impact. As discussed above, the Beach Maintenance Yard (Element 1) is located in an area mapped as a potential landslide hazard area (Department of Conservation 1999; City of Santa Monica 2016). The proposed shallow groundwater extraction well at the Beach Maintenance Yard (Element 1) would be a minimal above-grade infrastructure. The well will be installed in compliance with standard engineering and design practices for safety and stability of the infrastructure and surrounding areas. Should weather and/or seismic conditions result in a landslide at this site, it is possible that the well head could be inundated, but the project itself will not result exposure people or structures to landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse. Potential impacts will be less than significant. d) Less Than Significant Impact. Expansive soils are soils that are generally clay-dominant, swell when wetted, and shrink when dried. Wetting can occur in a number of ways (e.g., absorption from the air, rainfall, groundwater fluctuations, lawn watering, broken water or sewer lines), and expansive soils located beneath structures can result in cracks in foundations, walls, and ceilings. Based on geotechnical reports prepared for the City s Civic Center Parking Structure (north of the Civic Center parking lot), the area near the Civic Center is underlain by potentially expansive soils (Geotechnologies, 2). The project site at Memorial Park (where the underground stormwater harvest tank is proposed) is underlain by soils with low expansion potential (Leighton Consulting, 2010). As required by the City s Municipal Code, a geotechnical report will be prepared to provide specific recommendations for design and construction of the project based on the existing geologic conditions at the project sites. Construction of the proposed project will be required to adhere to the building and safety requirements in the City s Building Code as well as the site specific recommendations in the geotechnical report. Therefore, with adherence to City requirements, impacts would be less than significant. e) No Impact. The proposed project will not involve the installation of septic tanks or other wastewater disposal systems. July 2016 Page 37 of 76

43 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact VIII. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS. Would the project: a) Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment? b) Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases? Existing Setting The accumulation of GHGs in the atmosphere regulates Earth s temperature. Without the natural heat trapping effect of GHGs, Earth s surface would be about 34 C cooler (CalEPA, 2006). However, it is believed that emissions from human activities, particularly the consumption of fossil fuels for electricity production and transportation, have elevated the concentration of these gases in the atmosphere beyond the level of naturally occurring concentrations. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the GHGs that are emitted in the greatest quantities from human activities. Emissions of CO2 are largely by-products of fossil fuel combustion. CH4 results from fossil fuel combustion as well as off-gassing associated with agricultural practices and landfills. N2O is produced by microbial processes in soil and water, including those reactions that occur in fertilizers that contain nitrogen, fossil fuel combustion, and other chemical processes. Scientific modeling predicts that continued GHG emissions at or above current rates will induce more extreme climate changes during the 21st century than were observed during the 20th century. According to the CalEPA s 2010 Climate Action Team Report, potential impacts of climate change in California may include loss in snow pack, sea level rise, more extreme heat days per year, more high ozone days, more large forest fires, and more drought years (CalEPA, 2010). California s major initiative for reducing GHG emissions is outlined in Assembly Bill 32 (AB 32), the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, signed into law in AB 32 codifies the statewide goal of reducing GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 (essentially a 16 percent reduction below 2 emission levels; the same requirement as under S-3-05), and requires the California Air Resources Board (ARB) to prepare a Scoping Plan that outlines the main State strategies for reducing GHGs to meet the 2020 deadline. In addition, AB 32 requires ARB to adopt regulations to require reporting and verification of statewide GHG emissions. After completing a comprehensive review and update process, ARB approved a 1990 statewide GHG level and 2020 limit of 427 million metric tons (MMT) of CO2 equivalent (CO2e). The Scoping Plan was approved by ARB on December 11, 2008, and included measures to address GHG emission reduction strategies related to energy efficiency, water use, and recycling and solid waste, among other measures. Many of the GHG reduction measures included in the Scoping Plan (e.g., Low Carbon Fuel Standard, Advanced Clean Car standards, and Cap-and-Trade) have been adopted over the last five years. Implementation activities are ongoing and ARB is currently in the process of updating the Scoping Plan. July 2016 Page 38 of 76

44 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION In May 2014, ARB approved the first update to the AB 32 Scoping Plan. The 2013 Scoping Plan update defines ARB s climate change priorities for the next five years and sets the groundwork to reach post-2020 goals set forth in EO S The update highlights California s progress toward meeting the near-term 2020 GHG emission reduction goals defined in the original Scoping Plan. It also evaluates how to align the State s longer-term GHG reduction strategies with other State policy priorities, such as for water, waste, natural resources, clean energy and transportation, and land use (ARB 2014). Senate Bill (SB) 97, signed in August 2007, acknowledges that climate change is an environmental issue that requires analysis in CEQA documents. In March 2010, the California Resources Agency (Resources Agency) adopted amendments to the State CEQA Guidelines for the feasible mitigation of GHG emissions or the effects of GHG emissions. The adopted guidelines give lead agencies the discretion to set quantitative or qualitative thresholds for the assessment and mitigation of GHGs and climate change impacts. Assembly Bill (AB) 32 is a California State Law that establishes a comprehensive program to reduce GHG emissions from all sources throughout the state. AB 32 requires the ARB to develop regulations and market mechanisms to reduce California s GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020, representing a 25 percent reduction statewide, with mandatory caps beginning in 2012 for significant emissions sources. The 2012 GHG emissions inventory (most currently available) for the city of Santa Monica accounted for electricity, natural gas, gasoline, and diesel consumption, as well as solid waste generation in the city (City of Santa Monica 2013a). existing emissions in 2012 were estimated at approximately 794,892 metric tons (MT) of CO2e, approximately 14 percent below the 1990 emission total of 924,293 MT of CO2e. Transportation emissions were 38 percent of total GHG emissions while commercial, residential, industrial, and solid waste represented 30 percent, 21 percent, 6 percent, and 5 percent, respectively. Electrical consumption is a substantial contributor to indirect GHG emissions, though Southern California Edison maintains a relatively high proportion of generation from renewable sources. per capita GHG emissions from the city in 2012 were estimated to be 8.8 MT CO2e per person, compared to 12.1 MT of CO2e per person for the state (City of Santa Monica 2013b). Discussion a, b) Less Than Significant Impact. Greenhouse gas emissions will occur onsite during construction activities from mobile sources such as vehicles and machinery used to install the proposed project features. Emissions will also occur during project operations, but will be primarily limited to the use of trucks and vehicles to access project sites for inspections and repairs, as needed. Overall, the proposed project will result in energy savings by minimizing the need to import environmentally costly surface water supplies from distant watersheds. The current CEQA Guidelines do not establish a threshold of significance for GHG impacts; instead, lead agencies have the discretion to establish significance thresholds for their respective jurisdictions. A lead agency may look to thresholds developed by other public agencies or other expert entities, such as the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA), as long as the threshold chosen is supported by substantial evidence. Because the SCAQMD has not adopted GHG emissions thresholds that apply to land use projects where the SCAQMD is not the lead agency and no GHG emissions thresholds or qualifying local GHG reduction plan have been adopted in the City of Santa Monica, the proposed project is evaluated based on the SCAQMD s recommended/preferred option threshold for all land use types of 3,000 metric tons CO2e per year (SCAQMD, 2010). Therefore, the project s contribution to cumulative impacts related to GHG emissions and climate change would be cumulatively considerable if the project would produce in excess of 3,000 metric tons CO2e/year. July 2016 Page 39 of 76

45 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Based on the CalEEMod modeling results (Appendix 1), construction activity for the project would generate an estimated metric tons CO2e. For the purpose of comparing construction emissions with annual emissions from operation of the proposed project, it is useful to amortize them over a 30-year period (the assumed life of the project). Thus, construction of the proposed project would generate an estimated 12.4 metric tons CO2e per year. Therefore, impacts of construction related emissions would be less than significant. Operation and maintenance of the project will not introduce GHG emissions that are inconsistent with the existing environment, as the project s minimal staff will be drawn from the local workforce, thereby avoiding the introduction of new commuters. Further, the project will reduce the city s current reliance on imported water. For every 2.5 billion gallons of avoided imported water associated with water savings under the project, approximately 8.9 million kwh of energy use and million kg GHG emissions will be avoided. Because the project will ultimately decrease energy expenditures associated with providing a sustainable water supply to the city, potential impacts associated with GHG emissions will ultimately be beneficial. July 2016 Page 40 of 76

46 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact IX. HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. Would the project: a) Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use or disposal of hazardous materials? b) Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment? c) Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school? d) Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment? e) For a project located within an airport land use plan area or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or a public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the project area? f) For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, would the project result in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the project area? g) Impair implementation of, or physically interfere with, an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? h) Expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires, including where wildlands are adjacent to urbanized areas or where residences are intermixed with wildlands? July 2016 Page 41 of 76

47 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Setting No identified past operations on the project sites have involved the use or storage hazardous materials, and none of the project sites are listed on the State of California EnviroStor Database as a known hazardous waste clean-up site. The closest hazardous materials sites identified in the project area are two voluntary clean-up sites with no further action required in the southern edge of the Downtown District (DTSC, 2016a). The California GeoTracker database identifies an active remediation effort for a leaking underground storage tank (LUST) to the southeast of the Civic Center parking lot site, across Pico Boulevard (CWRCB 2016). No existing structures on the project sites will be demolished as part of the project. Discussion a) Less Than Significant Impact. During construction activities for the project, typical hazardous materials will be used at the site, including hydraulic fluids, paints/sealers, cleaning materials, and vehicle fuels. The use of these materials during project construction will be short-term in nature and will occur in accordance with standard construction practices, as well as with applicable federal, state, and local health and safety regulations. Construction activities will not create a new hazard to the public or environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials. The project would install a modular RO unit and associated pretreatment units at the existing SMURRF, and construct an underground recycled water treatment facility at the Civic Center parking lot. The recycled water treatment facility will be comprised of modular and commercially available components including membrane bio-reactor cassettes, activated carbon air scrubbers, RO skids, and ultraviolet water disinfection units. The facility will also have cast-in-place anoxic and aeration basins and a clear well. Operation of these facilities will not involve the routine transport, use, or disposal of unusual or large quantities of hazardous substances. Any hazardous materials used or generated through operation of these facilities will be contained, stored, and used in accordance with manufacturers instructions and handled in compliance with applicable standards and regulations. Potential impacts associated with the transport, use, and storage of hazardous or potentially hazardous materials during construction and operation will be less than significant. b) Less Than Significant Impact. The proposed water treatment facilities will be used to treat stormwater runoff and municipal wastewater from the Santa Monica sanitary sewer. The proposed stormwater harvest tanks will store stormwater runoff in an underground configuration. Construction and operation of the proposed project will not involve the storage, use, or disposal of unusual or large quantities of hazardous materials. No structures will be demolished as a result of project implementation, and there is no risk of the accidental release of asbestos-containing materials (ACM) or lead-based paint (LBP). It is possible that a release of materials such as vehicle fuels could occur during project construction or operation; however, adherence to standard safety and operational practices will minimize such occurrences and ensure proper clean-up should a leak or spill occur. Therefore, impacts related to the accidental release of hazardous materials will be less than significant. c) Less Than Significant Impact. The schools nearest to the project sites are the Crossroads Elementary School, approximately 650 feet northeast of Memorial Park (Element 3), and Santa Monica High School, approximately 400 feet northeast of the Civic Center parking lot (Element 2). The proposed project will not emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous waste. Therefore, impacts will be less than significant d) Less Than Significant Impact. The following databases were searched for listings of hazardous materials sites in proximity to the project sites: GeoTracker: This database is maintained by the State Water Resources Control Board; July 2016 Page 42 of 76

48 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION EnviroStor: This database is maintained by the State Department of Toxic Substances Control and contains sites listed on the Cortese Lise; RCRAInfo: U.S. EPA s comprehensive information system providing access to data supporting the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976 and the Hazardous and solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984; State Water Board s list of solid waste disposal sites with waste constituents above hazardous waste levels (SWRCB, 2016a); State Water Board s list of active Cease and Desist Orders and Cleanup and Abatement Orders (SWRCB, 2016b); and California Environmental Protection Agency s lists of active Cease and Desist Orders ( CDO ), Cleanup and Abatement Orders ( CAO ), Contaminated Solid Waste Disposal Sites (DTSC, 2016b). Review of the databases listed above found no listing of the project sites as hazardous sites due to accidental contamination/spills or handling of hazardous materials. The hazardous material site nearest to the project is an open remediation case for a LUST, approximately 200 feet southeast of the Civic Center Parking Lot (Element 2) across Pico Boulevard. Sampling at the LUST site indicates that contamination is stable and decreasing. Further, sampling at the LUST site indicates a southwest groundwater flow direction (Stratus Environmental Inc. 2016). Therefore, contamination will not migrate to the Civic Center Parking Lot. Impacts will be less than significant. e-f) No Impact. Santa Monica Municipal Airport is located approximately 1.5 miles southeast of Element 3 and 1.75 miles east of Element 2. The project sites are not located in the area covered by an airport land use plan (County of Los Angeles, 2). The project will not involve placing people or structures in proximity to aircraft operations and no risks to life or property from airport operations will occur as a result of the project. Therefore, no impact will occur. g) Less Than Significant Impact. The proposed project will not impair or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or a local, state, or federal agency s emergency evacuation plan. Operationally, the project will not materially change the characteristics of the project site in a way that will alter emergency response or evacuation plans. Further, as discussed in Section XVIII, Transportation/Traffic, construction will occur in accordance with a City-approved Construction Impact Mitigation Plan, which will reduce traffic impacts on nearby streets and ensure that emergency access to the project site will be maintained at all times during construction. As such, the proposed project will not physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan. Therefore, impacts will be less than significant. h) No Impact. The project sites are located in the urbanized City of Santa Monica, and are surrounded by commercial and residential uses. The project sites are not located adjacent to or intermixed with wildlands. As such, the proposed project will not subject people or structures to a substantial risk of loss, injury, or death as a result of exposure to wildland fires. Therefore, no impacts will occur. July 2016 Page 43 of 76

49 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact X. HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY. Would the project: a) Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements? b) Substantially deplete groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that there would be a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of the local groundwater table level (e.g., the production rate of pre-existing nearby wells would drop to a level which would not support existing land uses or planned uses for which permits have been granted)? c) Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, in a manner which would result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site? d) Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, or substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner that would result in flooding on- or off-site? e) Create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff? f) Otherwise substantially degrade water quality g) Place housing within a 100-year flood hazard area as mapped on a federal Flood Hazard Boundary or Flood Insurance Rate Map or other flood hazard delineation map? h) Place within a 100-year flood hazard area structures that would impede or redirect flood flows? July 2016 Page 44 of 76

50 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact i) Expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving flooding, including flooding as a result of a failure of a levee or dam? j) Inundation by seiche, tsunami or mudflow? Existing Setting The California Department of Water Resources (DWR) divides surface watersheds in California into 10 hydrologic regions. The proposed project lies in the South Coast Hydrologic Region (HR), a large coastal watershed in southern California (CalFIRE 2). The South Coast HR spans approximately seven million acres and is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the north by the Transverse Ranges, on the east by the Colorado River HR, and on the south by the international boundary with Mexico (DWR, 2). The DWR subdivides Hydrologic Regions into Hydrologic Units (HU), and further into Hydrologic Areas (HA) and Hydrologic Subareas (HSA). In the South Coast HR, the proposed project is located in the Santa Monica Bay HU (CalFIRE 2). The Los Angeles RWQCB governs basin planning and water quality in the Santa Monica Bay HU (LARWQCB 1994). In the Santa Monica Bay HU, the City is situated entirely in the Upper Santa Monica Bay HA (CalFIRE 2). According to the Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), average precipitation in the project area totals approximately 12.6 inches annually, with most of the rainfall occurring from December through March. Average temperatures range from summertime maximums in the low 70s (degrees Fahrenheit) to wintertime minimums in the upper 40s (WRCC 2016). Most of the project area is occupied by urban development with highly altered drainage systems, such as concrete-lined washes and underground stormwater systems. The topography of the project area is generally flat and slopes gently to the west, towards the Pacific Ocean. The nearest National Hydrography Dataset named streams include: Ballona Creek, Centinela Creek Channel, the Grand Canal, and Sepulveda Channel. The Grand Canal flows roughly north to south, parallel to the coastline in the cities of Marina del Rey and Venice. Ballona Creek flows roughly east to west through the cities of Culver City and Playa Vista, and discharges to the Santa Monica Bay just south of Marina del Rey. Centinela Creek Channel and Sepulveda Channel are tributary to Ballona Creek, with their confluences located west of I-405. Areas that are subject to flood risk are identified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) on the National Flood Hazard Layer. Flood hazards can occur when the amount of rainfall exceeds the infiltration capacity of the surrounding landscape or the conveyance capacity of the stormwater drainage system. Flood risk is defined as an annual percent-chance of flooding, or the probability that flooding will occur in any given year. A 100-year flood will, on average, occur once every 100 years, so the probability of a 100-year flood occurring in any particular year is one percent. FEMA designates most of the proposed project area as Zone X, which is an area of minimal flood hazard. A small strip of land near the shoreline is designated as being subject to flooding from the 500-year flood (0.2 percent annual chance of flooding). The shallow groundwater extraction well is the only proposed project component that falls in the 500-year flood hazard zone. July 2016 Page 45 of 76

