Marjana Šijanec Zavrl, Erik Potočar,
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1 Practical Implementation of the Cost- Optimal Regulation for establishing nation Minimum Requirements in Slovenia Marjana Šijanec Zavrl, Marta Skubic, Andraž Rakušček, Henrik Gjerkeš, Building and Civil Engineering Institute ZRMK, Slovenia, Erik Potočar, Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, Slovenia Stakeholder Meeting: NZEB The vision for 2020, Wels, March 2, 2012
2 Slovenia -targets Climate- energy policy by % RES in final energy use 6% GHG reduction (ref. 2005) (max +4% CO2 for not ETS sector - "Effort Sharing Decision ) 20% increase of energy efficiency Energy use in Slovenia 25% for space heating and DHW 35% for buildings
3 Assumption based on cost- optimal methodology framework In order to investigate the cost optimality of minimum requirements in Slovenian building code the study was initiated based on the EC comparative methodology framework for calculating cost optimal levels of minimum energy performance requirements for buildings and its elements. Reference buildings (residential, example blds.) ) selected based on IEE TABULA building typology and the national real-estate date base (REN 2008), that gave the necessary support for categorization of the building stock according to the type of use, the period of construction, and the main architectural t characteristics ti as well as to the implemented renovation measures non-residential building not yet elaborated, early activities going on in the country for virtual buildings.
4 Reference buildings IEE TABULA typology.eu provides 4 residential buildings sub-categories by size
5 Building typology 6 sub-categories by the period of construction Slovenian TABULA Typology defined d 6 classes by the year of construction: until 1945 (1) pre WW II period (2) after WWII period, no thermal regulations (3) national regulation on thermal insulation of residential buildings (4) first regulation for thermal insulation and RUE in buildings JUS.U.J5.600 (1980) (5) first energy performance regulation methodology based on CEN standards d (832) PTZURES 2002 from 2009 (6) latest EPBD energy performance regulations PURES 2008, PURES 2010
6 For cost optimal study regrouping of sub-categories into 2 groups + integration of information on renovation status of existing buildings (model based on national real estate registry registry REN 2008) Slovenia SINGLE UNIT HOUSE 0.N.SINGLE UNIT HOUSE.02.Gen 0.N.SINGLE UNIT HOUSE.03.Gen 0.N.SINGLE UNIT HOUSE.04.Gen 0.N.SINGLE UNIT HOUSE.05.Gen 0.N.SINGLE UNIT HOUSE.06.Gen MULTI UNIT HOUSE 0.N.MULTI UNIT HOUSE.02.Gen 0.N.MULTI UNIT HOUSE.03.Gen 0.N.MULTI UNIT HOUSE.04.Gen 0.N.MULTI UNIT HOUSE.05.Gen 0.N.MULTI UNIT HOUSE.06.Gen -Un refurbished -Medium refur. -Full refur. -Un refurbished -Medium refur. -Full refur. -Un refurbished -Medium refur. -Full refur. -Standard -High standard -Low Energy -High standard -Low Energy AG GE RENOVATION SFH MFH NON-RES SIZE Type For each building category, at least one reference building shall be established for new buildings and at least two for existing buildings subject to major renovation.
7 Reference buildings sub-categories for cost optimal analysis Single Unit Buildings Floor area in m2 Tabula Floor Tabula reference % of Multi Unit area in reference area in SUH Buildings area in m 2 m m 2 % of MUH SUH.01.Un_refur ,9% MUH.01.Un_refur ,2% SUH.01.Med_refur ,9% MUH.01.Med_refur ,7% SUH.01.Full_refur ,2% MUH.01.Full_refur ,8% SUH.02.Un_refur ,2% MUH.02.Un_refur ,0% SUH.02.Med_refur ,1% MUH.02.Med_refur ,2% SUH.02.Full_refur ,1% MUH.02.Full_refur ,7% SUH.03.Un_refur ,6% MUH.03.Un_refur ,6% SUH.03.Med_refur ,6% MUH.03.Med_refur ,6% SUH.03.Full_refur ,0% MUH.03.Full_refur ,7% SUH.04.Standard ,2% MUH.04.Standard ,1% SUH.04.High_stand ,4% MUH.04.High_stand ,0% SUH.04.Low_E ,3% MUH.04.Low_E ,4% SUH.05.High_stand ,2% MUH.05.High_stand ,9% SUH.05.Low_E ,2% MUH.05.Low_E ,0% % % Source: Registry of buildings [REN]
8 Assumption based on cost- optimal methodology framework Currently: single family buildings - new buildings cost optimality at financial level (with consideration to the end consumer perspective, also with consideration to the subsidies) cost optimality at macroeconomic level (CO 2 ETS prices - Annex I, no VAT) the calculation period of 30 years for residential buildings growth of energy prices from the National energy program (NEP 2030) estimated economic lifecycle of buildings and building elements (market survey, IEE LCC DATA, Annex A of EN very detailed) Discount rates 3%, 5% Disposal costs excluded from LCC National conversion factors Qp (wood biomass 0,1; electricity 2,5)
9 Life time Element or energy system (years) Condensing gas boiler 15 Solar collector 20 Oil boiler 15 Heat pump air to water 15 Ventilation system with heat recovery 15 Heat pump ground (shallow) )to water 15 Windows 20 Biomass boilers (pellets) 15 Costs per ye ear (EUR) 70000, , , , , , ,00 Cash flow investment, operation, maitenance, replacement costs 0, Years
