Report no Measurement of emissions from aluminium foundry. Lennart Holmberg and Martin Wänerholm

Transcription

1 Report no Measurement of emissions from aluminium foundry Lennart Holmberg and Martin Wänerholm

2 Swerea SWECAST AB Box 2033, Jönköping Telefon Telefax , Swerea SWECAST AB

3 Swerea SWECAST AB Projekt nr Projekt namn 1874 Odourless Casting Status Öppen, Författare Rapport nr Datum Lennart Holmberg and Martin Wänerholm _ Sammanfattning De högsta luktemissionerna (oue/h) vid aluminiumgjuteriet uppmättes vid vaggjutningen, Penta (MP2) och vid ett lokalt ventilationsutblås (MP4) Den totala luktemissionen från aluminiumgjuteriet var oue/h. Den totala luktemissionen 2012 var oue/h/ton producerat material. Koncentrationen av de kemiska föreningarna BTEX var låg. Summary The highest odour emissions (oue/h) at aluminium foundry were measured at the tilt casting, Penta (MP2) and at the pipe casting, local exhaust (MP4). The total odour emissions at aluminium foundry were oue/h. The total odour emissions in 2012 was oue/h/produced ton. BTEX compounds concentration were low.

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5 Swerea SWECAST AB Rapport nr _ Contents 1 INTRODUCTION PRODUCTION DURING MEASUREMENTS MEASUREMENT STAFF PROCEDURE ODOUR TVOC (TOTAL VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS) HYDROCARBONS AND BTEX CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) SULPHUR DIOXIDE (SO2) ALDEHYDES AMINES FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENTS MEASUREMENT RESULTS CONCLUSIONS... 3 Appendices APPENDIX 1. Summary of results. APPENDIX 2. Odour emissions defined by dynamic olfactometry. APPENDIX 3. VOC compounds and carbon content defined in adsorption samples. APPENDIX 4 APPENDIX 5: APPENDIX 6:. Amines defined in adsorption samples.. Aldehyde compounds defined in adsorption samples.. Phenol and creosols defined in adsorption samples. APPENDIX 7:. VOC concentration defined by FID-analyzer (8 pages). APPENDIX 8: analyzer. APPENDIX 9:. CO and SO 2 emissions defined by chemical cell. Measuring point (3 pages). APPENDIX 10:. BTEX compounds defined in adsorption samples.

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7 Swerea SWECAST AB Rapport nr _ 1 Introduction The aim of the Odorless Casting project is to address the problems related to the air pollution control of odorous and hazardous gaseous emissions from foundry processes and to pilot specifed abatement technologies of the emissions. Aluminum foundry in Sweden is one of the seven pilot foundries in the project where the odour emission balance will be determined. The most odorous processes at this aluminium foundry o are CB core making where emissions are led to general ventilation exhausts and the high chimney from core making local exhausts and core storage. The high content amine curing exhausts from core making cabines are led to acid scrubber. The fumes origining from core bonding agents in casting and shake-out are sucked out vie roof fans and dedusting systems. 2 Production during measurements The production was normal during the measurement period. On The production rate of the foundry was about 210 t/month, and the annual production in 2012 will be about t/a. 3 Measurement staff The measurement was carried out by Mr. Marko Liikanen and Mr. Perttu Kriikku from AX-LVI Consulting Ltd. Mrs. Sara Hihnala and Mr. Markku Tapola from Meehanite Techology Oy participated in odour panel. Mr. Lennart Holmberg from Swerea also was participating in the work. 4 Procedure 4.1 Odour The odour samples were taken in sample bags from the exhaust air during the normal operation of the process. The sample points of emis-sion flows were chosen to represent the average odour of the area or process in question. The odour samples were taken in accordance with the EN 13725:2003 standard. The strength of the odour determined by an odour panel and dynamic olfactometric analyses according to standard EN 13725:2003. In the method, the odour concentrations oue/m³ (ou=odour unit) were measured by the dilution of the odour sample to the odour threshold where the numerical value of the odour concentration is equal to the dilution factor that is necessary to reach the odour threshold. The odour panel comprises 2 persons from AX-LVI Consulting Ltd and 2 persons from Meehanite Tehcnology Ltd. The suitability of personnel who participated in the odour panel had been determined according to standard practice using n-butanol. The odour emissions of the premises were calculated based on the determined odour concentrations and airflow of the area or process in question. 1