51 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION The project sites are underlain by the Santa Monica Subbasin of the Coastal Plain of Los Angeles Groundwater Basin (DWR 2). The Santa Monica Subbasin underlies the northwestern part of the Coastal Plain of Los Angeles Groundwater Basin and is bounded by the Santa Monica Mountains on the north and the Ballona escarpment on the south (DWR 2). The subbasin extends from the Inglewood fault on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west (DWR 2). Groundwater in the subbasin moves generally southward toward the Ballona gap, then westward toward the ocean (DWR 2). Recharge in the basin occurs primarily from infiltration of surface runoff onto the subbasin from the Santa Monica Mountains (DWR 2). storage capacity of the subbasin is estimated to be approximately 1,100,000 acre-feet (DWR 2). It should be noted that storage capacity does not equate to the volume of water that can be sustainably produced. Water quality contaminants in the Santa Monica Subbasin include volatile organic compounds (VOC) and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). The Santa Monica Subbasin is further divided into five local subbasins, including: the Arcadia subbasin, the Chamock subbasin, the Coastal subbasin, the Crestal subbasin, and the Olympic subbasin. The project sites are located in the local Coastal subbasin of the Santa Monica Subbasin. The primary water quality concern in this local subbasin is elevated Dissolved Solids (LADWP 2011). Water quality in the project area is governed by the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board (LARWQCB), which sets water quality standards in the Water Quality Control Plan for the Los Angeles Region (Basin Plan). The Basin Plan identifies beneficial uses for surface water and groundwater and establishes water quality objectives to attain those beneficial uses. The identified beneficial uses and the water quality objectives to maintain or achieve those uses are together known as water quality standards. There are no named surface waters in the project area. The LARWQCB Basin Plan identifies several beneficial uses for Ballona Creek and its associated estuary, lagoon, and wetlands (LARWQCB 1994). These surface water features are located approximately 3.5 miles south of the proposed project area. The Basin Plan also identifies several beneficial uses for the Santa Monica Subbasin of the Coastal Plain of Los Angeles Groundwater Basin, including: Municipal and Domestic Supply (MUN), Industrial Service Supply (IND), Industrial Process Supply (PROC), and Agricultural Supply (AGR). The Clean Water Act (CWA) 303(d) list is a register of impaired and threatened waters which the CWA requires all states to submit for Environmental Protection Agency approval. The list identifies all waters where the required pollution control measures have so far been unsuccessful in reaching or maintaining the required water quality standards. Waters that are listed are known as impaired. The CWA Section 303(d) lists the Santa Monica Bay Offshore/Nearshore as impaired by the following pollutants: DDT, Debris, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and sediment toxicity. A TMDL is required but not yet completed for each of these pollutants. Stormwater and urban (dry weather) runoff is the primary source of pollution to the Santa Monica Bay. Common sources of stormwater pollution in the project area include litter, trash, pet waste, organic material (yard waste), fertilizers, fecal bacteria, pesticides, sediments, construction debris, metals from automobile brake pad dust, air pollutants that settle on the ground or attach to rainwater, cooking grease, and illegally dumped motor oil. The City of Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling Facility (SMURRF) treats polluted urban runoff water. The City has also involved the community by providing example of how residents and business could assist in reducing the pollution of runoff water (City of Santa Monica 2010a). The potential tsunami inundation hazard zone extends 0.25 mile inland from the shoreline (CalEMA 2009). Only the shallow impaired groundwater extraction well and SMURRF component of the proposed project would be subject to inundation. July 2016 Page 46 of 76

52 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Discussion a) Less Than Significant. Construction of the proposed project, including drilling and excavation for the shallow groundwater extraction well, and excavation for the underground recycled water treatment facility, and stormwater harvest tanks, could result in loose, disturbed, or stockpiled soils that would be susceptible to high rates of erosion from wind and rain, resulting in sediment transport via stormwater runoff from the construction or soil storage sites. The types of pollutants contained in runoff from construction sites would be typical of urban areas, and may include sediments and contaminants such as oils, fuels, paints, and solvents. Additionally, other pollutants such as nutrients, trace metals, and hydrocarbons, can attach to sediment and be transported to downstream drainages and ultimately into the Santa Monica Bay, contributing to degradation of water quality. Construction would occur in accordance with applicable South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) rules for control of fugitive dust and separate water quality regulations, including the City of Santa Monica Urban Runoff Pollution Ordinance (SMMC Chapter 7.10). In accordance with the ordinance, BMPs and pollutant control measures would be employed during project construction to minimize pollutants and reduce runoff to levels that comply with applicable rules and standards. The SCAQMD fugitive dust Rule 403, and City and urban runoff reduction requirements presented below will be implemented during construction. Soil stockpiles will be covered or managed via engineering control measures (e.g. water mist). Excavation work faces will be misted to minimize dust generation during construction excavation. Soil track out by construction vehicles will be minimized via tread plates and other engineering control measures (e.g. tread broom cleaning), as necessary. Polluted runoff (including runoff containing sediments and/or construction wastes) shall not leave the construction parcel. No wash water from any type of cement and concrete machinery or concrete mix truck shall be allowed to leave the construction parcel. Any washing of equipment in the right-of-way shall be contained and properly disposed. For any paint removal, paint preparation, or sandblasting activities that will result in particles entering the air or landing on the ground, BMP steps shall be implemented to prevent or minimize to the maximum extent practicable such particle releases into the environment. No washing of construction or other vehicles shall be allowed adjacent to a construction parcel. No polluted runoff from washing vehicles on a construction parcel shall be allowed to leave the parcel. Operation of the proposed project will involve the collection and treatment of stormwater runoff, brackish/saline-impaired groundwater, and municipal wastewater. The treated water will be available for reuse in the City s existing purple pipe (reclaimed water) system and, once permitted, would be available for reinjection towards the purposes of sustainable groundwater management and indirect potable reuse. The RO concentrate and processed sludge associated with the RO-upgraded SMURRF and recycled water treatment facility will be discharged to the existing sanitary sewer system, blended with other City wastewater flows, and treated at the City of Los Angeles July 2016 Page 47 of 76

53 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Hyperion Treatment Plant. No waste discharges to the Santa Monica Bay or other impaired waterbody will occur, and operation of the proposed project will not result in the violation of any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements. Impacts would be less than significant. b) Less Than Significant Impact. Several proposed project components will be located underground and may require temporary dewatering during construction. Construction of the underground recycled water treatment facility at the Civic Center parking lot may require excavation as deep as 30 to 40 feet, and shallow groundwater may be encountered. Dewatering activities during construction will be temporary and limited to the proposed project construction sites. Dewatering activities will not affect the local aquifers, as those aquifers are generally deeper than 400 feet below the ground surface. Construction of the proposed project will not increase the amount of impermeable surface area in the project area and will not substantially interfere with groundwater recharge. Construction of the proposed project will not result in a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of the local groundwater table level. Impacts to groundwater levels during construction will be temporary, localized, and will not affect groundwater supplies. Operation of the proposed project will not interfere with groundwater recharge. The stormwater that will be harvested and treated during operation of the proposed project will be distributed through the City s existing purple pipe (reclaimed water) system. This reclaimed water will be applied to landscaping throughout the city, and when permitted the water will be injected into city aquifers to help sustain groundwater yields. The shallow groundwater extraction well that is proposed as part of Element 1 will have a depth of approximately 100 to 150 feet. This groundwater extraction will occur in a zone of brackish groundwater that is shallower and down-gradient of the fresh groundwater aquifer. Extraction of brackish groundwater in this location will not result in a lowering of fresh groundwater levels or a net deficit in fresh groundwater aquifer volume. Additionally, a portion of extracted brackish groundwater that will be treated by the proposed project will be available for injection towards the purposes of sustainable groundwater management once permitted. These activities, once permitted, will result in an increase in net fresh groundwater aquifer volume and will represent a beneficial impact. Overall, the project will result in a beneficial impact to water resources and water supply reliability. However, the construction period will require a temporary water supply for dust abatement on disturbed soils; this water supply would likely be provided from local groundwater resources. As noted, the construction water requirements will be temporary, and overall the project will have a beneficial impact to water supply reliability. Therefore, potential impacts associated with the depletion of groundwater resources or interference with groundwater recharge will be less than significant. c) Less Than Significant Impact. Construction of the proposed project may temporarily alter the onsite drainage patterns at the construction sites, but such alterations will be temporary and limited to the active construction sites. Construction of the proposed project will not alter the course of a stream or river. Operation of the proposed project will alter drainage patterns in that runoff that will normally flow to the Pacific Ocean will be captured, treated, and re-distributed for reuse throughout the city. These drainage pattern alterations will not result in erosion or siltation on- or off-site. Rather, the proposed project s harvesting of stormwater runoff would be beneficial in reducing any erosion or July 2016 Page 48 of 76

54 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION siltation existing down gradient of the project sites. No impact to on- or off-site erosion or siltation will occur from operation of the proposed project. d) No Impact. Construction of the proposed project may temporarily alter onsite drainage patterns at construction sites; however, flood risk in the proposed project area is minimal and the temporary, minor drainage alterations during construction of the proposed project will not substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner that will result in flooding on- or off-site. Construction of the proposed project will not alter the course of a stream or river since no surface water resources are located on or in the vicinity of any of the project sites. Runoff in the proposed project area is managed through a stormwater drainage system and construction of the proposed project will not affect this system in a manner that will result in flooding on- or off-site. Operation of the proposed project will alter drainage patterns in that runoff that would normally flow to the Pacific Ocean will be captured, treated, and re-distributed for reuse throughout the city. This drainage pattern alteration will not result in flooding on- or offsite. Rather, the proposed project s harvesting of stormwater runoff will be beneficial in reducing flooding that exists down gradient of the project sites. No impact to on- or offsite flooding will result from operation of the proposed project. e) No Impact. Neither construction nor operation of the proposed project will create or contribute runoff water which will exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff. The stormwater harvest tanks associated with the proposed project will retain potentially contaminated runoff water that will be treated for reuse in the City s reclaimed water system or for groundwater recharge, once permitted. Neither construction nor operation of the proposed project will increase the amount of runoff in the project area, and the capacity of the existing stormwater drainage systems will be unaffected. The project will decrease the amount of stormwater discharged to the ocean at the Pico-Kenter outfall by up to 4.5MG from any single storm event. f) Less Than Significant Impact. Several proposed project components will be located below ground and may require temporary dewatering during construction. If improperly managed, these dewatering activities could result in discharge of contaminated groundwater. In accordance with the Waste Discharge Requirements for Discharges of Groundwater from Construction and Project Dewatering to Surface Waters in Coastal Watersheds of Los Angeles and Ventura Counties (Order No. R , General NPDES Permit No. CAG994), contaminated groundwater will be treated prior to discharge or disposed of at an appropriate disposal facility or wastewater treatment plant. This impact will be less than significant. g) No Impact. The proposed project does not include any housing or habitable structures. Also, none of the proposed project components is located in a 100-year flood hazard area as shown on FEMA s National Flood Hazard Layer. No impact will occur. h) No Impact. None of the project components is located in a 100-year flood hazard area as shown on FEMA s National Flood Hazard Layer. In addition most project components will be located below ground or in the footprint of existing structures and will not impede or redirect flood flows. No impact will occur. i) No Impact. The proposed project does not include any housing or habitable structures. Most proposed project components will be located below ground and will not be subject to damage from flooding. With the exception of the shallow groundwater July 2016 Page 49 of 76

55 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION extraction well, all proposed project components are located in Flood Hazard Zone X (unshaded), which is an area of minimal flood hazard. The shallow groundwater extraction well is located in an area that is designated as Zone X (shaded), which is an area subject to flooding from the 500-year flood (0.2 percent annual chance of flooding). The above-ground components of the shallow impaired groundwater extraction well will not be subject to damage from flooding, and no impact will occur. The proposed project is not located in a dam inundation area, and no flooding impact due to failure of a dam or levee will occur. j) Less Than Significant Impact. The potential tsunami inundation hazard zone extends only 0.25 miles inland from the shoreline. Only the shallow groundwater extraction well component of the proposed project will be subject to inundation. Inundation of this component of the proposed project by tsunami will not result injury or loss of life as this component is not a habitable structure and will be operated on an unmanned basis. Although damage to the aboveground portion of this proposed project component could occur during a tsunami, this proposed project component is not critical infrastructure and damage to this component during a tsunami will not reduce or interfere with emergency response capabilities. This impact will be less than significant and no mitigation is required. Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact XI. LAND USE AND PLANNING. Would the project: a) Physically divide an established community? b) Conflict with any applicable land use plan, policy or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including, but not limited to, the general plan, specific plan, local coastal program or zoning ordinance) adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect? c) Conflict with any applicable habitat conservation plan or natural community conservation plan? Existing Setting The city of Santa Monica is located on the western edge of Los Angeles County. The city is directly accessible via the I-10 and I-405 freeways, as well as the PCH/Palisades Beach Road, which links Santa Monica to Malibu. The city of Santa Monica occupies approximately 8.25 square miles, and is mostly developed with residential, commercial, light industrial, and institutional uses. Existing land uses surrounding the project sites include a variety of commercial buildings, residential buildings, the Santa Monica Civic Center, the Santa Monica Pier, Memorial Park, and Santa Monica High School. The project sites are located at The SMURRF, adjacent Parking Lot #1-South, Beach Maintenance Yard, the Santa Monica Civic Center Parking Lot, and the sports fields at Memorial Park. Discussion July 2016 Page 50 of 76

56 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION a) No Impact. The project sites are located in an urbanized area of Santa Monica and are zoned Parks and Open Space, and Oceanfront under the LUCE. The proposed project involves the construction of sustainable water infrastructure and facilities. All proposed components of the project would occur within existing City property, which is previously disturbed. Furthermore, the major elements of the project such as the recycled water treatment plant and underground stormwater harvest tanks would be located underground. By constructing the key project elements underground, the project areas will be allowed to be developed with future land uses. The proposed project will be compatible with existing adjacent land uses. As a result, the project will not divide any established community. Therefore, no impact will occur. b) Less Than Significant Impact. The project will include the construction and installation of sustainable water infrastructure at several locations in the City with various zoning districts. The table below provides a comparison of project components with existing zoning and applicable requirements. Table 5 Development Adjacent to the Proposed Project Elements Project Element Project Component 1 Groundwater Extraction Well 1 Modular Reverse Osmosis (RO) unit Proposed Location City Beach Maintenance Yard SMURFF 1 Solar Panels SMURRF, existing tanks near the Pico- Kenter outfall, City Parking Lot #1-South 2 Underground Recycled Water Treatment Plant 3 Underground Stormwater Harvest Tank 3 Underground Stormwater Harvest Tank Civic Center parking lot Civic Center parking lot Memorial Park Zoning District Open Space (OS) Oceanfront (OF) Oceanfront (OF), Open Space (OS) Open Space (OS) Open Space (OS) Open Space (OS) Applicable Requirements None since a significant portion of this project component (well casing) will be located underground and surface area will be restored Section Accessory uses are permissible when they are determined by the Zoning Administrator to be necessary and customarily associated with and appropriate, incidental, and subordinate to, the principal uses and which are consistent and not more disturbing or disruptive than permitted uses. Section Excluding solar collector panels, their necessary support structure, and conduit, solar energy systems shall not be visible from the public right-of-way adjacent to the front property line None since this project component will be located underground and surface area will be restored None since this project component will be located underground and surface area will be restored None since this project component will be located underground and surface area will be restored July 2016 Page 51 of 76

57 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION As shown in Table 5, the proposed project will not conflict with applicable zoning requirements. The major components of the project will be underground and as such, will not interfere with the City s zoning regulations for the project sites. Additionally, the project will be consistent with SCAG s RTP/SCS and the City s other adopted land use plans including the City s Sustainable City Plan, the Land Use and Circulation Element, and the Sustainable Water Master Plan (SWMP). The City s Sustainable City Plan calls for increasing the City s water supply to 100 percent local (i.e., no import of water) and an upward trend in non-potable use. The LUCE also includes goals and policies to promote water conservation and increase the use of reclaimed and recycled water. Furthermore, the SWMP includes an evaluation of expanded demand management measures and a variety of water supply alternatives including recycled water, stormwater collection and treatment, rainwater harvesting, gray-water applications, and other water rights, supply and exchange opportunities to align with the City s goal of water self-sufficiency by Overall, the project will be fully supportive of the region s and the City s water goals and policies as described below in Table 6. The project will be consistent with applicable plans, policies, and regulations. Therefore, impacts will be less than significant. Table 6 Project Consistency with the Goals and Policies of SCAG and LUCE SCAG 2016 RTP/SCS Policy RTP Goal: Actively encourage and create incentives for energy efficiency, where possible Sustainable City Plan Resource Conservation Water Use Targets for 2020 Increase to 100% local (no import) Upward trend in non-potable use 2010 LUCE D19.6 Preserve the public view corridors, including western views to the ocean from the east-west streets and boulevards, views to the ocean and the Pier from Palisades Park, and denotes sustainable policy views from the Pier to the city. Goal S4: Increase use of renewable energy in the city. Relationship to Project Consistent: Construction of the proposed solar panels will produce approximately 52,800 kwh/year which will be utilized to offset operational energy demand at the City s SWIP. Additionally, the proposed project will help to reduce the city s dependence on imported water, which is energyintensive to transport and deliver. The proposed SWIP will provide treatment and conjunctive reuse of brackish/saline impaired groundwater, recycled municipal wastewater, and stormwater runoff. The project will help to reduce the City s dependence on imported water and increase the use of non-potable (recycled) water. Consistent. Element 1 of the project, which will be located in the Oceanfront District, will involve installation of modular RO units at the SMURRF, installation solar panels at the SMURRF, Pico-Kenter outfall, and City parking lot adjacent to the SMURRF, and installation of a shallow groundwater extraction well at the City s existing Beach Maintenance Yard. Installation of these will not obstruct views of the ocean or of the city. Consistent. Element 1 of the proposed project will install solar panels capable of generating July 2016 Page 52 of 76