10 Envelope Wall thermal insulation 5 cm 35 cm Roof thermal insulation 14 cm 35 cm Ground termal insulation 5 cm 35 cm Window Uw = 1,4 W/m2K; 0,8 W/m2K Thermal bridges default Thermal bridges simulated Ventilation Energy systems DHW Natural ventilation n=0 0,5 Mechanical ventilation + heat recovery > 0,80 Condensing gas boiler Oil boiler Heat pump air to water Heat pump ground to water Biomass boiler (pellets) Prepared with heating system Solar collectors Over 150 scenarios
11 Over 150 scenarios Realistic combinations of elements and systems for selected building: Thermal insulation from 5 cm to 35 cm, windows Condensing gas boiler Condensing gas boiler + ventilation h. recovery Condensing gas boiler + solar collectors Condensing gas boiler + ventilation h. recovery + solar collectors Oil boiler Oil boiler + ventilation h. recovery Heat pump air to water Heat pump air to water + ventilation h. recovery Heat pump ground (shallow) to water Heat pump ground (shallow) to water + ventilation h. recovery Heat pump ground (shallow) to water + solar colectors Heat pump ground (shallow) to water + ventilation h. recovery + solar collectors Biomass boilers (pellets) Biomass boilers (pellets) + ventilation h. recovery
12 Financial 3% discount rate - SFH 650 Net present value/au (discount rate 3%, 30 years) Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery NPV/Au Solar collectors Heat pump air/ water Condensing heat boiler Pellet boiler Boiler for Extra light fuel oil Heat pump ground/water 300 Condensing gas boiler ,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 120,00 140,00 160,00 180,00 200,00 Qp/Au
13 Financial 5% discount rate 650 Net present value/au (discount rate 5%, 30 years) Discount rate changed from 3% to 5% NPV is reduced 9% to 14% 500 NPV/Au Heat pump air/ water Condensing heat boiler Pellet boiler Boiler for Extra light fuel oil Heat pump ground/water ,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 120,00 140,00 160,00 180,00 200,00 Qp/Au
14 Financial & current regulation 650 Net present value/au (discount rate 3%, 30 years) Current minimum requirements PURES NPV/Au Heat pump air/ water Condensing heat boiler Pellet boiler Boiler for Extra light fuel oil Heat pump ground/water PURES ,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 120,00 140,00 160,00 180,00 200,00 Qp/Au
15 Financial calculation & subsidies 600 Net present value/au (discount rate 3%, 30 years, Subsidies) NPV/Au Heat pump air/ water Condensing gas boiler Pellet boiler Oil boiler Heat pump ground/water Subsidies Eco-fund Solar collectors Biomass pellet boiler Heat pump air to water Ventil & heat recovery Heat pump ground to water Envelope insulation 200 0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 120,00 140,00 160,00 180,00 200,00 Qp/Au
16 Macroeconomic calculation SFH Net present value/au (discount rate 3%, 30 years) macroeconomic NPV/Au Heat pump air/ water Condensing heat boiler Pellet boiler Oil boiler Heat pump ground/water ,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 120,00 140,00 160,00 180,00 200,00 Qp/Au
17 Current building regulation PURES beyond cost cost optimal level? maximum U-values of the envelope elements Min. requirements for systems maximum allowed specific transmission heat Public buildings must comply losses (Ht'), with 10% more severe maximum annual heat demand for space requirements. heating and for residential buildings also for The use of RES is mandatory cooling (Qnh, Qnc), in all new buildings since 2008, maximum primary energy for operation of the i.e., e, min. 25% of total final energy systems (incl. lighting) for residential energy use for operation of the buildings Qp/Au = ,1 (60 f0 4,4 TL) kwh/(m2a) energy systems in the building must be covered by RES. H'T (W/m 2 K) 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 (Qp), approx. 165 to 220 kwh/m2a, Maximum allowed specific heat transfer coefficient by transmission H'T (W/m 2 K) 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 PTZURES 2002 LJ PURES 2008 LJ PURES LJ fo Qnh/Au (kwh/m 2 ) 120,00 100,00 80,00 60,00 40,00 20,00 0,00 Maximum allowed annual heat demand for space heating per useful floor area Qnh/Au (kwh/m 2 ) Umax (W/m 2 K) 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 PTZURES 2002 PURES LJ after PURES LJ until fo walls 0.28 floors b. flats 0.90 flat roofs 0.20 windows 1.3 glazing 1.1 doors 1.6
18 Preliminary results For new SFH: National minium requirements of PURES 2010 go beyond cost optimal levels How close are they to nzeb (%RES, CO2, QNH, Qp, indicator incl. PV )? Flat curves NPV/Qp Subsidies change prioritized / optimal technologies from condensing gas boiler to heat pump ground/water General: the lowest NPVs good insulation (20 cm +), 2-low-e glazing, natural ventilation, condensing gas / heat pumps (with solar collectors close competitors) Sensitivity analysis needed life-time of systems and subsystems, element and system costs
19 Thank you j
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