Economic & Environmental Benefits of Promoting Energy Efficiency for Buildings in Kuwait Country Report

Transcription

1 UN ESCWA Economic & Environmental Benefits of Promoting Energy Efficiency for Buildings in Kuwait Country Report ESCWA Seminar on Enabling Policies for Financing Energy Efficiency Investments, Tunis, Tunisia April 14-15, 2014 Saad Al Jandal, PhD. Energy Efficiency Program Energy & Building Research Center (EBRC) Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) Moncef Krarti, PhD, PE, LEED AP Director Building Systems Program Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering Department University of Colorado, Boulder 1

2 UN ESCWA Economic & Environmental Benefits of Promoting Energy Efficiency for Buildings in Kuwait Country Report Presentation Outline Important Definition Kuwait Current Energy Scenario; Overview Analytical statistics Building Energy Code of Practice in Kuwait Challenges & Problems Building energy efficiency programs; options for new construction vs. retrofit Economic analysis & results Main observations & recommendations Concluding remarks 2

3 Important Definition Energy Efficiency : Using less energy to provide the same service The concept that is focused on the stability of a country s supply of energy. In other words, it represents the choice of optimal resource allocation, sustainability benefits and diversification policy perspectives. Many now believe energy efficiency has broader implications for the common security of supply and demand, that may include potential economic and environmental economic issues. 3

4 Kuwait Current Energy Scenario 4

5 Current Energy Scenario Primary Power Stations & Oil Refineries Energy Conversion Electricity & water production consume up to 58%. Petroleum sector consume more than 27%. Share of oil and gas in electricity generation in the GCC * Annual capital expenditure exceed $10 billion and annual fuel exceeds 15 $billion. Some-times fuel cost exceed 20% of national budget. Source: IEA (2010) 5

6 Current Energy Scenario Distribution Energy Users End-Users Sectors Electricity & LPG Building sectors are the major consumers of electrical energy with a share of over 75% and 0ver 65% goes for airconditioning alone. Electricity production and consumption ( ) in the GCC* Demand of peak power 8.6 and annual electricity 7.1 Source: IEA (2010) 6

7 Kuwait Current Energy Scenario - Primary Energy Consumption Petrochemical industries and Air- conditioning are the major consumers with a share of over 27%; 0ver 20.9% goes for air- conditioning Water Production Air-conditioning Lighting Other electricity uses Petrochemeical & other indusrries Transport 1.1 Direct Fuel & cooling Gas 7

8 Current Energy Scenario Load curve for MEW network in MW (2010) Load > 8 GW for 900 hrs. peak 1000 MW additional peak capacity needed for about 1000 hrs. Less than 10% of the total installed capacity goes this 1 Gw It is very expensive kwhrs! 8

9 Monthly Electrical Consumption (GWh) Monthly Electricity load verses monthly average ambient temperature in Kuwait ( ) y = x R² = y = x R² = Monthly Average Temperature ( o C) 9

10 Annual Peak Demand (MW) Variation of annual elec. peak demand between in Kuwait y = x R² =

11 Electricity Demand Local Demand Primary Energy End-use Consumptions Current Kuwait Energy Mix & Distributions 11

12 Electricity peak demand by sector Kuwait % 16% 18% 6% Peak Demand % 10% 35% Private Residential Government Residential Investment Buildings Private Commercial Government Commercial Industrial Agricultural 12

13 GCC CO2 emission Scenario* Carbon dioxide emissions the GCC vs. the rest of the world (2008) Source: Carbon dioxide Information Analysis Center, NCBC Research (2009)

14 High energy cost subsidies (USD/person) Source: Capital Standards,

15 Challenges & Problems Electricity consumptions remains highly intensive, specifically in Buildings Delay in implantation and enforcement of some of energy conservation measures in the codes. Lack of incentives to promote the use of efficient cooling and lighting equipment. No subsidies or cash incentives for energy efficient products to reduce energy consumption. To much of over estimation or sizing of A/C equipment. No progress in the application of thermal storage and district cooling systems. Poor power plants maintenance & delay in new stations construction. 15

16 Building Energy Code of Practice in Kuwait The 1983 code was developed by MEW, MPW and KISR: Applicable to all new and retrofitted buildings of all types. The code covers electrical installations : Regulations including their operations energy and conservation measures in buildings. Basic energy conservation requirements: limits A/C peak power (Watt) per unit area (m 2 ) for air- and water-cooled A/C systems as well as lighting for: Residential buildings. Commercial buildings (including office, shops, mosques, schools... etc.). 16

17 The Energy Conservation Code of Practice (MEW / R-6) Minimum required energy conservation measures. - Wall and roof insulation - glazing (WWR). - Ventilation requirements: Residential buildings at 1 AC/hr, All other buildings adhere to ASHREA Handbook of Fundamentals, Use of cooling recovery units. - Air infiltration control: Exterior walls, Windows and doors, Building entrances. - Use of efficient A/C systems: PUFs are 2 and 1.4 kw/rt at design conditions, Air vs water-cooled systems. 17