58 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION approximately 52,800 kwh/year of solar electricity. Goal S6: Promote water conservation and increase the use of reclaimed and recycled water. Goal S7: Reduce the carbon footprint of the City s municipal operations. Sustainable Water Master Plan Achieve water self-sufficiency by 2020 Consistent. The proposed SWIP will provide treatment and conjunctive reuse of brackish/saline impaired groundwater, recycled municipal wastewater, and stormwater runoff. Consistent. The installation of solar panels in Element 1 of the project will supply approximately 52,800 kwh/year of electricity that will offset the energy used at the SMURRF. Additionally, the project will reduce dependence on imported water and will result in estimated water-energy reductions for every 2.5 billion gallons of avoided import water of 8.9 million kwh of energy and million kg GHG emissions. The proposed SWIP will provide treatment and conjunctive reuse of brackish/saline impaired groundwater, recycled municipal wastewater, and stormwater runoff. The project will help to reduce the City s dependence on imported water and increase the use of non-potable (recycled) water. c) No Impact. The project is located entirely in the urbanized City of Santa Monica and there is no habitat conservation plan that applies to the project sites. The proposed project will not conflict with the provisions of any applicable habitat conservation plan. Therefore, no impacts will occur. July 2016 Page 53 of 76

59 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact XII. MINERAL RESOURCES. Would the project: a) Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the state? b) Result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan? Existing Setting There are no known mineral resources in the project sites. In addition, no State of California designated operational mineral resource recovery sites are present in the project site vicinity (Department of Conservation 2014). Discussion a-b) No Impact. The proposed project will not occur in an area known to contain mineral resources. Given that the project sites are located in a highly urbanized area of the city and are developed as the SMURFF, Beach Maintenance Yard, Civic Center, and Memorial Park, the potential for mineral resources to occur onsite is low. Therefore, the proposed project will not result in the loss of availability of a mineral resource or a mineral resource recovery site and no impacts will occur. July 2016 Page 54 of 76

60 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact XIII. NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECTS. Would the project: a) Have considerable effects on the city s residential neighborhoods? Existing Setting Neighborhood effects refers to the impacts of the proposed project, or processes related to its implementation, that might affect the quality of life of the existing residents of adjacent neighborhoods. Quality of life represents a composite impression, and is usually expressed in terms of overall environment, combining aesthetic character, ambient noise levels, and transportation/circulation. Element 1 of the project is located in the Oceanfront District of Santa Monica as defined by the LUCE. Elements 2 and 3 are zoned as Parks and Open Space. All sites for the project elements are located in a highly urbanized area, surrounded by a mixture of commercial, recreational, institutional, and residential uses. Buildings surrounding the project sites range in height from single to five plus stories and are designed with varying architecture. The project sites are located near busy urban streets such as PCH, Pico Boulevard, Ocean Boulevard, and Colorado Avenue. Pedestrian-friendly sidewalks and varied tree-lined public frontages are also present around each element site. The City s Urban Forest Program supports the preservation and enhancement of mature street trees. Discussion a) Less Than Significant Impact. None of the project sites are located in residential neighborhoods. As discussed above, the project sites are located within existing City property and are surrounded by existing commercial, institutional, recreational, and residential uses. The proposed project will involve the construction and installation of sustainable water infrastructure, including modular RO and pretreatment units, underground recycled water treatment plant, underground stormwater harvest tanks, and a shallow saline/brackish groundwater extraction well. The only above-ground project features will be located at the SMURRF, which is not in a residential neighborhood, and at the Civic Center parking lot, also not a residential neighborhood (at the Civic Center parking lot a low profile stairwell and elevator structure will be constructed to provide secure access to the underground recycled water treatment facility). All other project features will be installed underground and therefore will result in no long-term change to neighborhood character or effects. Construction and operation of the proposed project will not result in adverse effects on a residential neighborhood given the project site location. For discussions of the project s effects on surrounding land uses, please refer to Section I, Aesthetics, Section III, Air Quality, Section XIV, Noise, and Section XVIII, Transportation/Traffic. As analyzed in the respective sections of this IS/MND, these neighborhood impacts will be less than significant. July 2016 Page 55 of 76

61 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact XIV. NOISE. Would the project result in: a) Exposure of persons to or generation of noise levels in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance or of applicable standards of other agencies? b) Exposure of persons to or generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels? c) A substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project? d) A substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project? e) For a project located within an airport land use plan area or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or a public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? f) For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? Existing Setting The project sites are located in the urbanized City of Santa Monica. Ambient noise in the project vicinity is largely associated with transportation noise generated by roadway and aircraft. Additional noises that contribute to ambient noise in the city occur from various stationary sources, such as mechanical equipment associated with building structures, the operation of various types of businesses, and sources at commercial locations (e.g., amplified music). Existing sensitive receptors near the project site include the Santa Monica High School across from the Civic Center parking lot, and residential apartments adjacent to the SMURRF. In addition, the planned future early childhood education center is proposed within the Civic Center to the north of the proposed site for the underground recycled water treatment plant. Discussion a-b) Less Than Significant Impact. In accordance with Section of Article 4 of the City s Noise Ordinance, construction activities will be restricted to the hours of 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on weekdays, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on Saturdays, and no construction activities will be allowed on Sundays or public holidays. July 2016 Page 56 of 76

62 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Construction activities will involve the use of heavy equipment as well as smaller power tools and equipment that produce noise. Haul trucks traveling on the streets will also generate increased noise during the construction period. Construction will involve the operation of various types of equipment, and noise levels will vary based on the amount and types of equipment in operation and the location of the activity. Project construction will involve excavation and the use of typical drill and pour cast-in-place concrete. No pile driving will be necessary for construction. Solider piles for engineered shoring will be installed by drilling pilot holes. Noise levels associated with typical construction equipment is shown in Table 7. Table 7 Typical Noise Levels Generated by Construction Equipment Equipment Type Typical Lmax (dba) 50 Feet from the Source Air Compressor Stationary 81 Backhoe Mobile 80 Compactor (ground) Mobile 83 Concrete Mixer Stationary 85 Dozer Mobile 82 Dump Truck Mobile 76 Excavator Mobile 81 Flat Bed Truck Mobile 74 Front End Loader Mobile 79 Generator Stationary 81 Grader Mobile 83 Jack Hammer Mobile 88 Paver Mobile 89 Roller Mobile 80 Saw Stationary 70 Scraper Mobile 89 Truck Mobile 88 Source: FHWA, Based on the noise levels indicated above, maximum noise levels anticipated to occur at nearby sensitive receptors will be about 89 A-weighted decibels (dba) at 50 feet, 83 dba at 150 feet, and 72 at 350 feet. According to the City s Noise Ordinance (Section ), noise from construction activities shall not exceed 20 dba over the exterior noise standards specified for the noise zone. The exterior noise standard for Noise Zone II (zone for the project site) is set at 65 dba from 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m., thereby allowing for a maximum noise level of 85 dba during these July 2016 Page 57 of 76

63 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION hours. During project construction, maximum noise levels could reach as high as 83 dba at the exterior of nearest commercial uses approximately 100 feet southeast of Element 2. The nearest residences are the apartments adjacent to the SMURRF; Element 1 at the SMURRF involves the installation of prefabricated modular RO units and will not require noise-intensive activities such as excavation. Regardless, maximum noise levels could reach as high as about 80 dba at the exterior of the residences adjacent to the SMURRF. Therefore, construction activities for the proposed project will not generate noise levels that exceed the established exterior noise limit of 85 dba in a commercial zone. Impacts associated with construction activities will be less than significant and no mitigation will be required. Nevertheless, standard noise control methods will be utilized during construction to minimize noise conflicts. As discussed in Section XVIII, Transportation/Traffic, operation of the project will generate minimal vehicle trips. The noise that is anticipated to occur from operation of the project will be nominal and consisting of vehicle-related mobile sources during inspection and repair activities. Underground components, which comprise the majority of project facilities, will not generate operational noise. Potential noises associated with the use of inspection and repair vehicles and equipment will be minimal and consistent with the existing environment. Therefore, impacts will be less than significant. c) Less Than Significant Impact. The existing noise environment in the project vicinity is dominated by traffic noise on nearby streets, as well as nearby commercial and recreational activities. Operation of the project will not have a significant effect on the project vicinity. Therefore, noise impacts will be less than significant. d) Less Than Significant Impact. Implementation of the project will result in limited and short term construction noise. As discussed above, noise from construction will be in conformance with the City Noise Ordinance. The operation of the project will not generate a substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above existing levels. Therefore, impacts will be less than significant. e-f) No Impact. The Santa Monica Municipal Airport is approximately 1.5 miles southeast of Memorial Park, 1.75 miles east of the Civic Center, and two miles east of the SMURFF. The project sites are outside of the Airport Land Use Plan. The proposed project will not expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels from an airport or airstrip. Therefore, the project will have no impact. July 2016 Page 58 of 76

64 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact XV. POPULATION AND HOUSING. Would the project: a) Induce substantial population growth in an area, either directly (e.g., by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (e.g., through extension of roads or other infrastructure)? b) Displace substantial numbers of existing housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere? c) Displace substantial numbers of people, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere? Existing Setting The project sites are located in the urbanized city of Santa Monica. This region is characterized by a mixture of urban land uses, and supports a mix of retail, commercial, institutional, recreation and residential land uses. The project sites are currently developed as the SMURFF, Beach Maintenance Yard, Civic Center, and Memorial Park. As of January 2016, the city of Santa Monica has a population of 93,640 5 while the County of Los Angeles has a population of 10,241,335 (CDF 2016). It is estimated that, as of January 2016, the city of Santa Monica has a housing stock of approximately 52,082 units (CDF 2016). There are no existing housing units or residents on these sites. Discussion a) No Impact. The proposed project will not include construction of any housing units, and will not directly or indirectly induce population growth. Construction employment opportunities provided by the project will not result in household relocation by construction workers due to the relatively small project scale, and the fact that construction workers are expected to be drawn from the local Los Angeles County workforce. Operation of the project will support water supply reliability for the city s existing residences and businesses, and will not directly draw new residences or businesses to the area. No impact will occur. b-c) No Impact. The project sites are currently developed as the SMURFF, Beach Maintenance Yard, Civic Center, and Memorial Park. There are no existing housing units or residents on these sites. As such, the project will not displace existing housing units or people and will have no impact. 5 Estimated 1.91 persons per household. July 2016 Page 59 of 76

65 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact XVI. PUBLIC SERVICES. Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services: a) Fire protection? b) Police protection? c) Schools? d) Parks? e) Other public facilities? Existing Setting Fire Protection. The Santa Monica Fire Department (SMFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical (paramedic) services in the city. The city has four fire stations that provide emergency response services. Santa Monica Fire Department Station No. 1 is the first-response station as it is most centrally located to the three project elements, at th Street, between Santa Monica Boulevard and Broadway. Two others stations are within 1.5 miles of the all three project sites, Fire Station No. 2 at 222 Hollister Avenue and Fire Station No. 3 at th Street. The SMFD currently follows the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1710 standards for setting emergency response time goals. The SMFD has approximately 116 total sworn firefighters, 99 of which are active fire fighters (Clemo 2016). Construction of a new Fire Station No. 1 building is pending at th Street. The new station will allow additional space for equipment and expansion of staff. The City estimates that the new station will increase firefighters at SMFD from 14 per 24-hour shift to 24 per 24-hour shift. Additionally, the SMFD strictly enforces the City s current Fire Code which provides requirements for fire suppression systems, use of fire resistant building materials, and visible address signage. Police Protection. The Santa Monica Police Department (SMPD) provides police protection services in the City. The SMPD is headquartered at Olympic Boulevard and 4th Street, the station is within one mile of all three project elements. The SMPD is staffed with 216 sworn enforcement personnel and 231 non-sworn administrative and support staff. The SMPD divides the city into four beats and operates these beats on a 24-hour basis. Elements 1 and 2 are located in Beat No. 1, while Element 3 is located in Beat No 3. Although there are only eight officers assigned to Beat No. 1, there are 63 officers deployed across the city at all times. SMPD s maximum allowable response time to emergency calls is 5 minutes or less. Schools. The Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District (SMMUSD) provides public school education to the project area. The SMMUSD operates twelve existing public (kindergarten to grade 12) schools in Santa Monica, including seven elementary schools (kindergarten to grade 5), two middle schools (grade 6 to grade 8), one alternative school (kindergarten to grade 8), and two high schools (grade 9 to grade 12), as well as additional school facilities in Malibu (SMMUSD 2016). Other Public Facilities. The City of Santa Monica Public Works Department (PWD) provides park maintenance for the city s 27 parks and approximately 141 acres of park space, medians, City July 2016 Page 60 of 76

66 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION facilities, and the Civic Center complex. Of this total amount, acres of park space is maintained as formal open space and recreational facilities for the city s population. The City also provides additional public services, such as the five Santa Monica public libraries and additional recreational facilities (e.g., plazas, regional areas, and school facilities with joint-use agreements) (Santa Monica 2016). Discussion a-c and e) No Impact. The proposed project will be designed in accordance with applicable provisions of the Santa Monica Municipal Code (SMMC) pertaining to fire protection and emergency access. Emergency access to the project sites will be maintained throughout construction and operation. The project will result in a negligible demand for fire protection services since the facilities will be predominantly underground and unmanned. Expansion of existing SMFD facilities or personnel will not be necessary to accommodate demand associated with the proposed project. During project operation, project infrastructure will be monitored largely remotely via smart technology and SCADA with minimal onsite staff support, and no substantial risk or unusual demand for SMPD services will be introduced. Further, the project will not result in an increase in population in the city. As a result, demand for police protection services will not increase and there will be no need for new or expanded SMPD facilities. The proposed project will not introduce new residential structures or uses that will generate demand for school facilities, libraries, or other public facilities. Further, the construction of the project will not generate employment such that direct or indirect increases in demand for such facilities will result. Based on the above, no impact associated with fire protection, police protection, school facilities, libraries, or other public facilities will occur as a result of the proposed project. d) Less Than Significant Impact. The project will not introduce new population that will create additional demands for existing or planned park facilities. However, Element 3 of the proposed project) includes the installation of a stormwater harvest tank located underground in the City s Memorial Park. During construction of this tank, access to portions of the park will be temporarily restricted. Upon completion of construction, the stormwater harvesting tank at Memorial Park will be underground and the above surface area will be restored to recreational uses. Impacts to Memorial Park will be temporary and limited to the construction period. Therefore, impacts to parks will be less than significant. July 2016 Page 61 of 76

67 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact XVII. RECREATION. a) Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated? b) Does the project include recreational facilities, or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities, which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment? Existing Setting The City of Santa Monica provides 27 parks, 3 community gardens, 5 public grounds (e.g., Annenberg Beach House, Civic Auditorium, Community Center), 245 acres of open space (state beach), and multiple special use areas (e.g., Third Street Promenade, Santa Monica Place, Cove Skate park, Swim Center). Recreational areas near the project site include the Memorial Park, Santa Monica State Beach, and the Santa Monica High School. The Santa Monica State Beach provides stretches of sandy beach, bike and walking paths, lawn areas, and volleyball courts along with other recreational opportunities for the city s residents, employees, and visitors. a) Less Than Significant Impact. As discussed in Section XVI. (Population and Housing), the proposed project will not result in an increase in population or employment in the city of Santa Monica. Therefore, the project will not create a substantial increase in demands on existing or planned recreational facilities. However, Element 3 of the project includes the installation of a stormwater harvest tank located beneath the sports fields at the City s Memorial Park. During construction of this tank, a portion of the recreational facilities will be temporarily unavailable to the public. However, after construction is complete, the project area will be restored to its current recreational use. Therefore, impacts to recreational facilities will be temporary and limited to the construction period for the underground stormwater tank. Impacts will be less than significant. b) No Impact. The proposed project will not include the development of or require the construction of recreational facilities that will physically affect the environment. The proposed project will not result in an increased demand for parks or recreational services and no impacts will occur. July 2016 Page 62 of 76

