Global Climate Change: Evidence and Causes
|
|
- Warren Park
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Global Climate Change: Evidence and Causes Maureen Knabb 1, Tim Lutz 2, and Win Fairchild 1 Department of Biology 1 and Department of Geology 2 West Chester University CQ#1: Based on your current knowledge, which statement is closest to your thoughts about the scientific evidence for global climate change? A. There is no evidence; it s a scare tactic promoted by environmentalists and some politicians. B. There is evidence for climate change, but no evidence that human activities are involved. C. There is some evidence that humans are having an effect on climate. D. The evidence is clear that humans are significantly affecting climate. 2 CQ#2: Based on your current knowledge, which statement is closest to your thoughts about the consequences for humans of global climate change? A. The effects of climate change, if any, will be small compared to natural changes that have occurred before. B. The effects of climate change will be minor except in poor, less developed countries. C. Climate change will significantly affect many countries. D. The effects of climate change will be catastrophic around the world. Imagine that You are an intern working with a U.S. Senator who is required to make important decisions about legislation designed to limit the impacts of global climate change. 3 4 Your job is to help the Senator ü Understand the science behind climate change. What is climate? Climate refers to time and space patterns of precipitation, temperature, and wind. For example, temperature and precipitation differ across the United States. ü Appreciate the impact of global climate change. ü Assess the effects of human activities on global climate change
2 What is climate change? Climate change occurs when the patterns change in time (e.g., winter months get warmer) and space (e.g., monsoon rains occur further south). Suppose winter in Pennsylvania began to look like winter in Florida? Why is studying climate change a scientific challenge? Climate changes naturally on a range of timescales, from decadal (10 s of years), centennial (100 s of years), millennial (1000 s of years), and longer (glacial cycles, e.g. Ice Ages). Climate changes naturally on a range of spatial scales, from local and regional to global. 7 8 Why should we be interested in climate change? Climate determines the type and location of human-managed ecosystems, such as agricultural farmlands. Climate affects the weathering of rock, the type of soil that forms, and the rate of soil formation. Why should we be interested in climate change? Climate helps to determine the quantity and quality of water available for human use. Climate determines the severity of droughts, storms, and floods Why should we be interested in climate change? Climate largely determines the nature and locations of biomes (major terrestrial ecosystems, defined based on their plant communities). Example: A prediction of climate change for eastern PA. By the end of this century Philadelphia, PA, could have the climate that Savanna, GA, has now. 11 CQ#3. If Pennsylvania s current climate (9 C, 105 cm) becomes more typical of southern Georgia or northern Florida (19.5 C, 133 cm), the prevailing forest may be most similar to: A. Temperate deciduous forest. B. Woodland shrubland. C. Tropical seasonal forest. D. Temperate rain forest. E. Taiga. 12 2
3 How do we study climate? Air bubbles in ice cores retain atmospheric gases present when the ice was formed. CO 2 measured continuously at Mauna Loa Observatory since 1958 has provided strong evidence for atmospheric change. Annual tree rings not only indicate tree age, the ring width indicates growth spurts due to warmer temperature At what rate have global surface temperatures changed over the last 30 years? At what rate did global temperatures change during the warming period following major ice ages? Interglacials B A B: 0.6 C/30 years= 0.02 C/yr B A Ice Ages A A B: 12 C/9700 years = C/yr Why do times of glaciation occur episodically on Earth? Climate results from a balance between the rate at which energy arrives at and leaves Earth Systematic changes in the distance and orientation of Earth relative to the Sun are thought to account for glacial cycles. CQ#4: What should the Senator know about changes in Earth s temperature in recent decades? A. There is no evidence for a systematic temperature change. B. Earth is moving in the direction of a major glaciation. C. The change is small compared to a glacial cycle, but temperature is increasing at a high rate. D. The change is already larger than any to have occurred in Earth s past
4 Long-term variation of temperature and of CO 2 in air bubbles preserved in the Vostok ice core CQ#5: The ice core shows that temperature and CO 2 were correlated in the past. The graph suggests that: 19 A. The correlation is too rough to be meaningful. B. CO 2 caused temperature to change. C. Temperature caused CO 2 to change. D. A mechanism needs to be found to explain the correlation. 20 CO 2 and energy in the atmosphere The Earth s surface absorbs solar radiation, and reradiates it as heat. CO 2 and other greenhouse gases (GHG) reduce the rate at which this heat can escape into space. The more GHG, the higher the global temperature. This role of CO 2 and other GHG has been understood for over a century. 21 CQ#6: What should the Senator know about the effect of CO 2 in the atmosphere on climate? A. In the past, changes in CO 2 have been associated with large swings in Earth s climate. B. Increased levels of CO 2 in the atmosphere are correlated with increased temperature. C. The greenhouse effect explains why climate can be affected by CO 2. D. All of the above. 22 Glacial cycles were very large naturally-occurring changes in global climate that occurred over hundreds of thousands of years. Why are we worried about rapid climate change now? CO 2 in the Vostok core (blue), other ice cores (yellow, green), and measurements since 1958 (red). When did CO 2 and other GHG begin to increase? Detailed analysis of ice cores and measurements shows: 23 CO 2, CH 4, and N 2 O changed slowly after the end of the last Ice Age, but began to increase rapidly about 200 years ago. 24 4