18 Recommended energy conservation & efficiency measures Must be viable cost effectiveness and can further reduce the energy demand of the building; Floor insulation, Increase in basic measure, Use of shading devices, Use of efficient lighting and appliances, Improved building design, Use of efficient A/C systems, Use of energy recovery systems, Alternative U-values for walls and roofs. Basis for building peak load calculations Design conditions: 24 o C IT, 46 o C OT, 28 o C WB Acceptable methods of calculations. 18

19 BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAMS New Construction vs. Retrofit Option-1: Only new (and renovated) buildings are required to meet energy conservation code practice. Potential Impact of using 2010 vs version of the energy conservation code of practice: 164 GWh/year in annual energy savings. 94 MW in peak demand reduction metric tons/year in annual reduction of CO2 emissions. Option-2: New buildings are required to meet energy conservation code practice AND all Existed buildings have to be retrofitted. Three levels of retrofits are suggested: Level-1 Energy Retrofit (a walk-through audit with simple measures; average energy savings 8%). Level-2 Energy Retrofit (standard audit to focus on envelope, lighting, and HVAC: average energy savings 23%) Level-3 Energy Retrofit (deep retrofit measures and control strategies; average energy savings 50%) 19

20 Mandatory Energy Efficiency Retrofit Program (MEERP) Level-1 Basic a walk-thru energy audit to implement low-cost EE measures (Programmable Thermostats, use CLF or LED lighting and weatherization of building envelope). Level -2 Standard energy audit to meet at least the ECC by improving building envelope components, use of more efficient HVAC and appliances. Moderate costs, can achieve savings up to 25%. MEERP Level -3 Detailed energy audit to perform deeper retrofits to the building; replacing inefficient building components, such as window`s and HVAC motors. It costs more but saves up 50%. 20

21 BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAMS New Construction vs. Retrofit Option-2: New buildings are required to meet energy conservation code practice AND all existed buildings have to be retrofitted. Energy and Environmental Benefits: Retrofit Level Annual Energy Use Savings (GWh/yr) Peak Demand Savings (MW) Annual CO 2 Emissions Savings (10 3 Tons/yr) Level Level Level

22 BUILDING RETROFIT PROGRAM Economical Analysis Cost-Effectiveness: If implemented through incentives and grants by the government, the program is very cost-effective Economical Analysis: Retrofit Level Total Retrofit Cost (Million $) Peak Demand Savings (Million $) Annual Energy Cost Savings (Million $/yr) Simple Payback Analysis (Yrs) Level Level-2 1,951 1, Level-3 3,902 3,

23 BUILDING RETROFIT PROGRAM Economical Analysis Job Creation: If implemented, the program has the potential to create new industry with several jobs that can serve not only Kuwait but all GCC region. Job Creation Potential: Building Type Level-1 Level-2 Level-3 Private Residential Governmental Residential Commercial Governmental Total

24 Annual Consumption (kwh) ENERGY CONERVATION CODE OF PRACRICE Significantly Reduce Energy Use Required since Updated in 2010 with 23% Improvement relative to Focus on building envelope components and AC systems. 2. Enforced by MEW through peak power supply Worst Case Code-1983 Base Case Code-2010 (A) Code-2010 (B) Appling Code-2010 on Base case Appling Code-2010 on Code % 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% Percentage of Saving 24

25 Optimal design energy efficient residential building in 5 GCC cities LCC case / LCC basecase Kuwait (Kuwait) Riyadh (Saudi) Dubai (UAE) Doha (Qatar) Salalah (Oman) Source energy savings [%] 25

26 Main Observations & Recommendations There are significant economical and environmental benefits that could be achieved with application of energy conservation code of practice (ECC) in buildings. Energy conservation code of practice must be updated at least once every 5 years. The updated Code should include more stringent regulations and proven energy efficiency technologies. To start implementing gradually a mandatory energy efficiency retrofit program (MEERP), first staring with the residential building sector then for the entire existing building stock in Kuwait. With the 3 levels of energy retrofit, a basic retrofit level (i.e., level-1 MEERP) consisting of improving energy efficiency level of lighting and air conditioning systems. Noting that this can pay for itself through elimination of the capital costs needed for new electrical power plants. To gradually reduce energy and water subsidies to ensure that deeper energy retrofit of existing building stock can be cost-effective even for building owners. Noting, that even without any reduction in subsidies, level-2 and level-3 energy efficiency retrofit programs are cost-effective for the Kuwaiti government. In addition, Significant economical and environmental benefits for improving the energy efficiency of both new and existing buildings in Kuwait, the MEERP can create significant number of jobs in Kuwait (up to jobs can created if all the building stock is retrofitted). MEERP can be applied not only in Kuwait but in any GCC country that provides high energy subsidies. Similar economical and environmental benefits found for Kuwait can be obtained for other GCC countries. 26

27 Concluding Remarks Kuwait remains an Energy intensive country among the other countries in the region. Need to continue enforcing energy conversion and energy efficiency in all types of buildings. Need to enforce implementing optimal operation strategies in cooling systems and EC in all air-conditioned buildings. Need to offer incentives to promote use of efficient appliances, A/C and lighting systems. Need to apply load-shifting technologies, e.g. thermal storage and district cooling systems. Need to design sustainable buildings, with Solar and passive systems. 27

28 Thank You