68 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact XVIII. TRANSPORTATION/TRAFFIC. Would the project: a) Conflict with an applicable plan, ordinance or policy establishing measures of effectiveness for the performance of the circulation system, taking into account all modes of transportation including mass transit and non-motorized travel and relevant components of the circulation system, including but not limited to intersections, streets, highways and freeways, pedestrian and bicycle paths, and mass transit? b) Conflict with an applicable congestion management program, including, but not limited to level of service standards and travel demand measures, or other standards established by the county congestion management agency for designated roads or highways? c) Result in a change in air traffic patterns, including either an increase in traffic levels or a change in location that results in substantial safety risks? d) Substantially increase hazards due to a design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)? e) Result in inadequate emergency access? f) Conflict with adopted policies, plans, or programs regarding public transit, bicycle, or pedestrian facilities, or otherwise decrease the performance or safety of such facilities? Existing Setting Regional access to the project site is provided via Santa Monica Freeway (I-10), the San Diego Freeway (I-405), and PCH/Palisades Beach Road. I-10 is located centrally between the different project elements, and provides access across the City of Santa Monica to the City of Los Angeles. I-405 is located approximately 2.7 miles east of the project site for Element 3 and provides north-south access throughout the western region of the Los Angeles Basin. PCH is located at the western edge of the city, adjacent to Element 1, and provides access north along the coast to the Pacific Palisades community and further north to the City of Malibu. Element 1 of the project is located at the SMURRF on Appian Way, just south of the Santa July 2016 Page 63 of 76

69 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Monica Pier. Element 2 of the project is located at the Santa Monica Civic Center Parking Lot at the western corner of 4 th Street and Pico Boulevard. Element 3 of the project is located at the City s Memorial Park and will be accessed off of 16 th Street. The project elements are located in Santa Monica, and are all in a designated Transit Priority Area, as designated by SCAG (SCAG 2016b). A transit priority area includes areas within 0.5 mile of a major, existing or planned transit stop. Public transit in the project vicinity is currently provided by the City of Santa Monica s Big Blue Bus and the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro). The majority of these lines have headway frequency of 30 minutes or less, with peak-hour headways of eight to 15 minutes. Additionally, the Expo Light Rail Transit (LRT) recently began operation in May 2016; the LRT provides regional public rail transit to the city. The Expo LRT is designed to carry an estimated 50 trains per day with headways of 10 to 12 minutes. The SMURFF, Civic Center Parking Lot, and Memorial Park are within walking distance of the Expo LRT stations. Public parking in the project area is available in City-owned public parking lots, privately owned public parking lots, and metered parking on city streets. Metered street parking is available on 16 th Street near Element 3 and along the east side of Pico Boulevard near Element 2. Element 2 is located in the public parking lot for the Santa Monica Civic Center. There is additional public parking south of the SMURRF site in Element 1, across Apian Way. Discussion a-b) Less Than Significant Impact. The proposed project will not generate a substantial amount of vehicle trips during project operation. Improvements to the SMURRF proposed in Element 1 of the project will not result in any net new increase in vehicle trips. The proposed recycled water treatment facility at the Civic Center Parking Lot in Element 2 will require about eight truck trips, two times per year for the removal of the processed solids for a total of 16 vehicle trips per year. Other portions of the project are not anticipated to generate vehicle trips since they will include underground water storage facilities and a shallow groundwater extraction well. The project will not generate traffic on a regular basis. The minor increase in trips will have a negligible effect on the performance of the existing street network. The proposed project will not conflict with transportation plans, including the Los Angeles County Congestion Management Program. Impacts will be less than significant. c) No Impact. The project site is located approximately 1.5 miles away from the Santa Monica Municipal Airport, a general aviation airport located in the southeastern portion of the city. Due to its distance from the airport, the project elements are not located in an airport land use plan or airport limited (e.g., safety-restricted) area. In addition, the project elements are not in established flight paths for the Santa Monica Airport and will not construct any structures or features that could interfere with air traffic. Construction of the proposed project will involve the use of crane equipment; however, this will not affect air traffic patterns. Therefore, this project will have no impact. d) Less Than Significant. The proposed project involves the construction of sustainable water infrastructure at several distinct sites, and will not include hazardous design features such as dead ends, sharp curves, or dangerous intersections. The project also will not include incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment). During construction, short-term transportation-related hazards may be introduced due to the presence and use of construction vehicles and equipment; however, the City will obtain a Use of Public Property Permit, Excavation Permit, Sewer Permit, and/or Oversize Load Permit, as well as any Caltrans permits required, for any construction work requiring encroachment into public rights of way, detours, or any other work in a public right-of-way. Therefore, impacts will be less than significant with mitigation. July 2016 Page 64 of 76

70 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION e) Less Than Significant Impact. The project sites are accessible to emergency vehicles and evacuation routes are available via existing streets. During project construction, there are no expected lane closures and emergency access will be maintained at all times. Construction of the recycled water treatment plant may require the temporary closure of one or two driveways at the Civic Center parking lot. In the event that temporary closure of a driveway is required, a secondary detour driveway will be provided to ensure that access to the parking lot will be maintained for the Civic Center uses. Further, the project will be reviewed by the SMFD and SMPD prior to issuance of building permit to ensure adequate access. Therefore, impacts will be less than significant. f) No Impact. The project site is in close proximity to a variety of alternative transportation opportunities. The Expo Light Rail provides regional rail service within walking distance of the Civic Center parking lot and Memorial Park. The Expo Light Rail operates every 10 to 12 minutes. Additionally, the Big Blue Bus and Metro provide bus service throughout the City. The majority of these lines have service frequency or headways of 30 minutes or less, with peak-hour headways of 8 to 15 minutes. The proposed project will not disrupt existing rail/bus service nor will it require the relocation of existing bus stops. Therefore, the proposed project will not conflict with policies, programs, or plans supporting alternative transportation and will not result in impacts. July 2016 Page 65 of 76

71 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporate d Less Than Significant Impact No Impact IX. UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS. Would the project: a) Exceed wastewater treatment requirements of the applicable Regional Water Quality Control Board? b) Require or result in the construction of new water or wastewater treatment facilities or expansion of existing facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental effects? c) Require or result in the construction of new storm water drainage facilities or expansion of existing facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental effects? d) Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project from existing entitlements and resources, or are new or expanded entitlements needed? e) Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider that serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project s projected demand, in addition to the provider s existing commitments? f) Be served by a landfill with sufficient permitted capacity to accommodate the project s solid waste disposal needs? g) Comply with federal, state and local statutes and regulations related to solid waste? Existing Setting The City of Santa Monica Water Resource Division is the agency responsible for providing water service to city. The City distributes water to approximately 18,000 customers throughout a 250- mile network of water lines ranging from 4 to 36 inches in diameter. The city of Santa Monica has averaged an annual demand of approximately 13,930 AFY since 2. Historically, the City produces approximately 70 percent of the municipal water supplies from groundwater resources. However, the City confirmed contamination (methyl tert-butyl ether) in groundwater supplies from the Charnock Groundwater Sub-basin wells from 1996 to 2011 and has relied more heavily upon imported water supplies from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD). Presently, contamination has been abated and all five supply wells are operational. As July 2016 Page 66 of 76

72 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION of May 2016, California has withdrawn statewide water conservation mandates of 25 percent and instead has implemented policies for municipalities to select their own conservation rates providing proof of adequate supplies following three consecutive drought years. Actions to reduce water demand include the City s Sustainable Water Master Plan, which outlines the City s plan to achieve water supply sufficiency by 2020 (City of Santa Monica, 2014). Under the LUCE, the land use changes in the city are expected to create a water demand of between 14,000 and 15,000 AFY by Wastewater. Wastewater from the city is collected through the City of Santa Monica s wastewater system, which is owned by the City of Santa Monica and is managed, operated, and maintained by the Water Resources Division of the City s Public Works Department. All wastewater is currently treated at the City of Los Angeles s existing Hyperion Treatment Plant in the community of Playa del Rey located approximately 6.5 miles southeast of the proposed project. To ensure that wastewater flows will be adequately accommodated, the City reviews sewer lines based on the guidelines for sewer design and operations from the Los Angeles Bureau of Engineering Manual Part F. According to this guidance, sewers should be sized so the depth of the Peak Dry Weather Flow (PDWF), projected for the design period, is no more than 50 percent of the pipe diameter. The proposed project will be connected to the sanitary sewer system at the underground recycled water treatment facility (Element 2). Wastewater will be sourced from a 54-inch force main located near the intersection of Pico Boulevard and Ocean Avenue. Wastewater entering the plant will be treated to advance water quality and distributed through the City s existing purple pipe system for all planned uses. Additionally, the RO concentrate generated by the proposed modular RO unit at the SMURRF (Element 1) and the recycled water treatment facility (Element 2) will be blended with sanitary sewer flow and sent to the City of Los Angeles s existing Hyperion Treatment Plant for treatment. Wastewater is delivered to the Hyperion Treatment Plant via the City of Santa Monica s Coastal Interceptor Sewer System (CISS). The Hyperion Treatment Plant operates in accordance with water quality permits issued by the Los Angeles RWQCB. The CISS system is designed for 52 MGD at its terminus at the southern city boundary and currently has average yearly flows of approximately 32.6 MGD (City of Santa Monica, 2012). The Hyperion Treatment Plant currently processes an average of 340 MGD but has a dry weather capacity of 450 MGD and a wet weather capacity of 850 MGD (City of Los Angeles, 2016). Solid Waste. The Resource Recovery and Recycling Division of the City s Public Works Department provides solid waste management and collection services to all Santa Monica residents and approximately 50 percent of commercial and industrial establishments. The City collects, transfers, and disposes of trash; processes green waste and food scraps for compost; recycles single-stream commingled recyclables; and provides a State- authorized e-waste collection facility. Currently, 77 percent of solid waste generated in the city is diverted through waste prevention, recycling, and composting; the remaining 23 percent is disposed in landfills or waste-to-energy facilities (City of Santa Monica 2013b; City of Santa Monica, 2016c). Energy and Power. In the city of Santa Monica, Southern California Edison Company (SoCal Edison) provides electricity service and Southern California Gas Company (SoCal Gas) provides natural gas service. As of 2013, overall electricity and natural gas consumption was 6.1 Gigajoules (GJ), 0.7 percent higher than 2012, but still 10.4 percent lower than 1990, the highest year recorded for the city (City of Santa Monica, 2010). An increase in natural gas accounted for the change, rising three percent from 2012 while electricity usage dropped 1.5 percent. The commercial sector, comprised largely of downtown businesses, dominated energy consumption contributing 58 percent of total energy demands while the residential sector accounted for 42 percent. Currently, energy services in the project vicinity are considered adequate; no July 2016 Page 67 of 76

73 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION deficiencies in service capacities have been identified (City of Santa Monica, 2010). Table 8 provides a summary of all the agency s that provide services to the city. Table 8 Utilities Serving the City of Santa Monica Water Supply Wastewater Disposal Solid Waste Electric Natural Gas City of Santa Monica Public Works Department, Water Resources Division City of Santa Monica Public Works Department, Water Resources Division City of Los Angeles, Hyperion Treatment Plant City of Santa Monica Public Works Department, Resource Recovery and Recycling Division Southern California Edison Southern California Gas Company Discussion a, e) Less Than Significant Impact. The Los Angeles RWQCB in connection with the implementation of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program, imposes requirements on the treatment of wastewater and its discharge into local water bodies, including Santa Monica Bay. Wastewater produced by the proposed project will meet these requirements through treatment at the Hyperion Treatment Plant. This treatment plant uses full secondary treatment and has recently been upgraded to reduce the amount of wastewater solids going into Santa Monica Bay by 95 percent. In addition, implementation of wastewater BMPs required by the Santa Monica Municipal Code also help meet wastewater quality treatment standards. Therefore, RWQCB wastewater treatment requirements will not be exceeded. Element 1and 2 of the proposed project will generate RO concentrate. The concentrate from both facilities will be mixed with the existing sanitary sewer flow and delivered to the City of Los Angeles s existing Hyperion Treatment Plant for treatment. Element 2 will construct a recycled water treatment plant that will treat water delivered via the sanitary sewer. All water treated by the proposed recycled water treatment plant will meet the quality acceptable for non-potable reuse. The proposed recycled water treatment facility will have the capacity to treat up to 1.0 MGD. Water treatment will be limited to recycled water demand until the City is permitted for groundwater injection of treated water. Overall, implementation of Element 2 will serve to incrementally reduce wastewater loads in the City s sanitary sewer and Los Angeles s Hyperion Treatment Plant. The RO concentrate flows generated by Element 1, as well as the concentrate flows generated by Element 2 of the proposed project, will constitute a negligible change to the amount of wastewater delivered to the Hyperion Treatment Plant and the CISS. The net result of the project will be a decrease in wastewater flows. Therefore, flows will remain within the dry-weather capacity of 450 MGD and a wet weather capacity of 850 MGD. As a result, the proposed project will not exceed any wastewater treatment requirements of the Los Angeles RWQCB and adequate wastewater treatment capacity is available to serve the project. Therefore, impacts will be less than significant. July 2016 Page 68 of 76

74 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION b) Less Than Significant Impact. The proposed project involves construction of water and wastewater treatment facilities, including a modular RO unit at the existing SMURRF, and a recycled water treatment plant beneath the Civic Center Parking Lot. The proposed project will increase the City s capacity to treat and reuse wastewater, stormwater, and brackish/saline groundwater, as well as reduce the city s demand for environmentally costly imported water. As such, the project will not require construction of new or expanded water or wastewater treatment facilities beyond what is proposed as part of the SWIP. Impacts will be less than significant. c) Less Than Significant Impact. The proposed project involves construction of stormwater harvesting facilities (Element 3), including a 3.0-MG tank beneath Memorial Park and a 1.5-MG tank beneath the Civic Center Parking Lot. The Memorial Park tank will harvest stormwater from two storm drains, one beneath Santa Monica Boulevard and another from beneath Broadway, both with diversions at 15 th Street. Currently, flows from these two storm drains are discharged at the Pico-Kenter Outfall into the Pacific Ocean. The 1.5-MG stormwater collection and holding tank will be constructed adjacent to the recycled water treatment facility proposed in Element 2 of this project. This tank will primarily harvest stormwater from the approximately a portion of the Pico-Kenter sub drainage tributary area and the 6.2-acre Civic Center parking lot to store for i treatment at the proposed recycled water treatment facility. A secondary use for this tank will be to serve as a settling tank for stormwater collected from the Memorial Park harvesting tank. Water will be delivered from the Memorial Park tank to the proposed recycled water treatment facility through the City s existing stormwater drainage facilities. Together, these harvesting tanks act as stormwater control measure BMPs. They also contribute to the Santa Monica Bay Jurisdictional Groups 2 and 3 EWMP compliance and help improve beach water quality at the Pico-Kenter outfall. The proposed project will not result in the need of new or expanded stormwater drainage facilities beyond what is proposed as part of the SWIP design. Therefore, impacts will be less than significant. d) No Impact. A stated purpose of the SWIP is to reduce the city s demand for imported water supplies and work towards water supply self-sufficiency. Through the treatment and reuse of wastewater, stormwater runoff, and brackish/saline water resources in the city, the proposed project will increase the availability of local water resources and help to reduce demand for imported water purchased from MWD. Therefore, implementation of the project will not require new or expanded entitlements and will ultimately have a beneficial impact to the available water supply for the city of Santa Monica. No impact will occur. f) Less Than Significant Impact. Construction and operation of the proposed project will result in the need for solid waste disposal at the County s landfills. Project construction will generate construction and demolition (C&D) waste such as asphalt, concrete, and wood. SMMC Section , Subpart B, requires that demolition and/or construction projects greater than $50,000 or 1,000 sf divert at least 70 percent of C&D material from landfills. The proposed project will be subject to this diversion requirement. The applicant will complete a waste management plan (WMP) to ensure the management of C&D waste, as required and approved by the City as part of the application for the construction and demolition permit. Therefore, the project s C&D waste disposal will be reduced by at least 70 percent and the impacts on landfills will be less than significant. SWIP Element 2 will generate approximately 1,040 cubic yards of solid waste annually (approximately 20 cubic yards/week).the waste is expected to consist of paper scraps, rags and other materials typically found in municipal wastewater. Accumulated solid waste will be removed weekly and transported to an appropriate disposal facility in accordance with applicable regulations. The quantity of solid waste that will be generated by the proposed July 2016 Page 69 of 76

75 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION project will not exceed the available capacity at any of the nearby landfills shown in Table 9. Therefore, this impact will be less than significant and no mitigation is required Facility Table 9 Solid Waste Facilities Serving the City of Santa Monica Remaining Permitted Capacity (cubic yards) Permitted Daily Capacity (Tons) Antelope Valley 22,991,651 1,800 Chiquita Canyon Landfill 2,107,302 6,000 Lancaster Landfill and Recycling Center 14,298,311 3,000 Sunshine Canyon Landfill 87,416,245 12,100 Source: Los Angeles 2015 g) Less than significant. The proposed project will not conflict with the goals of the City s Sustainable City Plan, AB341, or the Zero Waste Strategic Plan. As mentioned above, during project construction, the City will comply with SMMC Section , Subpart B, to divert at least 70 percent of C&D material from landfills. In accordance with the SMMC, a Waste Management Plan (WMP) shall be prepared prior to commencement of construction work. Additionally, throughout the operational life of the project, recyclable containers or bins will be provided onsite to ensure that project-generated solid waste will be recycled or reused to the greatest extent possible. Therefore, the proposed project will comply with federal, state, and local regulations related to solid waste and will result in less than significant impacts. July 2016 Page 70 of 76