8 Swerea SWECAST AB Rapport nr _ 4.2 TVOC (Total Volatile Organic Compounds) TVOC concentrations (methane equivalent concentration, ppm) were measured continuously with flame ionization detector analyzer (FID). The FID analyzer calibrated during the measurements with zero and span gases. The FID measurements carried out in accordance with the USA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 25. The analysers results were double-checked and concentration response was calculated for the devices by taking samples from measured gases simultaneously into adsorption tubes via a condenser and analysing different hydrocarbon compounds from the condensate as well as adsorption tube by gas chromatography. The samples were used to derive multiplying factors to make the methane equivalent response (ppm) of the analysers reflect the real VOC concentration (mg/nm3). Standards SFS 3869 and SFS 3861 were applied in adsorption tube measurement. At the same time, a silica sample tube was taken from the exhaust air from which the total volatile organic carbons (TVOC) concentrations analyzed by an accredited laboratory. In the analysis, the sample oxidated at a temperature of at least 600 C and the CO2 - gas discharged during oxidation was detected. The sampling was carried out in accordance with the SFS 3869 standard. Silica sample tube results have not been used, because the quantification limit of the analyzing method was too high. Instead of that TVOC concentrations were analyzed from charcoal sample tubes. 4.3 Hydrocarbons and BTEX Hydrocarbons were measured from a sample taken with an activated charcoal sample tube from the exhaust air with a pump. The hydrocarbon compounds were detected with GC-MS-analysis in an accredited laboratory. The measurements was carried out in accordance with the SFS 3869 standard. 4.4 Carbon monoxide (CO) CO concentrations were measured continuously with a electrochemical measurement cell. The measurements were carried out in accordance with the SFS 3869 standard. 4.5 Sulphur dioxide (SO2) SO2 concentrations were measured continuously with an electrochemical measurement cell. The measurements were carried out in accordance with the SFS 3869 standard. 4.6 Aldehydes The concentrations of aldehydes were measured from a sample taken with a Sep- Pak sample tube from the exhaust air with a sample pump. The measurements were carried out in accordance with the SFS 3869 standard. The analysis were carried out at an accredited laboratory with liquid chromatograph analysis. 2

9 Swerea SWECAST AB Rapport nr _ 4.7 Amines The concentrations of amines were measured from sample taken with a anasorb 747 sample tube taken from the cold-box -exhaust air with a sample pump. The analysis were carried out at an accredited laboratory with liquid chromatograph analysis. The measurements were carried out in accordance with the SFS 3869 standard. 4.8 Flow rate The flow rates of the exhaust air were measured with a pitot tube and a micromanometer according to the SFS 5512 standard. The humidity was calculated with dry/wet temperature measurements. 5 Measurement equipment The measurement equipments are presented in table 1. Table 1. The measurement equipments Compound Equipment Measurement method Equipment Standard Odour Olfactometry TO8 Dynamic olfactometry A125 SFS-EN TVOC Amine Aldehyde Phenol Creosols CAI 300 HFID CAI 600 HFID Charcoal sample tube SKC-222 sample pump Anasorb 747 sample tube SKC-222 sample pump Sep-Pak sample tube SKC-222 sample pump XAD7 sample tube SKC-222 sample pump Flame ionization detector 2 4 Adsorption 2, 4, 5, SIP-9 Adsorption 2, 6, SIP- 5, SIP-7 SFS-EN EPA method 25 SFS 3869 SFS 3869 Adsorption 2 SFS 3869 Adsorption 1 SFS 3869 CO, SO 2 Testo 350 XL analyzer Chemical cell 2 SFS 3869 Airflow Temperature DP Measurement micromanometer + L-pitot Testo 175 logger K-type thermocouple Differential pressure Difference of voltage A021-5 SFS 5512 A025-3 L090-8 SFS Uncertainty of measurements Uncertainties of measurements are presented with results. 7 Measurement results Measurement results are presented in APPENDICES Conclusions The highest odour emissions (oue/h) at aluminium foundry were measured at the tilt casting, Penta (MP2) and at the pipe casting, local exhaust (MP4). 3

10 Swerea SWECAST AB Rapport nr _ The total odour emissions at aluminium foundry were oue/h. The total odour emissions in 2012 was oue/h/produced ton. BTEX compounds concentration were low. 4