76 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated Less Than Significant Impact No Impact XX. MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE a) Does the project have the potential to degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wild-life population to drop below self-sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, reduce the number or restrict the range of rare or endangered plants or animals, or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory? b) Does the project have impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? "Cumulatively considerable" means that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects. c) Does the project have environmental effects that will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly? Existing Setting Not applicable. Discussion a) Less than Significant Impact. The proposed project s potential to degrade the quality of the environment has been analyzed throughout this IS/MND. The project has been determined to have no impacts, less than significant impacts, or less than significant impacts with mitigation. As discussed in Section IV, Biological Resources, because the project site is completely developed and located in an urbanized area, there are no rare or endangered habitats or protected plant or animal species. In addition, the proposed project will not cause a fish or wild-life population to drop below self-sustaining levels or threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community. The proposed project will result in less than significant impacts. b-c) Less than Significant Impact. Based on the analysis provided in this MND, the proposed project will not result in any significant impacts on an individual level and will not result in any significant adverse effects on human beings. The project will not generate new July 2016 Page 71 of 76

77 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION population or employment or result in long-term increases in traffic, noise, or emissions of air pollution, GHGs, or noise. It will have beneficial effects with respect to water and energy use and utility systems. As such, the project will not contribute to any significant cumulative impacts. Therefore, the proposed project will result in less than significant impacts. July 2016 Page 72 of 76

78 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION REFERENCES AMEC Foster Wheeler (Environment and Infrastructure, Inc.) Proposed Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project (SWIP) Archaeological And Historical Resources Study. May. ARB (Air Resources Board) AB 32 Scoping Plan. May 27. Accessed May 27, Retrieved from: California Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory 2015 Edition. Accessed May 27, Retrieved from: Area Designations Maps / State and National. May 5. Accessed May 27, Retrieved from: CalEMA (State of California Emergency Management Agency) Tsunami Inundation Map for Emergency Planning Beverly Hills Quadrangle. March 1. Accessed June 17, Retrieved from: les/documents/tsunami_inundation_beverlyhills_quad_losangeles.pdf CalEPA (California Environmental Protection Agency) Climate Action Team Report to Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and the Legislature. Accessed May 27, Retrieved from: 03_FINAL_CAT_REPORT.PDF. CalFIRE (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection). 2. California Interagency Watershed Map of 1999 (CalWater 2.2.1). Accessed June 17, Retrieved from: CDC (California Department of Conservation) California State Special Studies Zones: Beverly Hills Quadrangle. Accessed May 27, Retrieved from: Seismic Hazard Zones: Beverly Hills Quadrangle. Accessed May 27,2016. Retrieved from: Office of Mine Reclamation Mines On Line. Accessed June 2, Retrieved from: CDF (California Department of Finance). May E-5 Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State, January , with 2010 Benchmark. Accessed June 2, Retrieved from: 5/ /view.php City of Los Angeles LA Sanitation: Hyperion Water Reclamation Plant. Accessed: June 7, Retrieved from: Hyperion Water Reclamation Plant. Accessed June 8, Retrieved from: July 2016 Page 73 of 76

79 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION City of Los Angeles, et al. (City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Flood Control District, County of Los Angeles, City of Santa Monica, City of El Segundo) Santa Monica Bay Jurisdictional Group 2 and 3 Enhanced Watershed Management Program DRAFT. June 29. Accessed June 9, Retrieved from: City of Santa Monica. 2010a. Santa Monica Land Use and Circulation Element. July 24. Accessed: June 2, Retrieved from: b. Urban Water Management Plan. Accessed June 17, Retrieved from: MWP_July% pdf. 2010c. Santa Monica Office of Sustainability and the Environment - Energy Use. Accessed: June 7, 216. Retrieved from: City_Progress_Report/Resource_Conservation/Energy_Use.aspx. April City of Santa Monica Sewer System Management Plan. Accessed June 7, Retrieved From: a. 15 X 15 Climate Action Plan. Accessed May 27, Retrieved from: P_Final.pdf. 2013b. Zero Waste Strategic Operations Plan. Accessed: June 7, Retrieved from: gic%20plan.pdf Sustainable Water Master Plan. Accessed: June 7, Retrieved from: a. SM Map. Accessed May 27, Retrieved from: b. Community and Cultural Services. Accessed: June 7, Retrieved from: c. Santa Monica Public Works - About Us. Accessed: June 7, Retrieved from: 19 Clemo, Tom Personal Communication with Deputy Chief of Administration, Santa Monica Fire Department. June 7. CNDDB (California Natural Diversity Database) Accessed: June, Retrieved from: CNPS (California Native Plant Society) Accessed: June, Retrieved from: July 2016 Page 74 of 76

80 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION County of Los Angeles. May 13, 2. Santa Monica Municipal Airport Influence Area. Accessed: June 1, Retrieved from: December Countywide Integrated Waste Management Plan: 2014 Annual Report. Accessed June 8, Retrieved from: CWRCD (California Water Resources Control Board) GeoTracker Database. Accessed May 31, Retrieved from: DTSC (Department of Toxic Substances Control). 2016a. EnviroStor Database. Accessed May 31, Retrieved from: b. List of Hazardous Waste Facilities Subject to Corrective Action Pursuant to Section of the Health and Safety Code. Accessed: July 1, Retrieved from: DWR (California Department of Water Resources). 2. Coastal Plain of Los Angeles Groundwater Basin, Santa Monica Subbasin. Accessed June 17, Retrieved from: 2. South Coast Hydrologic Region - 2 Bulletin 118 update. Accessed June 17, Retrieved from: bulletin _118_-_update_2_/bulletin118_4-sc.pdf Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) FHWA Highway Construction Noise Handbook. (FHWAHEP ; DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-06-02). Retrieved from: Geotechnologies. 2. Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Parking Structure, Northwest Corner of Fourth Street and Civic Center Drive, Santa Monica, California. January 18. LADWP (Los Angeles Department of Water and Power) Feasibility Report for Development of Groundwater Resources in the Santa Monica and Hollywood Basins. December. Accessed June 17, Retrieved from: LARWQCB (Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board) Basin Plan for the Coastal Watersheds of Los Angeles and Ventura Counties. Accessed June 17, Retrieved from: documentation.shtml Leighton Consulting, Inc Geotechnical exploration Proposed 1.0 MG buried Non-potable Water Tank, Memorial Park, Santa Monica, California. April 30. SCAG (Southern California Association of Governments) Demographics and Growth Forecast. December. Accessed June 2, Retrieved from: df July 2016 Page 75 of 76

81 SUSTAINABLE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION. 2016a. The Regional Transportation Plan/ Sustainable Communities Strategy. April. Accessed June 2, Retrieved from: b. DRAFT SB 743 Transit Priority Areas (TPA). Accessed: June 7, Retrieved from: SCAQMD (South Coast Air Quality Management District) Air Quality Management Plan. Accessed May 27, Retrieved from: SCAQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds. Accessed May 27, Retrieved from: SMMUSD (Santa Monica Malibu Unified School District) Accessed June 7, Retrieved From: Stratus Environmental Inc. January 15, Second 2015 Annual Monitoring and Status Report. Accessed: June 1, Retrieved from: F SWRCB (California State Water Resources Control Board). 2016a. Sites Identified with Waste Constituents Above Hazardous Waste Levels Outside the Waste Management Unit. Accessed: July 1, Retrieved from: b. List of Active CDO and CAO. Accessed: July 1, Retrieved from: UCMP (University of California Museum of Paleontology) University of California Museum of Paleontology. Accessed: May 27, Retrieved from: USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) Ground-level Ozone Standards Region 9 Final Designations. April. Accessed: 27 May Retrieved from: Green Book of Nonattainment Areas. April 22. Accessed 27 May, Retrieved from: WRCC (Western Regional Climate Center) Santa Monica Pier, California (047953) Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary. Accessed June 17, Retrieved from: July 2016 Page 76 of 76

82 Appendix 1 CalEEEMod Calculations

83 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 1 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 1.0 Project Characteristics 1.1 Land Usage Santa Monica SWIP South Coast AQMD Air District, Winter Land Uses Size Metric Lot Acreage Floor Surface Area Population Other Non-Asphalt Surfaces sqft Unenclosed Parking Structure sqft , Other Non-Asphalt Surfaces sqft , Other Project Characteristics Urbanization Urban Wind Speed (m/s) 2.2 Precipitation Freq (Days) 31 Climate Zone 8 Operational Year 2020 Utility Company Southern California Edison CO2 Intensity (lb/mwhr) CH4 Intensity (lb/mwhr) N2O Intensity (lb/mwhr) User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data

84 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 2 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM Project Characteristics - Land Use - Element 2 assumed to be parking structure to account for concrete in treatment facility. Square footage for Element 3 = 23,260 SF Element 2 (plus Element 3 Civic Center Tank) = 24,750 SF Construction Phase - assume all three stages start at same time. Durations estimated to account for total Element durations given by City; 10 days for Element 1, 520 days for Element 2, and 401 days for Element 3. Off-road Equipment - equipmnet per city provided 7/1/16. Off-road Equipment - equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Element 2 plus Civic Center tank portion of Element 3 Off-road Equipment - equipment list per City 7/1/16. Equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Off-road Equipment - equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Off-road Equipment - equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Off-road Equipment - equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Off-road Equipment - equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Grading - acres disturbed per City provided site plans. Element 2 totals and area includes Civic Center portion of Element 3. Trips and VMT - exported soils hauled to City Maintenance yard at 2500 Michigan Street Construction Off-road Equipment Mitigation - Table Name Column Name Default Value New Value tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 5/15/2019 1/12/2018 tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 3/26/2018 7/15/2019 tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 11/18/ /13/2019 tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 8/13/2019 8/9/2019 tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 12/11/2020 5/3/2019

85 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 3 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 5/4/2019 1/3/2018 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 1/13/2018 5/6/2019 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 7/16/2019 8/12/2019 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 1/3/2018 1/1/2018 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 8/10/2019 1/1/2018 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 12/14/ /16/2019 tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount

86 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 4 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 1 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 2 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Grading Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Grading Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Grading Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Grading Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Grading Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 1 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 2 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Paving Element 2 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 2 tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours

87 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 5 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM tblprojectcharacteristics OperationalYear tbltripsandvmt HaulingTripLength tbltripsandvmt HaulingTripLength Emissions Summary

88 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 6 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 2.1 Overall Construction (Maximum Daily Emission) Unmitigated Construction Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Year lb/day lb/day , , , , , , , , , Mitigated Construction Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Year lb/day lb/day , , , , , , , , , Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e Percent Reduction

89 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 8 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.0 Construction Detail Construction Phase Phase Number Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Num Days Week Num Days Phase Description 1 Grading Element 1 Grading 1/1/2018 1/2/ Grading Element 2 Grading 1/1/2018 8/9/ Grading Element 3 Grading 1/1/2018 5/3/ Building Construction Element 1 Building Construction 1/3/2018 1/12/ Building Construction Element 3 Building Construction 5/6/2019 7/15/ Building Construction Element 2 Building Construction 8/12/ /13/ Paving Element 2 Paving 12/16/ /27/ Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 0 Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 0 Acres of Paving: 0 Residential Indoor: 0; Residential Outdoor: 0; Non-Residential Indoor: 0; Non-Residential Outdoor: 0 (Architectural Coating sqft) OffRoad Equipment Phase Name Offroad Equipment Type Amount Usage Hours Horse Power Load Factor Grading Element 1 Bore/Drill Rigs Grading Element 1 Off-Highway Trucks Grading Element 2 Dumpers/Tenders Grading Element 2 Excavators

90 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 9 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM Grading Element 2 Forklifts Grading Element 2 Generator Sets Grading Element 2 Off-Highway Trucks Grading Element 2 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Grading Element 3 Dumpers/Tenders Grading Element 3 Excavators Grading Element 3 Forklifts Grading Element 3 Generator Sets Grading Element 3 Off-Highway Trucks Grading Element 3 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Building Construction Element 1 Cement and Mortar Mixers Building Construction Element 1 Cranes Building Construction Element 1 Off-Highway Trucks Building Construction Element 1 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Building Construction Element 3 Cranes Building Construction Element 3 Forklifts Building Construction Element 3 Generator Sets Building Construction Element 3 Rollers Building Construction Element 2 Cement and Mortar Mixers Building Construction Element 2 Cranes Building Construction Element 2 Forklifts Building Construction Element 2 Generator Sets Building Construction Element 2 Off-Highway Trucks Building Construction Element 2 Rollers Paving Element 2 Off-Highway Trucks Paving Element 2 Rollers Trips and VMT

91 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 10 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM Phase Name Offroad Equipment Count Worker Trip Number Vendor Trip Number Hauling Trip Number Worker Trip Length Vendor Trip Length Hauling Trip Length Worker Vehicle Class Vendor Vehicle Class Hauling Vehicle Class Building Construction LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Element 2 Building Construction LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Element 3 Building Construction LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Element 1 Grading Element , LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Grading Element LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Grading Element , LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Paving Element LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT 3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction Water Exposed Area Clean Paved Roads 3.2 Grading Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust Off-Road , , , , , ,

92 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 11 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.2 Grading Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust Off-Road , , , , , ,

93 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 12 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.2 Grading Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e Grading Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e

94 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 13 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.3 Grading Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e

95 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 14 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.3 Grading Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e Grading Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e

96 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 15 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.3 Grading Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e

97 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 16 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.3 Grading Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e Grading Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e

98 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 17 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.4 Grading Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling e e e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e

99 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 18 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.4 Grading Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling e e e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e Grading Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e

100 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 19 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.4 Grading Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e

101 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 20 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.4 Grading Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e Building Construction Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Off-Road , , , , , ,

102 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 21 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.5 Building Construction Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor e e e e Worker e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Off-Road , , , , , ,

103 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 22 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.5 Building Construction Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor e e e e Worker e e e e Building Construction Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Off-Road e e

104 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 23 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.6 Building Construction Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor e e e e Worker e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Off-Road e e

105 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 24 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.6 Building Construction Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor e e e e Worker e e e e e Building Construction Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Off-Road e e

106 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 25 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.7 Building Construction Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor e e e e Worker e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Off-Road e e

107 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 26 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.7 Building Construction Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor e e e e Worker e e e e e Paving Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Off-Road e Paving e

108 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 27 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.8 Paving Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Off-Road e Paving e

109 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 28 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.8 Paving Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e

110 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 1 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 1.0 Project Characteristics 1.1 Land Usage Santa Monica SWIP South Coast AQMD Air District, Summer Land Uses Size Metric Lot Acreage Floor Surface Area Population Other Non-Asphalt Surfaces sqft Unenclosed Parking Structure sqft , Other Non-Asphalt Surfaces sqft , Other Project Characteristics Urbanization Urban Wind Speed (m/s) 2.2 Precipitation Freq (Days) 31 Climate Zone 8 Operational Year 2020 Utility Company Southern California Edison CO2 Intensity (lb/mwhr) CH4 Intensity (lb/mwhr) N2O Intensity (lb/mwhr) User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data

111 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 2 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM Project Characteristics - Land Use - Element 2 assumed to be parking structure to account for concrete in treatment facility. Square footage for Element 3 = 23,260 SF Element 2 (plus Element 3 Civic Center Tank) = 24,750 SF Construction Phase - assume all three stages start at same time. Durations estimated to account for total Element durations given by City; 10 days for Element 1, 520 days for Element 2, and 401 days for Element 3. Off-road Equipment - equipmnet per city provided 7/1/16. Off-road Equipment - equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Element 2 plus Civic Center tank portion of Element 3 Off-road Equipment - equipment list per City 7/1/16. Equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Off-road Equipment - equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Off-road Equipment - equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Off-road Equipment - equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Off-road Equipment - equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Grading - acres disturbed per City provided site plans. Element 2 totals and area includes Civic Center portion of Element 3. Trips and VMT - exported soils hauled to City Maintenance yard at 2500 Michigan Street Construction Off-road Equipment Mitigation - Table Name Column Name Default Value New Value tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 5/15/2019 1/12/2018 tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 3/26/2018 7/15/2019 tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 11/18/ /13/2019 tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 8/13/2019 8/9/2019 tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 12/11/2020 5/3/2019

112 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 3 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 5/4/2019 1/3/2018 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 1/13/2018 5/6/2019 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 7/16/2019 8/12/2019 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 1/3/2018 1/1/2018 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 8/10/2019 1/1/2018 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 12/14/ /16/2019 tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount

113 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 4 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 1 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 2 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Grading Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Grading Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Grading Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Grading Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Grading Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 1 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 2 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Paving Element 2 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 2 tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours

114 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 5 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM tblprojectcharacteristics OperationalYear tbltripsandvmt HaulingTripLength tbltripsandvmt HaulingTripLength Emissions Summary

115 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 6 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 2.1 Overall Construction (Maximum Daily Emission) Unmitigated Construction Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Year lb/day lb/day , , , , , , , , , Mitigated Construction Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Year lb/day lb/day , , , , , , , , , Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e Percent Reduction

116 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 8 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.0 Construction Detail Construction Phase Phase Number Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Num Days Week Num Days Phase Description 1 Grading Element 1 Grading 1/1/2018 1/2/ Grading Element 2 Grading 1/1/2018 8/9/ Grading Element 3 Grading 1/1/2018 5/3/ Building Construction Element 1 Building Construction 1/3/2018 1/12/ Building Construction Element 3 Building Construction 5/6/2019 7/15/ Building Construction Element 2 Building Construction 8/12/ /13/ Paving Element 2 Paving 12/16/ /27/ Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 0 Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 0 Acres of Paving: 0 Residential Indoor: 0; Residential Outdoor: 0; Non-Residential Indoor: 0; Non-Residential Outdoor: 0 (Architectural Coating sqft) OffRoad Equipment Phase Name Offroad Equipment Type Amount Usage Hours Horse Power Load Factor Grading Element 1 Bore/Drill Rigs Grading Element 1 Off-Highway Trucks Grading Element 2 Dumpers/Tenders Grading Element 2 Excavators

117 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 9 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM Grading Element 2 Forklifts Grading Element 2 Generator Sets Grading Element 2 Off-Highway Trucks Grading Element 2 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Grading Element 3 Dumpers/Tenders Grading Element 3 Excavators Grading Element 3 Forklifts Grading Element 3 Generator Sets Grading Element 3 Off-Highway Trucks Grading Element 3 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Building Construction Element 1 Cement and Mortar Mixers Building Construction Element 1 Cranes Building Construction Element 1 Off-Highway Trucks Building Construction Element 1 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Building Construction Element 3 Cranes Building Construction Element 3 Forklifts Building Construction Element 3 Generator Sets Building Construction Element 3 Rollers Building Construction Element 2 Cement and Mortar Mixers Building Construction Element 2 Cranes Building Construction Element 2 Forklifts Building Construction Element 2 Generator Sets Building Construction Element 2 Off-Highway Trucks Building Construction Element 2 Rollers Paving Element 2 Off-Highway Trucks Paving Element 2 Rollers Trips and VMT

118 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 10 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM Phase Name Offroad Equipment Count Worker Trip Number Vendor Trip Number Hauling Trip Number Worker Trip Length Vendor Trip Length Hauling Trip Length Worker Vehicle Class Vendor Vehicle Class Hauling Vehicle Class Building Construction LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Element 2 Building Construction LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Element 3 Building Construction LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Element 1 Grading Element , LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Grading Element LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Grading Element , LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Paving Element LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT 3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction Water Exposed Area Clean Paved Roads 3.2 Grading Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust Off-Road , , , , , ,

119 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 11 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.2 Grading Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust Off-Road , , , , , ,

120 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 12 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.2 Grading Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e Grading Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e

121 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 13 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.3 Grading Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e

122 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 14 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.3 Grading Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e Grading Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e

123 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 15 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.3 Grading Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e

124 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 16 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.3 Grading Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e Grading Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e

125 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 17 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.4 Grading Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling e e e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e

126 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 18 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.4 Grading Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling e e e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e Grading Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e

127 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 19 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.4 Grading Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e

128 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 20 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.4 Grading Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e Building Construction Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Off-Road , , , , , ,

129 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 21 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.5 Building Construction Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor e e e e Worker e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Off-Road , , , , , ,

130 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 22 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.5 Building Construction Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor e e e e Worker e e e e Building Construction Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Off-Road e e

131 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 23 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.6 Building Construction Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor e e e e Worker e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Off-Road e e

132 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 24 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.6 Building Construction Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor e e e e Worker e e e e e e Building Construction Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Off-Road e e

133 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 25 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.7 Building Construction Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor e e e e Worker e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Off-Road e e

134 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 26 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.7 Building Construction Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor e e e e Worker e e e e e e Paving Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Off-Road e Paving e

135 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 27 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.8 Paving Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Off-Road e Paving e

136 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 28 of 33 Date: 7/5/2016 4:37 PM 3.8 Paving Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category lb/day lb/day Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e

137 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 1 of 38 Date: 7/5/2016 4:38 PM 1.0 Project Characteristics 1.1 Land Usage Santa Monica SWIP South Coast AQMD Air District, Annual Land Uses Size Metric Lot Acreage Floor Surface Area Population Other Non-Asphalt Surfaces sqft Unenclosed Parking Structure sqft , Other Non-Asphalt Surfaces sqft , Other Project Characteristics Urbanization Urban Wind Speed (m/s) 2.2 Precipitation Freq (Days) 31 Climate Zone 8 Operational Year 2020 Utility Company Southern California Edison CO2 Intensity (lb/mwhr) CH4 Intensity (lb/mwhr) N2O Intensity (lb/mwhr) User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data

138 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 2 of 38 Date: 7/5/2016 4:38 PM Project Characteristics - Land Use - Element 2 assumed to be parking structure to account for concrete in treatment facility. Square footage for Element 3 = 23,260 SF Element 2 (plus Element 3 Civic Center Tank) = 24,750 SF Construction Phase - assume all three stages start at same time. Durations estimated to account for total Element durations given by City; 10 days for Element 1, 520 days for Element 2, and 401 days for Element 3. Off-road Equipment - equipmnet per city provided 7/1/16. Off-road Equipment - equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Element 2 plus Civic Center tank portion of Element 3 Off-road Equipment - equipment list per City 7/1/16. Equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Off-road Equipment - equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Off-road Equipment - equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Off-road Equipment - equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Off-road Equipment - equipment hours averaged over duration of phase to get the total estimated equipment hours provided by the City. Grading - acres disturbed per City provided site plans. Element 2 totals and area includes Civic Center portion of Element 3. Trips and VMT - exported soils hauled to City Maintenance yard at 2500 Michigan Street Construction Off-road Equipment Mitigation - Table Name Column Name Default Value New Value tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase NumDays tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 5/15/2019 1/12/2018 tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 3/26/2018 7/15/2019 tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 11/18/ /13/2019 tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 8/13/2019 8/9/2019 tblconstructionphase PhaseEndDate 12/11/2020 5/3/2019

139 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 3 of 38 Date: 7/5/2016 4:38 PM tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 5/4/2019 1/3/2018 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 1/13/2018 5/6/2019 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 7/16/2019 8/12/2019 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 1/3/2018 1/1/2018 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 8/10/2019 1/1/2018 tblconstructionphase PhaseStartDate 12/14/ /16/2019 tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment HorsePower tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment LoadFactor tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount

140 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 4 of 38 Date: 7/5/2016 4:38 PM tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment OffRoadEquipmentUnitAmount tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 1 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 2 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Grading Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Grading Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Grading Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Grading Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Grading Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 1 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 2 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Paving Element 2 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 3 tbloffroadequipment PhaseName Building Construction Element 2 tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours tbloffroadequipment UsageHours

141 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 5 of 38 Date: 7/5/2016 4:38 PM tblprojectcharacteristics OperationalYear tbltripsandvmt HaulingTripLength tbltripsandvmt HaulingTripLength Emissions Summary

142 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 6 of 38 Date: 7/5/2016 4:38 PM 2.1 Overall Construction Unmitigated Construction Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Year tons/yr MT/yr e e e e e Mitigated Construction Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Year tons/yr MT/yr e e e e e Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e Percent Reduction

143 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 9 of 38 Date: 7/5/2016 4:38 PM Phase Number Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Num Days Week Num Days Phase Description 1 Grading Element 1 Grading 1/1/2018 1/2/ Grading Element 2 Grading 1/1/2018 8/9/ Grading Element 3 Grading 1/1/2018 5/3/ Building Construction Element 1 Building Construction 1/3/2018 1/12/ Building Construction Element 3 Building Construction 5/6/2019 7/15/ Building Construction Element 2 Building Construction 8/12/ /13/ Paving Element 2 Paving 12/16/ /27/ Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 0 Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 0 Acres of Paving: 0 Residential Indoor: 0; Residential Outdoor: 0; Non-Residential Indoor: 0; Non-Residential Outdoor: 0 (Architectural Coating sqft) OffRoad Equipment Phase Name Offroad Equipment Type Amount Usage Hours Horse Power Load Factor Grading Element 1 Bore/Drill Rigs Grading Element 1 Off-Highway Trucks Grading Element 2 Dumpers/Tenders Grading Element 2 Excavators Grading Element 2 Forklifts Grading Element 2 Generator Sets Grading Element 2 Off-Highway Trucks Grading Element 2 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Grading Element 3 Dumpers/Tenders Grading Element 3 Excavators Grading Element 3 Forklifts

144 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 10 of 38 Date: 7/5/2016 4:38 PM Grading Element 3 Generator Sets Grading Element 3 Off-Highway Trucks Grading Element 3 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Building Construction Element 1 Cement and Mortar Mixers Building Construction Element 1 Cranes Building Construction Element 1 Off-Highway Trucks Building Construction Element 1 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Building Construction Element 3 Cranes Building Construction Element 3 Forklifts Building Construction Element 3 Generator Sets Building Construction Element 3 Rollers Building Construction Element 2 Cement and Mortar Mixers Building Construction Element 2 Cranes Building Construction Element 2 Forklifts Building Construction Element 2 Generator Sets Building Construction Element 2 Off-Highway Trucks Building Construction Element 2 Rollers Paving Element 2 Off-Highway Trucks Paving Element 2 Rollers Trips and VMT

145 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 11 of 38 Date: 7/5/2016 4:38 PM Phase Name Offroad Equipment Count Worker Trip Number Vendor Trip Number Hauling Trip Number Worker Trip Length Vendor Trip Length Hauling Trip Length Worker Vehicle Class Vendor Vehicle Class Hauling Vehicle Class Building Construction LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Element 2 Building Construction LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Element 3 Building Construction LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Element 1 Grading Element , LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Grading Element LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Grading Element , LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Paving Element LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT 3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction Water Exposed Area Clean Paved Roads 3.2 Grading Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

146 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 12 of 38 Date: 7/5/2016 4:38 PM 3.2 Grading Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

147 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 13 of 38 Date: 7/5/2016 4:38 PM 3.2 Grading Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Grading Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

148 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 14 of 38 Date: 7/5/2016 4:38 PM 3.3 Grading Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling e e e e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

149 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 15 of 38 Date: 7/5/2016 4:38 PM 3.3 Grading Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling e e e e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e Grading Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

150 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 16 of 38 Date: 7/5/2016 4:38 PM 3.3 Grading Element Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling e e e e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e Mitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

151 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod Page 17 of 38 Date: 7/5/2016 4:38 PM 3.3 Grading Element Mitigated Construction Off-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Hauling e e e e e e e e e Vendor Worker e e e e e e e e Grading Element Unmitigated Construction On-Site Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e Category tons/yr MT/yr Dust e e e e Off-Road e e e e e e e e e e e e e e

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164 Appendix 2 Biological Resources Review

165 June 2, 2016 Mr. Tom Watson Community Development Department 1685 Main Street, Room 212 PO Box 2200 Santa Monica, CA Re: Biological Resources Review for the Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project (SWIP), Santa Monica, California Dear Mr. Watson, This letter report summarizes the results of a biological resources review conducted by Amec Foster Wheeler (Amec) for the subject Project and associated study area. The purpose of this work is to evaluate biological resources within the study area and potential project-related impacts that may result from implementation and construction of the Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project (SWIP) (Project) within the City of Santa Monica. Project Location and Description The SWIP is comprised of three integrated project elements to improve drought resiliency, increase water supply, and enhance flexibility in the management of the City s water resources. The proposed Project would involve installation of a containerized reverse osmosis unit at the Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling Facility (SMURRF) and a shallow groundwater well at the City s Beach Maintenance Yard, constructing a below grade municipal wastewater treatment facility, and installing two below grade stormwater harvest tanks, as described herein. Project Element 1 is the installation of a containerized, off-the-shelf saline reverse osmosis unit at the SMURRF on an existing concrete pad. No excavation or soil disturbance would be required for this activity. The proposed well would be 8 inches in diameter and installed under Los Angeles County permit. When operational, the reverse osmosis unit would be utilized to advance treat non-potable water resources, such as urban and wet weather runoff harvested by the recently funded Clean Beaches Initiative Project storage tanks to be constructed at the Deauville Parking Lot. These tanks would capture runoff from the 90-acre Pier Drainage Area that would normally be discharged to the ocean at the Pier Outfall. When runoff is scarce, the tanks would be replenished with brackish/saline groundwater from a proposed shallow groundwater well located at the Beach Maintenance Yard. Amec Foster Wheeler 104 West Anapamu Street, Suite 204A Santa Barbara, CA Tel +1 (805)

166 Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Biological Resources Assessment April 27, 2016 Project Element 2 includes the construction of a below grade recycled water treatment plant beneath the Civic Center parking lot. The recycled water plant would advance treat approximately 1.0 million gallons/day (MGD) of municipal wastewater for reuse. Project elements to be located under the Civic Center Parking lot would be constructed to accommodate future development on the site. Project Element 3 consists of two below grade stormwater harvest tanks. One tank would be constructed beneath Memorial Park, and the other adjacent to the below grade recycled water treatment facility. Benefits provided by the stormwater harvest tanks include capturing stormwater and urban runoff for treatment and reuse, improving beach water quality and complying with State Water Board Enhanced Watershed Management Plan (EWMP) requirements. Together, the Project Elements would produce approximately 1.5 MGD (1,680 acre-feet/year) of new water for immediate nonpotable reuse and, when properly permitted, for indirect potable reuse via aquifer recharge. All treated water would be distributed via the City s existing recycled water system. The three combined Project Elements comprise the biological resources study area. Methods For the biological resources review, Amec conducted a search of available electronic databases of sensitive species localities, including the California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB 2016), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Amec in-house data (unpublished data), and California Native Plant Society (CNPS 2016). Previous surveys of projects that encompassed the study area or portions thereof were also referenced (Natural Environment Study for the Santa Monica Pier Bridge Replacement Project, prepared in 2016). An assessment of the study area location in relation to the known range of sensitive species of the region was conducted, focusing on the habitat resources available onsite. The purpose was to identify sensitive species known to occur in the region and assess their potential for occurrence in the study area. Those species with no potential to occur in the study area based on the habitat assessment and background review were discounted and are not discussed in this report. A review of Project maps and aerial photos was conducted to assess the conditions and vegetation communities on the site. Results Vegetation Communities and Habitats The Project site consists entirely of developed and landscaped areas located within an urban city setting. Project Element 1 will be constructed at an existing water recycling facility, Project Element 2 will be constructed under a paved parking lot, and Project Element 3 will be constructed at an existing facility and under the maintained turf of a recreational park. Given the developed nature of the study area, habitat opportunities for sensitive species that occur in the region are limited. Mature ornamental trees and mowed grass/turf are the only vegetation types present within the non-paved portions of the study area. Species likely to be found in developed/landscaped areas onsite include common species that coexist with human activities such as American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia Page 2

167 Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Biological Resources Assessment April 27, 2016 leucophrys), mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), rock dove (domestic pigeon; Columba livia), killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), and house sparrow (Zonotrichia querula). Common gull species found in Los Angeles County include the Western Gull (Larus occidentalis); California Gull (Larus californicus); Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis); Heerman s Gull (Larus heermanni); and Bonaparte s Gull (Chroicocephalus Philadelphia). Less common visitors include Glaucous-winged Gull (Larus glaucescens) and Common (Mew) Gull (Larus canus). No sensitive natural communities as defined by California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) occur within the study area. Wetlands and waters regulated by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Regional Water Quality Control Board under the Clean Water Act ( 404 and 401, respectively) and CDFW under Fish and Game Code 1602, are absent from the proposed Project work areas. Special-Status Species The literature review and database search did identify a number of sensitive species known from the region. However, suitable habitat and conditions for the majority of these species do not occur on site or in the study area. Given the absence of these habitats on site or immediately adjacent to the site, sensitive species occurring in the region that rely on coastal sage scrub (i.e. California gnatcatcher, pacific pocket mouse), coastal salt marsh (i.e. salt marsh bird s-beak), coastal waters (i.e. steelhead), freshwater/brackish marsh (i.e. western pond turtle, black rail), vernal pool, or playa/coastal dune habitats (i.e. least tern, snowy plover, El Segundo blue butterfly) do not occur on site. Based on the types of vegetation present, the only special-status species with potential to occur on site and in the study area are nesting birds and roosting bats. Nesting Birds - All birds with the exception of European starlings, English house sparrows, rock doves (pigeons), and non-migratory game birds such as quail, pheasant, and grouse, are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA). However, non-migratory game birds are protected under California Fish and Game Code Section 3503 prohibits unlawful take, possession or needless destruction of the nest or eggs of any bird. As described above, the site(s) are highly urbanized and the Civic Center Parking Lot is paved. Therefore, the preferred natural habitat for games birds does not exist at the project site(s). Ornamental trees surrounding Memorial Park, existing facilities, and parking lot may provide potential nesting habitat for birds. Because the park is regularly mowed and maintained the potential for some bird species (e.g. killdeer, mourning dove) to nest on the grass/turf of the park or ball field is de minimis. Structures associated with existing facilities may also provide nesting habitat. However, the existing SMURRF, which is the location of SWIP Element 1, is an active water treatment plant. As such, City staff monitors for the presence of bird activity in order to minimize the potential of e-coli and other pathogens in treated water. The City has no report of bird nesting activity at the SMURRF. At the Memorial Park and Civic Center Parking Lot sites (SWIP Elements 2 & 3), there are no structures in the areas designated for construction. Urban-tolerant raptor species, such as red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus), and Cooper s hawk (Accipiter cooperii), have a potential to nest on site. Several other raptor species, including sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter striatus) and merlin (Falco Page 3