11 Summary of results APPENDIX 1 1/1 Measuring points Die casting Tilt casting (Penta) Core shake-out of tilt casting (filter) (local exhaust hood) (general exhaust roaf fan) Exhaust of core storage and core making tables Amine scrubber (clean gas) Core shakeout of pipe casting (filter) Total sum MP1 MP2 MP3 MP4 MP5 MP6 MP7 MP8 Date Flow rate m³/h * Odour Concentration ou E /m³ Hourly emission Mou E /h 0,03 2,5 0,31 1,3 0,56 0,70 1,0 0,19 6,6 TVOC Concentration mg/nm³ 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,3 0,4 0,2 0,2 Hourly emission kg/h 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,00 0,02 Amine Concentration mg/nm³ <0,20 <0,16 <0,28 <0,47 0,27 <0,19 Hourly emission kg/h <0,004 <0,003 <0,001 <0,01 0,003 <0,004 0,02 Formaldehyde Concentration mg/nm³ 0,01 0,01 0,02 0,01 Hourly emission kg/h 0,0002 0,0002 0,0001 0,0003 0,001 Other aldehydes Concentration mg/nm³ <0,07 <0,03 <0,04 <0,02 Hourly emission kg/h <0,002 <0,001 <0,0002 <0,0004 0,003 Phenol Concentration mg/nm³ 0,94 0,06 <0,10 <0,07 Hourly emission kg/h 0,02 0,001 <0,001 <0,001 0,02 Creosols Concentration mg/nm³ 0,63 <0,12 <0,21 <0,14 Hourly emission kg/h 0,01 <0,003 <0,001 <0,003 0,02 SO 2 Concentration mg/nm³ 1,1 2,4 0 2,7 Hourly emission kg/h 0,02 0,05 0 0,06 0,13 * Flow rate is based on information from manufacturer.

12 Odour emissions defined by dynamic olfactometry APPENDIX 2 1/1 Measuring points Die casting Tilt casting (Penta) Core shake-out of tilt casting (filter) (local exhaust hood) (general exhaust roaf fan) Exhaust of core storage and core making tables Amine scrubber (clean gas) Core shakeout of pipe casting (filter) MP1 MP2 MP3 MP4 MP5 MP6 MP7 MP8 Date Time started 17:36 16:15 20:01 12:52 11:03 13:04 12:10 11:13 Time finished 18:06 16:52 20:24 13:15 11:35 13:47 12:45 11:54 Concentration ou E /m³ Flow rate m³/h * Hourly emission Mou E /h 0,03 2,5 0,31 1,3 0,56 0,70 0,96 0,19 Maximus uncertainty of results Concentration % ±50 ±30 ±50 ±30 ±30 ±30 ±30 ±50 Flow rate % ±10 ±5 ±5 ±10 ±5 ±5 ±5 Emission % ±60 ±35 ±55 ±40 ±35 ±35 ±55 *Flow rates are based on information from aluminium foundry.

13 VOC compounds and carbon content defined in adsorption samples APPENDIX 3 1/1 Measuring points Die casting Tilt casting (Penta) Core shake-out of swing casting (Penta, filter) (local exhaust hood) (general exhaust roaf Exhaust of core storage and core making tables Amine scrubber (clean gas) Core shake-out of pipe casting (filter) fan) MP1 MP2 MP3 MP4 MP5 MP6 MP7 MP8 Date Time started 16:46:15 14:45:40 18:16:44 12:06:30 10:06:48 13:00:00 11:11:55 18:40:38 Time finished 18:04:50 16:55:19 20:18:20 14:45:00 11:36:39 13:55:40 12:46:05 20:56:19 Flow rate Nm³/h * Concentration Aniline mg/nm³ <0,16 <0,09 <0,11 <0,07 <0,13 <0,20 <0,12 <0,08 Benzene mg/nm³ <0,16 <0,09 <0,11 <0,07 <0,13 <0,20 <0,12 <0,08 Ethanol mg/nm³ <0,41 <0,22 <0,26 <0,18 <0,31 <0,51 <0,30 <0,21 Xylene mg/nm³ <0,16 <0,09 <0,11 <0,07 <0,13 <0,20 <0,12 <0,08 Dissolvent benzine, class 1 mg/nm³ <0,16 <0,09 <0,11 <0,07 <0,13 <0,20 0,42 <0,08 Dissolvent benzine, class 3 mg/nm³ <0,16 1,3 <0,11 1,5 1,9 9,2 6,6 <0,08 Naphthalene mg/nm³ <0,25 <0,13 <0,16 <0,11 <0,19 <0,31 <0,18 <0,12 2-propanol mg/nm³ <0,33 <0,17 <0,21 <0,18 <0,25 <0,41 <0,24 <0,17 Toluene mg/nm³ <0,16 <0,09 <0,11 <0,07 <0,13 <0,20 <0,12 <0,08 other VOCs mg/nm³ <0,16 0,13 0,37 0,18 0,25 0,72 0,60 0,08 TVOC mg/nm³ 2,1 2,4 1,6 2,5 3,5 12,2 8,8 1,1 Total hourly emission kg/h 0,01 0,05 0,03 0,05 0,02 0,17 0,11 0,02 Compound content Aniline % 7,7 3,6 6,5 2,9 3,6 1,7 1,4 7,7 Benzene % 7,7 3,6 6,5 2,9 3,6 1,7 1,4 7,7 Ethanol % 19,2 9,1 16,1 7,4 8,9 4,2 3,4 19,2 Xylene % 7,7 3,6 6,5 2,9 3,6 1,7 1,4 7,7 Dissolvent benzine, class 1 % 7,7 3,6 6,5 2,9 3,6 1,7 4,8 7,7 Dissolvent benzine, class 3 % 7,7 54,5 6,5 58,8 53,6 75,6 74,8 7,7 Naphthalene % 11,5 5,5 9,7 4,4 5,4 2,5 2,0 11,5 2-propanol % 15,4 7,3 12,9 7,4 7,1 3,4 2,7 15,4 Toluene % 7,7 3,6 6,5 2,9 3,6 1,7 1,4 7,7 other VOCs % 7,7 5,5 22,6 7,4 7,1 5,9 6,8 7,7 TVOC % Carbon content Aniline mgc/nm³ <0,13 <0,07 <0,08 <0,06 <0,10 <0,16 <0,09 <0,06 Benzene mgc/nm³ <0,15 <0,08 <0,10 <0,07 <0,12 <0,19 <0,11 <0,08 Ethanol mgc/nm³ <0,21 <0,11 <0,14 <0,10 <0,16 <0,27 <0,16 <0,11 Xylene mgc/nm³ <0,15 <0,08 <0,10 <0,07 <0,11 <0,19 <0,11 <0,08 Dissolvent benzine, class 1 mgc/nm³ <0,14 <0,07 <0,09 <0,06 <0,11 <0,17 0,35 <0,07 Dissolvent benzine, class 3 mgc/nm³ <0,14 1,1 <0,09 1,2 1,6 7,7 5,5 <0,07 Naphthalene mgc/nm³ <0,23 <0,12 <0,15 <0,10 <0,18 <0,29 <0,17 <0,12 2-propanol mgc/nm³ <0,20 <0,10 <0,13 <0,11 <0,15 <0,25 <0,14 <0,10 Toluene mgc/nm³ <0,15 <0,08 <0,10 <0,07 <0,11 <0,19 <0,11 <0,08 other VOCs mgc/nm³ <0,14 0,11 0,31 0,15 0,21 0,60 0,50 0,07 TOC mgc/nm³ 1,6 1,9 1,3 2,0 2,8 10,0 7,3 0,83 Average carbon content % 76,4 80,4 77,6 80,7 80,4 82,3 82,6 76,4 Total hourly emission kgc/h 0,01 0,04 0,02 0,04 0,01 0,14 0,09 0,02 Maximus uncertainty of results Concentration % ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 Flow rate % ±10 ±5 ±5 ±10 ±5 ±5 ±5 Emission % ±25 ±20 ±20 ±25 ±15 ±20 ±20 ±20 * Flow rate is based on information from manufacturer. Aniline is calculated as toluene equivalent, result is semiquantitative. Dissolvent benzine is calculated as heptane equivalent, result is semiquantitative. Other VOCs are calculated as heptane equivalent, result is semiquantitative.