168 Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Biological Resources Assessment April 27, 2016 columbarius), could potentially temporarily forage at the site during the winter or pass over in migration, but these are uncommon winter visitors that do not nest in the region. Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) is California Species of Special Concern that has become uncommon in the urban portions of southern California, but still persists at scattered locations in less developed areas. It generally occurs in open habitats, often where species such as California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi) are present, creating precursor burrows for the owls. Open habitat occurs at Memorial Park and California ground squirrel may be present; however, because of the surrounding urbanization, frequent mowing and maintenance and the lack of recorded adjacent colonies, the occurrence of burrowing owl or ground squirrel on the project is likely de minimis. Roosting Bats - California bats and bats in general are threatened by habitat destruction, especially since a wide variety of habitats are needed for different behaviors (roosting, foraging, drinking, hibernating, etc.). Many bat species roost in groups and use mature trees, snags, crevices and man-made structures for roosting, either for winter roosting (hibernacula) or for forming summer nursery colonies. Some bats will roost in man-made structures such as the undersides of bridges and vacant buildings. Protecting established roost sites is of particular importance to the conservation of bats, and management of these sites is receiving increasing attention from the CDFW. Bats that are not protected under federal or state endangered species acts or other permitting processes (i.e. CDFW 1602 agreements) receive consideration under CEQA. Four special-status bat species were considered to have at least some potential to occur within the study area based on the CNDDB search results including - Pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) and western mastiff bat (Eumops perotis californicus), both California Species of Special Concern; Hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) and silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), both species tracked by the CNDDB. Ornamental trees surrounding the park, existing facilities, and parking lot provide potential roost habitat for bats. However, as stated above, there are no structures within the designated construction areas at Memorial Park or the Civic Center Parking Lot. City staff monitors for the presence of bats at the SMURRF which are a potential source of pathogens in the treated water produced by the facility. There are no reports of bats roosting at the SMURRF. Conclusions and Recommendations Tree removal is not proposed as part of the Project; however, equipment will be staged and working immediately adjacent to numerous mature trees. This could result in disturbance to adjacent bird nest or bat roost sites. A pre-construction survey for nesting birds is recommended prior to work occurring within the nest season (January 15 - August 31). A survey for potentially occurring roosting bats is also recommended. These surveys shall be conducted by a qualified biologist within 14 days prior to the start of construction staging or ground disturbance and reinitiated as needed after periods of inactivity at each Project Element site. If nesting birds or bats are found, a non-disturbance buffer zone shall be implemented with input from the qualified biologist. Buffer zones shall be clearly marked with exclusion fencing/staking Page 4

169 Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Biological Resources Assessment April 27, 2016 and signage. Biological monitoring is also recommended if active nests or roosting bats are found to regularly assess their status and condition. Given the urban setting and the high baseline disturbance level, buffer zones can likely be focused to a limited area and, therefore, a specific distance is not provided. Nesting raptors (i.e. red-tailed hawk) typically warrant a larger zone than nesting passerines (i.e. mourning dove). If, based on the survey, buffers are determined to be necessary, they can be adjusted based on work activities, monitoring results (i.e. reaction of the animals), and the biologist s judgment. They shall be maintained until work has ceased in the identified area or the birds/bats are done nesting/roosting, as confirmed by the biologist. If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact me at (858) Respectfully submitted, Angie Harbin-Ireland Senior Biologist Amec Foster Wheeler Page 5

170 Appendix 3 CNDDB Summary Table

171 Draft EIR Downtown Specific Plan G-1 City of Santa Monica Name (Scientific/Common) Aglaothorax longipennis Santa Monica shieldback katydid Antrozous pallidus pallid bat Aspidoscelis tigris stejnegeri coastal whiptail Astragalus brauntonii Braunton's milk-vetch Astragalus pycnostachyus var. lanosissimus Ventura Marsh milk-vetch Astragalus tener var. titi coastal dunes milk-vetch Athene cunicularia burrowing owl Atriplex parishii Parish's brittlescale Brennania belkini Belkin's dune tabanid fly California Walnut Woodland California Walnut Woodland Calochortus clavatus var. gracilis slender mariposa-lily Calochortus plummerae Plummer's mariposa-lily CNDDB Ranks G1G2 S1S2 G5 S3 G5T3T4 S2S3 G2 S2 G2T1 S1 G1T1 S1 G4 S2 G1G2 S1 G1G2 S1S2 G2 S2.1 G4T2 S2 G4 S4 Listing Status (Fed/State) None None None None None None Endangered None Endangered Endangered Endangered Endangered None None None None None None None None None None None None Summary Table Report California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Natural Diversity Database Other Lists IUCN_CR-Critically Endangered BLM_S-Sensitive CDFW_SSC-Species of Special Concern IUCN_LC-Least Concern USFS_S-Sensitive WBWG_H-High Priority Rare Plant Rank - 1B.1 USFS_S-Sensitive Elev. Element Occ. Ranks Population Status Presence Range (ft.) ,335 1, ,700 Rare Plant Rank - 1B.1 5 Rare Plant Rank - 1B.1 25 BLM_S-Sensitive CDFW_SSC-Species of Special Concern IUCN_LC-Least Concern USFWS_BCC-Birds of Conservation Concern Rare Plant Rank - 1B.1 USFS_S-Sensitive IUCN_VU-Vulnerable 10 Rare Plant Rank - 1B.2 USFS_S-Sensitive Rare Plant Rank USFS_S-Sensitive 100 1,500 1, ,050 EO's A B C D X U 1 S:1 402 S:1 112 S:2 34 S:8 7 S:2 6 S: S:1 16 S:1 4 S:4 76 S:2 76 S:1 230 S:2 Historic > 20 yr Recent <= 20 yr Extant Poss. Extirp. Extirp Commercial Version -- Dated March, Biogeographic Data Branch Report Printed on Thursday, March 28, 2013 Page 1 of 6 Information Expires 9/5/2013

172 Draft EIR Downtown Specific Plan G-2 City of Santa Monica Name (Scientific/Common) Carolella busckana Busck's gallmoth Centromadia parryi ssp. australis southern tarplant Chaenactis glabriuscula var. orcuttiana Orcutt's pincushion Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus western snowy plover Chenopodium littoreum coastal goosefoot Chloropyron maritimum ssp. maritimum salt marsh bird's-beak Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina San Fernando Valley spineflower Cicindela hirticollis gravida sandy beach tiger beetle Cicindela senilis frosti senile tiger beetle Coelus globosus globose dune beetle Danaus plexippus monarch butterfly Diadophis punctatus modestus San Bernardino ringneck snake Dithyrea maritima beach spectaclepod CNDDB Ranks G1G3 SH G4T2 S2 G5T1 S1 G4T3 S2 G2 S2 G4?T1 S1 G2T1 S1 G5T2 S1 G4T1 S1 G1 S1 G5 S3 G5T2T3 S2? G2 S2.1 Listing Status (Fed/State) None None None None None None Threatened None None None Endangered Endangered Candidate Endangered None None None None None None None None None None None Threatened Summary Table Report California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Natural Diversity Database Other Lists Elev. Element Occ. Ranks Population Status Presence Range (ft.) Rare Plant Rank - 1B Rare Plant Rank - 1B.1 10 ABC_WLBCC-Watch List of Birds of Conservation Concern CDFW_SSC-Species of Special Concern USFWS_BCC-Birds of Conservation Concern EO's A B C D X U 4 S:2 78 S:4 23 S:2 120 S:2 Rare Plant Rank - 1B.2 13 S:1 Rare Plant Rank - 1B.2 10 Rare Plant Rank - 1B.1 USFS_S-Sensitive IUCN_VU-Vulnerable USFS_S-Sensitive 876 Rare Plant Rank - 1B.1 BLM_S-Sensitive S:1 21 S:1 34 S:3 9 S:1 49 S:4 334 S:11 10 S:1 28 S:4 Historic > 20 yr Recent <= 20 yr Extant Poss. Extirp. Extirp Commercial Version -- Dated March, Biogeographic Data Branch Report Printed on Thursday, March 28, 2013 Page 2 of 6 Information Expires 9/5/2013

173 Draft EIR Downtown Specific Plan G-3 City of Santa Monica Name (Scientific/Common) Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia Santa Monica dudleya Emys marmorata western pond turtle Eucosma hennei Henne's eucosman moth Eumops perotis californicus western mastiff bat Euphilotes battoides allyni El Segundo blue butterfly Horkelia cuneata var. puberula mesa horkelia Lasionycteris noctivagans silver-haired bat Lasiurus cinereus hoary bat Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri Coulter's goldfields Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus California black rail CNDDB Ranks G5T1 S1 G3G4 S3 G1 S1 G5T4 S3? G5T1 S1 G4T2 S2.1 G5 S3S4 G5 S4? G4T3 S2.1 G4T1 S1 Listing Status (Fed/State) Threatened None None None None None None None Endangered None None None None None None None None None None Threatened Summary Table Report California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Natural Diversity Database Other Lists Rare Plant Rank - 1B.2 USFS_S-Sensitive BLM_S-Sensitive CDFW_SSC-Species of Special Concern IUCN_VU-Vulnerable USFS_S-Sensitive BLM_S-Sensitive CDFW_SSC-Species of Special Concern WBWG_H-High Priority XERCES_CI-Critically Imperiled Rare Plant Rank - 1B.1 USFS_S-Sensitive IUCN_LC-Least Concern WBWG_M-Medium Priority IUCN_LC-Least Concern WBWG_M-Medium Priority Rare Plant Rank - 1B.1 BLM_S-Sensitive ABC_WLBCC-Watch List of Birds of Conservation Concern BLM_S-Sensitive CDFW_FP-Fully Protected IUCN_NT-Near Threatened USFWS_BCC-Birds of Conservation Concern Elev. Element Occ. Ranks Population Status Presence Range (ft.) , EO's A B C D X U 4 S: S:2 1 S:1 293 S:3 4 S:2 58 S:1 138 S:1 235 S:2 89 S:3 241 S:1 Historic > 20 yr Recent <= 20 yr Extant Poss. Extirp. Extirp Commercial Version -- Dated March, Biogeographic Data Branch Report Printed on Thursday, March 28, 2013 Page 3 of 6 Information Expires 9/5/2013

174 Draft EIR Downtown Specific Plan G-4 City of Santa Monica Name (Scientific/Common) Microtus californicus stephensi south coast marsh vole Monardella hypoleuca ssp. hypoleuca white-veined monardella Nama stenocarpum mud nama Navarretia prostrata prostrate vernal pool navarretia Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus southern steelhead - southern California DPS Onychobaris langei Lange's El Segundo Dune weevil Panoquina errans wandering (=saltmarsh) skipper Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi Belding's savannah sparrow Pelecanus occidentalis californicus California brown pelican Perognathus longimembris pacificus Pacific pocket mouse Phacelia stellaris Brand's star phacelia Phrynosoma blainvillii coast horned lizard Polioptila californica californica coastal California gnatcatcher CNDDB Ranks G5T1T2 S1S2 G4T2T3 S2S3 G4G5 S1S2 G2 S2 G5T2Q S2 G1 S1 G4G5 S1 G5T3 S3 G4T3 S1S2 G5T1 S1 G2? S1 G4G5 S3S4 G3T2 S2 Listing Status (Fed/State) None None None None None None None None Endangered None None None None None None Endangered Delisted Delisted Endangered None Candidate None None None Threatened None Summary Table Report California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Natural Diversity Database Other Lists CDFW_SSC-Species of Special Concern Elev. Element Occ. Ranks Population Status Presence Range (ft.) Rare Plant Rank - 1B Rare Plant Rank EO's A B C D X U 7 S:2 29 S:2 22 S:1 Rare Plant Rank - 1B.1 60 S:1 AFS_EN-Endangered CDFW_SSC-Species of Special Concern IUCN_NT-Near Threatened BLM_S-Sensitive CDFW_FP-Fully Protected CDFW_SSC-Species of Special Concern Rare Plant Rank - 1B BLM_S-Sensitive CDFW_SSC-Species of Special Concern IUCN_LC-Least Concern USFS_S-Sensitive ABC_WLBCC-Watch List of Birds of Conservation Concern CDFW_SSC-Species of Special Concern 100 1,000 1, S:1 1 S:1 14 S:1 36 S:2 19 S:1 13 S:1 10 S:1 677 S:4 804 S:1 Historic > 20 yr Recent <= 20 yr Extant Poss. Extirp. Extirp Commercial Version -- Dated March, Biogeographic Data Branch Report Printed on Thursday, March 28, 2013 Page 4 of 6 Information Expires 9/5/2013

175 Draft EIR Downtown Specific Plan G-5 City of Santa Monica Name (Scientific/Common) Potentilla multijuga Ballona cinquefoil Riparia riparia bank swallow Sidalcea neomexicana Salt Spring checkerbloom Socalchemmis gertschi Gertsch's socalchemmis spider Sorex ornatus salicornicus southern California saltmarsh shrew Southern Coast Live Oak Riparian Forest Southern Coast Live Oak Riparian Forest Southern Coastal Salt Marsh Southern Coastal Salt Marsh Southern Dune Scrub Southern Dune Scrub Southern Sycamore Alder Riparian Woodland Southern Sycamore Alder Riparian Woodland Sternula antillarum browni California least tern Thamnophis hammondii two-striped garter snake Trigonoscuta dorothea dorothea Dorothy's El Segundo Dune weevil CNDDB Ranks GX SX G5 S2S3 G4? S2S3 G1 S1 G5T1? S1 G4 S4 G2 S2.1 G1 S1.1 G4 S4 G4T2T3Q S2S3 G3 S2 G1T1 S1 Listing Status (Fed/State) None None None Threatened None None None None None None None None None None None None None None Endangered Endangered None None None None Summary Table Report California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Natural Diversity Database Other Lists Elev. Element Occ. Ranks Population Status Presence Range (ft.) Rare Plant Rank - 1A 5 BLM_S-Sensitive IUCN_LC-Least Concern Rare Plant Rank CDFW_SSC-Species of Special Concern ABC_WLBCC-Watch List of Birds of Conservation Concern CDFW_FP-Fully Protected BLM_S-Sensitive CDFW_SSC-Species of Special Concern IUCN_LC-Least Concern USFS_S-Sensitive ,300 1, , , EO's A B C D X U 1 S:1 282 S:1 15 S:1 3 S:2 4 S:1 246 S:1 24 S:1 10 S:1 230 S:9 67 S:3 143 S:2 4 S:2 Historic > 20 yr Recent <= 20 yr Extant Poss. Extirp. Extirp Commercial Version -- Dated March, Biogeographic Data Branch Report Printed on Thursday, March 28, 2013 Page 5 of 6 Information Expires 9/5/2013

176 Draft EIR Downtown Specific Plan G-6 City of Santa Monica Name (Scientific/Common) Tryonia imitator mimic tryonia (=California brackishwater snail) CNDDB Ranks G2G3 S2S3 Listing Status (Fed/State) None None Summary Table Report California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Natural Diversity Database Other Lists IUCN_DD-Data Deficient Elev. Element Occ. Ranks Population Status Presence Range (ft.) EO's A B C D X U 39 S:1 Historic > 20 yr Recent <= 20 yr Extant Poss. Extirp. Extirp Commercial Version -- Dated March, Biogeographic Data Branch Report Printed on Thursday, March 28, 2013 Page 6 of 6 Information Expires 9/5/2013

177 Appendix 4 Critical Habitat Historical Range

178 Service Layer Credits: Copyright: 2013 National Geographic Society, i-cubed q SWIP Element 1!.!.!. SWIP Element 3 SWIP Element 2 Legend!. SWIP Element 1!. SWIP Element 2!. SWIP Element 3 Critical Habitat Historical Range Least Bell's vireo Western snowy plover Critical Habitat Western snowy plover Critical Habitat Historical Range: California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Interagency Wildlife Task Group Critical Habitat: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System SCALE1:250, Miles 20,000 10, ,000 40,000 Feet Path: Q:\CulturalResources\SantaMonica\MXD\ReportFigures\CriticalHabitat.mxd, aaron.johnson 6/20/2016

179 Appendix 5 Section 106 Findings

180 June 30, 2016 Rincon Project No Rachel Kwok Environmental Planner City Planning 1685 Main Street, Room 212 PO Box 2200 Santa Monica, CA Subject: Section 106 Findings for the Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project, Santa Monica, Los Angeles County, California This letter presents the historic properties findings for the Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project ( project ), located in the City of Santa Monica, Los Angeles County, California. The project includes improvements to three existing facilities to upgrade the City s water treatment capabilities. Rincon Consultants, Inc. (Rincon) prepared this letter in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) in support of the environmental analysis being conducted by the City of Santa Monica for the proposed improvements. The purpose of this letter is to present the results of the previously prepared Cultural Resources Technical Report and apply the findings in accordance with the requirements of Section 106 and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). This letter was prepared by Cultural Resources Principal Investigator Christopher Duran, M.A., RPA, who meets the Secretary of the Interior s Professional Qualification Standards (PQS) for historic and prehistoric archaeology (National Park Service 1983), and Architectural Historian Shannon Carmack, B.A. who meets the Secretary of the Interior s PQS for architectural history and history. Rincon Principal Joe Power, AICP CEP, reviewed this letter for quality control. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The proposed project will consist of three separate project elements (Element 1, 2, and 3), located on separate, discontiguous parcels within the City of Santa Monica. Each of these parcels contains existing water treatment elements that are currently in operation (Attachment A, Figure 1). Element 1: Element 1 includes three separate parcels located to the north and northwest of the Santa Monica Pier. Element 1A is a roughly 0.5-acre parcel located on the north east corner of Appian Way and Colorado Avenue that is currently in use as the Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling Facility (SMURRF). The SMURRF is elevated above Appian Way, and constructed against the slope of Pacific Coast Highway, which is situated directly northeast E n v i r o n m e n t a l S c i e n t i s t s P l a n n e r s E n g i n e e r s

181 Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Cultural Resources Section 106 Findings June 30, 2016 Page 2 of 9 of the SMURRF. Element 1B is a roughly 0.6-acre parcel located to the northwest of the pier between the Ocean Front Walk and Pacific Coast Highway. The site is currently used as the City s Beach Maintenance Yard (BMY). Element 1 will include installation of a reverse osmosis unit, a shallow groundwater extraction well, and several solar panel arrays. The shallow groundwater extraction well will be located at the BMY. In addition to the solar panel arrays situated at the SMURRF in Element 1A, additional solar panel arrays will be installed within an existing parking lot located across the street from the SMURRF, southwest of Appian Way. The Solar Panel Element parcel is approximately 0.5-acre. All three parcels are paved and developed with no visible ground surface. Extant structures on Elements 1A and 1B are modern and associated with ongoing water treatment activities; there are no extant structures on the Solar Panel Element. Element 2: Element 2 is located within the Santa Monica Civic Center parking lot, generally located at 1855 Main Street. The parcel is roughly 6.5 acres located at the southwest corner of Pico Boulevard and 4 th Street. The parcel is paved with asphalt and contains parking spaces, minimal vegetation and a vehicle solar charging station. Element 2 will consist of a belowgrade recycled water treatment facility that will be constructed beneath a parking lot adjacent to the City s existing Civic Center, near the intersection of 4 th Street and Pico Boulevard. City Hall is situated to the west and the Civic Center Auditorium is located to the southwest of Element 2. Element 3: Element 3 includes two separate parcels. Element 3 will comprise a below-grade stormwater harvest tank and a below-grade stormwater collection and holding tank. Element 3A, includes the stormwater collection and holding tank which will be located adjacent to the SWIP Element 2 recycled water treatment facility, within the Santa Monica Civic Center parking lot. Element 3B is located on the site of the Memorial Park, located at 1401 Olympic Boulevard. The park is roughly 9 acres and contains baseball fields, a gymnasium, playground and a skate park. The stormwater harvest tank will be located within the park, near the intersection of 14 th Street and Olympic Boulevard. METHODS/APPROACH Previous Documentation The results of this letter are wholly based on the results of the cultural resources technical report that was recently completed for the proposed undertaking. In June 2016, the cultural resources technical report, City of Santa Monica Proposed Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project (SWIP) Archaeological and Historical Resources Study, Los Angeles County, California, was prepared by Archaeologist Trisha Drennan M.Sc., RPA of AMEC Foster Wheeler, on behalf of the City. Ms. Drennan meets the Secretary of Interiors PQS for prehistoric and historic archaeology. The report included a cultural resources records search from the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC) located at California State University Fullerton, a Sacred Lands File search of the Native American Heritage Commission, Native American consultation letters and the summary report (Drennan 2016). The document was prepared in E n v i r o n m e n t a l S c i e n t i s t s P l a n n e r s E n g i n e e r s

182 Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Cultural Resources Section 106 Findings June 30, 2016 Page 3 of 9 compliance with CEQA and therefore did not include a detailed description of the APE, nor did it include site visits or preparation of historic group consultation letters. Area of Potential Effects 36 CFR (d) of Section 106 defines the APE of an undertaking as the geographic area or areas within which an undertaking may directly or indirectly cause changes in the character or use of historic properties, if any such properties exist. The project APE is located in an unsectioned portion of Township 2 South, Range 15 West of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Beverly Hills, CA 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle (Attachment A, Figure 2). The current undertaking s APE for archaeological and built-environment resources (or direct APE) comprises the three separate project element sites, as described above in the project description. The APE for the current undertaking was limited to the direct project footprint, because the project has no potential to directly or indirectly impact any historic resources within the vicinity of the APE. The areas surrounding the project APEs are developed with residential, commercial and institutional properties, including several properties which are considered historic properties for the purposes of Section 106 and historical resources in accordance with CEQA. The proposed undertaking includes the installation of underground water treatment equipment, construction subterranean water tanks, solar panel arrays and several holding tanks. These activities are very minor construction elements and will not significantly change the existing setting or diminish the historic integrity of any potential resources within the vicinity of the APE. Field Visits Rincon Senior Architectural Historian Shannon Carmack conducted an intensive pedestrian survey of the project APE on Monday June 27, The APE was walked and inspected for cultural resources. All built environment features within the APE and immediate vicinity were inspected and photographed. An archaeological survey was not conducted because the project APE is entirely developed with standing buildings and structures and paved surfaces and landscaping which obstruct any native ground surface. Ms. Carmack documented the fieldwork using field notes and digital photographs which are on file at Rincon s Ventura, California office. Historic Consultation Rincon prepared and mailed letters to the Los Angeles Conservancy, the City of Santa Monica Landmarks Commission, the Santa Monica Conservancy, and the Santa Monica Historical Museum on June 21, FINDINGS Field Survey The APE is occupied by several standing structures, maintenance and water treatment equipment, landscaping and paved surfaces (such as parking lots and sidewalks). At the time of the survey, bare ground visibility was negligible throughout the APE due to onsite E n v i r o n m e n t a l S c i e n t i s t s P l a n n e r s E n g i n e e r s

183 Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Cultural Resources Section 106 Findings June 30, 2016 Page 4 of 9 development, including the SMURRF, BMY, several parking lots and Memorial Park. The project APE is occupied by several buildings and structures all of which are of modern construction and less than 45 years of age. Archaeological Findings Drennan s (2016) City of Santa Monica Proposed Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project (SWIP) Archaeological and Historical Resources Study, Los Angeles County, California includes a discussion of cultural resources, an overview of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), and the methods and results of a cultural resources records search and Native American scoping. The study area for the report consisted of all three Project Elements. However, Element 1 was excluded from the records search because it will not include any excavation or ground disturbance and will be built on an existing concrete pad. The cultural resources records search requested from SCCIC identified a total of 39 previous studies within a 0.5-mile radius of project Elements 2 and 3. Of those studies, one included a portion of Element 3 and was negative for cultural resources. The records search identified five previously recorded resources within the search area, none of which were located within either project element. Of the resources recorded within the project vicinity, three are isolated historical archaeological resources. Drennan states that given the results of the previous studies, the project vicinity has potential to be archaeologically sensitive due to historic use of the region. Drennan recommends that archaeological monitoring take place within 50 feet of two previously recorded built-environment resources and associated trash scatters, CA-LAN H and CA-LAN-803H. However, Rincon finds that because those resources and associated refuse deposits are recorded more than 50 feet from the project APE, no archaeological monitoring is necessary. Table 1. Archaeological Resources Resource Name Level of Historic Significance Relationship to APE CA-LAN H CA-LAN-803H Insufficient information Insufficient information Located 2251 feet to the southeast of Element 2 Located 2589 feet to the northeast of Element 3 Built Environment Findings The cultural resources records search notes the location of several built environment resources within the vicinity of the APE (Drennan 2016; Table 2). The Santa Monica Looff Hippodrome, also known as the Santa Monica Amusement Pier Carousel Building, is located at 176 Santa Monica Pier, approximately 740 feet to the southeast of Element 1B, 250 feet to the southwest of Element 1A and 140 feet southwest of the Solar Panels. The Santa Monica Looff Hippodrome is listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) and is a City Landmark. Project Elements 1A, 1B and the Solar Panels are also located near the Santa Monica Pier and the Santa Monica Pier Sign, both of which are designated City Landmarks. The Santa Monica Pier Sign was also determined eligible for listing in the NRHP and is listed in the E n v i r o n m e n t a l S c i e n t i s t s P l a n n e r s E n g i n e e r s

184 Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Cultural Resources Section 106 Findings June 30, 2016 Page 5 of 9 CRHR. Element 1A is approximately 370 feet northeast and Element 1B is 560 feet west of the Santa Monica Pier. The Pier Sign is located approximately 230 feet north of Element 1A and 400 feet northeast of Element 1B. The Solar Element is located 380 feet southeast of the Pier Sign and 240 feet northeast of the Pier. The Santa Monica Courthouse, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium and Santa Monica City Hall are located near Element 2 and 3B. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is located southwest and adjacent to the parking lot where Element 2 and 3B will be constructed. The Santa Monica Courthouse is located northwest and adjacent to the parking lot where Element 2 and 3B will be constructed. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium is a City Landmark and is considered a historical resource under CEQA. The Santa Monica Courthouse was found eligible for listing as a City Landmark and is considered a historical resource under CEQA. The parking lot where project Element 2 and 3B will be constructed is located approximately 1,200 feet southeast of the Santa Monica City Hall. The Santa Monica City Hall is a City Landmark and is listed in the CRHR and was determined eligible for listing in the NRHP. Table 2. Built Environment Resources Resource Name Level of Historic Significance Relationship to APE Santa Monica Looff Hippodrome; Santa Monica Amusement Pier Carousel Building Santa Monica Pier Listed in the NRHP, the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) and is a City Landmark. Considered a historic property for the purposes of Section 106 and a historical resource under CEQA. Determined eligible for listing in the NRHP, is listed in the CRHR and is a City Landmark. Considered a historic property for the purposes of Section 106 and a historical resource under CEQA. Located 740 feet to the southeast of Element 1B Located 250 feet to the southwest of Element 1A. Located 140 feet southwest of Element 1 Solar Panels Located 370 feet northeast of Element 1A Located 560 feet west of and Element 1B Located 140 feet southwest of Element 1 Solar Panels Located 240 feet northeast of Element 1 Solar Panels Santa Monica Pier Sign Determined eligible for listing in the NRHP, is listed in the CRHR and is a City Landmark. Considered a historic property for the purposes of Section 106 and a historical resource under CEQA. Located 230 feet north of Element 1A Located 400 feet northeast of Element 1B. Located 380 feet northwest of Element 1 Solar Panels E n v i r o n m e n t a l S c i e n t i s t s P l a n n e r s E n g i n e e r s

185 Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Cultural Resources Section 106 Findings June 30, 2016 Page 6 of 9 Table 2. Built Environment Resources Resource Name Level of Historic Significance Relationship to APE Santa Monica Civic Auditorium A City Landmark. Considered a historical resource under CEQA. Located adjacent (southwest) to Element 2 and 3B Santa Monica Courthouse Santa Monica City Hall Found eligible for listing as a City Landmark. Considered a historical resource under CEQA. Determined eligible for listing in the NRHP, is listed in the CRHR and is a City Landmark. Considered a historic property for the purposes of Section 106 and a historical resource under CEQA. Located adjacent (northwest) of Element 2 and 3B. Located 1,200 feet northwest of Element 2 and 3B. Drennan states that the proposed undertaking s APE is not located within the footprint of any of these historic properties or historical resources and the project will not involve any direct modifications to any of these resources (Drennan 2016). Local Consultation Follow-up calls and s will be placed for the historic letters within the next month. As of June 22, 2016 no responses from any of the groups contacted have been received. CONCLUSIONS The City of Santa Monica retained Rincon to complete the Section 106 findings for the Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project, in the City of Santa Monica, Los Angeles County. The findings were based on the results of the previously prepared cultural resources technical report for the project (Drennan 2016). Rincon prepared this letter to present the results of the previously prepared cultural resources technical report and provide supplemental tasks to ensure that the undertaking complies with Section 106. Rincon s scope included the development of the APE, historic group consultation, a field survey of the APE and this summary findings letter. None of the historic groups responded to the letters sent by Rincon. The field survey identified no buildings or structures older than 45 years of age within the APE, which developed with modern structures and heavily urbanized. The previously prepared cultural resources study included a background records search which identified several built environment resources within the vicinity of the APE that are considered historic properties for the purposes of Section 106 and historical resources under CEQA. Although these resources are near to the APE, the project will not have an adverse effect to any of these E n v i r o n m e n t a l S c i e n t i s t s P l a n n e r s E n g i n e e r s

186 Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Cultural Resources Section 106 Findings June 30, 2016 Page 7 of 9 historic properties as the proposed undertaking involved minor modifications to existing water treatment sites, most of which are to be installed underground. The previously identified historic properties and historical resources are located outside the APE, and will not be impacted by the proposed undertaking (Drennan 2016). The CHRIS and SLF records searches resulted in the presence of no known archaeological resources or cultural resources within the APE. Ground visibility within the APE was determined to be poor (zero percent) and each project element is covered with paved surfaces, landscaping and developed with modern infrastructure and institutional-related properties (Drennan 2016). Although Drennan recommends archaeological monitoring within 50 feet of two historical resources in the records search area (CA-LAN H and CA-LAN-803H), both resources are more than 50 feet outside of the project APE and thus do not require monitoring. Based on these facts, Rincon recommends a finding of no historic properties affected for the current undertaking. Furthermore, Rincon recommends no further cultural resources work for the project. The following measures are recommended in case of unanticipated discoveries. Recommendations Rincon recommends the following measures regarding cultural resources: Unanticipated Discovery of Cultural Resources If archaeological resources are encountered during ground-disturbing activities when a monitor is not present, work in the immediate area must halt and an archaeologist meeting the Secretary of the Interior s Professional Qualifications Standards for archaeology (National Park Service 1983) must be contacted immediately to evaluate the find. If the discovery proves to be significant under CEQA, additional work such as data recovery excavation may be warranted. Unanticipated Discovery of Human Remains State of California Health and Safety Code Section states that no further disturbance shall occur until the county coroner has made a determination of origin and disposition pursuant to Public Resources Code Section In the event of an unanticipated discovery of human remains, the county coroner must be notified immediately. If the human remains are determined to be prehistoric, the coroner will notify the Native American Heritage Commission, which will determine and notify a most likely descendant (MLD). The MLD shall complete the inspection of the site within 48 hours of notification and may recommend scientific removal and nondestructive analysis of human remains and items associated with Native American burials. Sincerely, RINCON CONSULTANTS, INC. E n v i r o n m e n t a l S c i e n t i s t s P l a n n e r s E n g i n e e r s

187 Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Cultural Resources Section 106 Findings June 30, 2016 Page 8 of 9 Christopher Duran, M.A.,RPA Principal Investigator, Cultural Resources Shannon Carmack, B.A. Architectural Historian Attachments A. Project Figures B. City of Santa Monica Proposed Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project (SWIP) Archaeological and Historical Resources Study (Drennan 2016). C. Site Visit Photographs D. Resumes of qualified personnel E n v i r o n m e n t a l S c i e n t i s t s P l a n n e r s E n g i n e e r s

188 Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Cultural Resources Section 106 Findings June 30, 2016 Page 9 of 9 References California Office of Historic Preservation 1990 Archaeological Resource Management Reports (ARMR) Guidelines: Recommended Contents and Format. Electronic document accessed March 15, Online at: Drennan, Trisha M City of Santa Monica Proposed Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project (SWIP) Archaeological and Historical Resources Study, Los Angeles County, California. On file with the City of Santa Monica. National Park Service 1983 Archaeology and Historic Preservation: Secretary of the Interior s Standards and Guidelines. Electronic document accessed May 21, Online at E n v i r o n m e n t a l S c i e n t i s t s P l a n n e r s E n g i n e e r s

189 Sustainable Water Infrastructure Project Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration Sacrament o San Francisco Santa Barbara _ ^ Santa Monica CALIFORNIA 5 _ ^ Project Location SWIP Element 1 10 SWIP Element SWIP Element 3 Element 1 Solar Panels Feet 1,000 ±± Imagery provided by Google, ESRI and its licensors Pico-Kenter Outfall Cultural Resources Location Map SOUTHERN LOS ANGELES COUNTY Figure 1 City of Santa Monica

190 City of Santa Monica Cultural Resources Study Element 1 Solar Panels SWIP Element 1a SWIP Element 1b SWIP Element 3b Element 2 and 3a ± Feet USGS Beverly Hills Topographic Quadrangle, Area of Potential Effects Map

191 Photograph 1. View northeast of Element 1 Solar Panels Photograph 2. View southwest towards Pier, Element 1 Solar Panels parking lot adjacent (southeast)

192 Photograph 3. View northeast towards View northeast of Element 1 Solar Panels parking lot Photograph 4. View northeast of Element 1A, SMURRF

193 Photograph 5. View to the east of Element 1A, the SMURRF Photograph 6. View southwest towards Pier from SMURRF.

194 Photograph 7. View to the southwest of Element 1B, the BMY Photograph 8. View to the southwest of Element 1B, the BMY

195 Photograph 9. View northwest of Element 3B, within Memorial Park Photograph 10. View northwest of maintenance yard adjacent to Element 3B

196 Photograph 11. View southwest of Santa Monica Auditorium, from Element 2 and 3A Photograph 12. View northwest of Santa Monica Courthouse, from Element 2 and 3A