14 Amines defined in adsorption samples APPENDIX 4 1/1 Measuring points Amine scrubber (raw gas) Amine scrubber (clean gas) Tilt casting (Penta) (local exhaust hood) (general exhaust roaf fan) Exhaust of core storage and core making tables Core shake-out of pipe casting (filter) MP7 MP7 MP2 MP4 MP5 MP6 MP8 Date Time started 11:44:40 11:11:55 14:45:40 12:06:30 10:06:48 13:00:00 18:40:38 Time finished 12:19:50 12:46:05 16:55:19 14:45:00 11:36:39 13:55:40 20:56:19 N,N-Dimethylethylamine Concentration mg/nm³ 54,9 0,27 <0,20 <0,16 <0,28 <0,47 <0,19 Flow rate Nm³/h * Hourly emission kg/h 0,003 0,002 0,003 0,001 0,01 0,004 Maximus uncertainty of results Concentration % ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 Flow rate % ±5 ±5 ±10 ±5 ±5 Emission % ±20 ±20 ±25 ±20 ±20 * Flow rate is based on information from manufacturer. Cleaning efficiency of amine scrubber Raw gas Clean gas Cleaning efficiency mg/nm³ mg/nm³ % N,N-Dimethylethylamine 54,9 0,27 99,5

15 Aldehyde compounds defined in adsorption samples APPENDIX 5 1/1 Measuring points Tilt casting (Penta) (local exhaust hood) (general exhaust roaf Core shake-out of pipe casting (filter) fan) MP2 MP4 MP5 MP8 Date Time started 14:45:40 12:06:30 10:06:48 18:40:38 Time finished 16:55:19 14:45:00 11:36:39 20:56:19 Concentration Asetaldehyde mg/nm³ 0,04 0,01 0,01 <0,01 Bentsaldehyde mg/nm³ <0,01 Butyraldehyde mg/nm³ 0,01 <0,01 Formaldehyde mg/nm³ 0,01 0,01 0,02 0,01 Hexanal mg/nm³ 0,01 0,01 <0,01 <0,01 Valeraldehyde mg/nm³ <0,01 <0,004 <0,01 <0,01 Propioaldehyde mg/nm³ 0,01 0,01 0,01 Flow rate Nm³/h * Hourly emission Asetaldehyde kg/h 0,0004 0,0002 0,00005 <0,0001 Bentsaldehyde kg/h <0,00005 Butyraldehyde kg/h 0,00005 <0,0001 Formaldehyde kg/h 0,0001 0,0002 0,0001 0,0003 Hexanal kg/h 0, ,0001 <0,00004 <0,0001 Valeraldehyde kg/h <0,00005 <0,0001 <0,00004 <0,0001 Propioaldehyde kg/h 0,0001 0,0003 0,0001 Maximus uncertainty of results Concentration % ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 Flow rate % ±5 ±10 ±5 Concentration % ±20 ±25 ±20 * Flow rate is based on information from manufacturer.

16 Phenol and creosols defined in adsorption samples APPENDIX 6 1/1 Measuring points Tilt casting (Penta) (local exhaust hood) (general exhaust roaf fan) Core shakeout of pipe casting (filter) MP2 MP4 MP5 MP8 Date Time started 14:45:40 12:06:30 10:06:48 18:40:38 Time finished 16:55:19 14:45:00 11:36:39 20:56:19 Concentration Phenol mg/nm³ 0,94 0,06 <0,10 <0,07 Creosols mg/nm³ 0,63 <0,12 <0,21 <0,14 Flow rate Nm³/h * Hourly emission Phenol kg/h 0,01 0,001 <0,001 <0,001 Creosols kg/h 0,01 <0,003 <0,001 <0,003 Maximus uncertainty of results Concentration % ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 Flow rate % ±5 ±10 ±5 Emission % ±20 ±25 ±20 * Flow rate is based on information from manufacturer.

17 TVOC concentration defined by FID-analyzer and charcoal samples APPENDIX 7 1/8 Measuring point: MP1 Die casting TVOC concentration [mg/nm³] :30 15:45 16:00 16:15 16:30 16:45 17:00 17:15 17:30 17:45 18:00 18:

18 TVOC concentration defined by FID-analyzer and charcoal samples APPENDIX 7 2/8 Measuring point: MP2 Tilt casting (Penta) TVOC concentration [mg/nm³] :30 14:45 15:00 15:15 15:30 15:45 16:00 16:15 16:30 16:45 17:

19 VOC concentration defined by FID-analyzer and charcoal samples APPENDIX 7 3/8 Measuring point: MP3 Core shake-out of tilt casting (Penta, filter) TVOC concentration [mg/nm³] :30 17:45 18:00 18:15 18:30 18:45 19:00 19:15 19:30 19:45 20:00 20:15 20:

20 VOC concentration defined by FID-analyzer and charcoal samples APPENDIX 7 4/8 Measuring point: MP4 (local exhaust hood) TVOC concentration [mg/nm³] :00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 15:00 15:30 16:

21 VOC concentration defined by FID-analyzer and charcoal samples APPENDIX 7 5/8 Measuring point: MP5 (general exhaust roaf fan) TVOC concentration [mg/nm³] :00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 15:00 15:30 16:

22 VOC concentration defined by FID-analyzer and charcoal samples APPENDIX 7 6/8 Measuring point: MP6 Exhaust of core making storage and core making tables TVOC concentration [mg/nm³] :00 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:

23 VOC concentration defined by FID-analyzer and charcoal samples APPENDIX 7 7/8 Measuring point: MP7 Amine scrubber (clean gas) TVOC concentration [mg/nm³] :00 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:

24 VOC concentration defined by FID-analyzer and charcoal samples APPENDIX 7 8/8 Measuring point: MP8 Core shake-out of pipe casting (filter) TVOC concentration [mg/nm³] :30 18:45 19:00 19:15 19:30 19:45 20:00 20:15 20:30 20:45 21:

25 CO and SO 2 emissions defined by chemical cell analyzer APPENDIX 8 1/1 Measuring points Tilt casting (Penta) (local exhaust hood) (general exhaust roaf fan) Core shakeout of pipe casting (filter) MP2 MP4 MP5 MP8 Date Time started 14:45 12:30 10:00 20:15 Time finished 17:00 14:30 11:30 20:45 Concentration Carbon monoxide (CO) mg/nm³ 0, Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) mg/nm³ 1,1 2,4 0 2,7 Flow rate Nm³/h * Hourly emission Carbon monoxide (CO) kg/h 0, Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) kg/h 0,01 0,05 0 0,06 Maximus uncertainty of results Concentration (CO) % ±100 ±100 ±100 ±100 Concentration (SO 2 ) % ±50 ±50 ±100 ±50 * Flow rate is based on information from manufacturer.

26 Measuring points APPENDIX 9 1/1 3 # Measuring point 1 Die casting Tilt casting (Penta) 3 Core shake-out of tilt casting (filter) 4 (local exhaust hood) 5 (general exhaust) 6 Exhaust of core storage and core making tables 7 Amine scrubber 8 Core shake-out of pipe casting (filter)

27 Measuring points APPENDIX 9 2/3 MP1. Die casting MP2. Tilt casting (Penta) MP3. Core shake-out of tilt casting (filter) MP4. (local exhaust hood) MP5. (general exhaust roaf fan) MP6. Exhaust of core storage and core making tables

28 Measuring points APPENDIX 9 3/3 MP7. Amine scrubber (CB cabines) (clean gas outlet) MP7. Amine scrubber (raw gas) MP8. Core shake-out of pipe casting (filter)

29 BTEX compounds defined in adsorption samples APPENDIX 10 1/1 Measuring points Die casting Tilt casting (Penta) Core shake-out of swing casting (Penta, filter) (local exhaust (general exhaust roaf Exhaust of core storage and core making tables Amine scrubber (clean gas) Core shake-out of pipe casting (filter) hood) fan) MP1 MP2 MP3 MP4 MP5 MP6 MP7 MP8 Date Time started 16:46:15 14:45:40 18:16:44 12:06:30 10:06:48 13:00:00 11:11:55 18:40:38 Time finished 18:04:50 16:55:19 20:18:20 14:45:00 11:36:39 13:55:40 12:46:05 20:56:19 Flow rate Nm³/h * Concentration Benzene mg/nm³ <0,16 <0,09 <0,11 <0,07 <0,13 <0,20 <0,12 <0,08 Toluene mg/nm³ <0,16 <0,09 <0,11 <0,07 <0,13 <0,20 <0,12 <0,08 Ethylbenzene mg/nm³ <0,08 <0,04 <0,05 <0,04 <0,06 <0,10 <0,06 <0,04 Xylene mg/nm³ <0,16 <0,09 <0,11 <0,07 <0,13 <0,20 <0,12 <0,08 Naphthalene mg/nm³ <0,25 <0,13 <0,16 <0,11 <0,19 <0,31 <0,18 <0,12 Total BTEXN mg/nm³ 0,82 0,44 0,53 0,37 0,63 1,0 0,60 0,42 Total hourly emission kg/h 0,003 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,003 0,01 0,01 0,01 Maximus uncertainty of results Concentration % ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 ±15 Flow rate % ±10 ±5 ±5 ±10 ±5 ±5 ±5 Emission % ±25 ±20 ±20 ±25 ±15 ±20 ±20 ±20 * Flow rate is based on information from manufacturer.