5 How much does each GHG contribute to climate change? Energy retention in the atmosphere depends on the abundance and effectiveness of the GHG. The diagram shows how much each gas contributed to warming from 1750 to 2005 (termed radiative forcing). CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O 25 CQ#7: What should the Senator know about the role of CO 2 as a cause of recent warming? A. Although CO 2 has been increasing, other GHG have not. B. Levels of CO 2 and other GHG have been increasing steadily over thousands of years. C. All GHG began to increase in the last 200 years but don t yet exceed normal interglacial levels. D. Levels of CO 2 and other GHG began to increase more rapidly about 200 years ago and are now higher than they have been in hundreds of thousands of years. 26 CO 2 and other GHG vary naturally. Why are humans thought to affect GHG, and thus climate? Human activities including land use change (agriculture, deforestation), fossil fuel use (coal, oil, natural gas), and cement production are known to release CO 2 and other GHG. Why do we think that CO 2 released by human activities is causing the increase in the atmosphere? Seasonal cycles in CO 2 result from photosynthesis and respiration. Such short-term flows of carbon cannot explain the upward trend The trend has to result from carbon that has been stored for long periods of time, such as in fossil fuels and soils Is all of the human-caused CO 2 in the atmosphere? Only about 50% of the increased CO 2 stays in the atmosphere. The rest is absorbed by the oceans and other sinks. Is all of the human-caused CO 2 in the atmosphere? CO 2 dissolved in the oceans is forming extra carbonic acid which is causing a decline in ph and other ecosystem problems
6 CQ#8: The Senator should know that scientists conclude that: A. Fossil fuel burning is the only source of human-caused CO 2 emissions. B. CO 2 emissions from a range of human activities are causing the increase in the atmosphere as well as acidifying the oceans. C. The increase of CO 2 in the atmosphere results from natural processes in the biosphere. D. Scientists don t know how much CO 2 is emitted or where it goes. Could factors other than human-caused GHG emissions be changing earth s climate? Other factors that can influence climate include: Variations in the Sun s output of energy. Dust and gases from volcanic eruptions How can scientists decide which factors are actually responsible for climate change? Scientists model both human and natural factors to determine which best explain the observed climate changes. Do the models prove that humans are causing climate change? Models cannot prove that humans are involved; however, they show that the changes observed so far are consistent with human causes. Models do not account for some complexities of climate, such as the feedback effects of water vapor and cloud formation. Both natural and human factors are needed to explain the climate change that has already happened. Human factors are particularly important in explaining the Scientists consider the models sufficient to say that it is very likely (>90% probability) that the climate change observed in the last 50 years is not a result of natural effects alone. rapid temperature increase in the last three decades CQ#9: What should the Senator know about human involvement with climate change? A. Humans are definitely causing climate change. B. Human involvement in climate change, particularly recent warming, is probable. C. Models of climate are so incomplete that no conclusions can be drawn. CQ#10: Based on your NEW knowledge, which statement is closest to your thoughts about the scientific evidence for global climate change? A. There is no evidence; it s a scare tactic promoted by environmentalists and some politicians. B. There is evidence for climate change, but no evidence that human activities are involved. C. There is some evidence that humans are having an effect on climate. D. The evidence is clear that humans are significantly affecting climate
7 Slide Credits Slide 4 Description: The United States Capitol Building in Washington DC, framed with the Supreme Court columns. Author: Michael Shake Source: Dreamstime.com, ID: Clearance: Licensed royalty free. Slide 6 Description: Climate map for the U.S. Source: Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), United States Department of Agriculture. Link: Clearance: As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image is in the public domain (17 U.S.C. 101 and 105). Slide 7 Left Description: Pennsylvania in winter. Author: User:Ruhrfisch Source: Modified from Wikimedia Commons, Clearance: Licensed in accordance with Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported. Slide 7 Right Description: Florida in winter. Author: WV-Mike Source: Modified from Wikimedia Commons, File:Saw_palmetto_Serenoa_repens_and_Oak_Forest_at_Edward_Ball_Wakulla_Springs_State_Park_in_Florida.jpg Clearance: Licensed in accordance with Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported. Slide 9 Left Description: Farmland in Niger river delta region. Author:,ازرق Radosław Botev Source: Modified from Wikimedia Commons, Clearance: Licensed in accordance with Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic. Slide 9 Right Description: Terraced rice paddy in Vietnam. Author: AJ Oswald Source: Modified from Wikimedia Commons, Clearance: Licensed in accordance with Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic. Slide 10 Left Description: Drought scene in Australia. Author: Peripitus Source: Modified from Wikimedia Commons, Clearance: Licensed in accordance with Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported. Slide 10 Right Description: Flood on the Stillaguamish River, Washington, U.S. Author: Walter Siegmund Source: Modified from Wikimedia Commons, Clearance: Licensed in accordance with Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported. Slide 11 Description: Climate change for Eastern PA Source: Right panel (Eastern Pennsylvania) of Figure 2 (Migrating Climates) in Climate Change Impacts and Solutions for Pennsylvania: How Today s Actions Shape the State s Future, Union of Concerned Scientists, 2008, available at assets/documents/climatechoices/exec-summary_climate-change-in-pennsylvania.pdf. Clearance: Used with permission from Union of Concerned Scientists. Slide 12 and Slide 13 Description: Temperature, precipitation and terrestrial biomes. Source: Originally from R.H. Whitaker Communities and Ecosystems, 1975; redrawn and modified after R.E. Ricklefs The Economy of Nature, Clearance: NCCSTS Slide 14 Left top Description: Deep ice core sheathed in protective netting at WAIS (West Antarctic Ice sheet) Divide field camp. Author: Chad Naughton (National Science Foundation) Source: exact source Clearance: This image is a work of a National Science Foundation employee, taken or made during the course of the person s official duties. As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image is in the public domain. Clearance: Used in accordance with terms of use on Slide 14 Right Description: The Scripps Institution of Oceanography (Keeling) carbon dioxide analyzer at NOAA s Mauna Loa Observatory. Source: NOAA Celebrates 200 Years of Science, Service, and Stewardship; exact source Clearance: This image is a work of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image is in the public domain. Slide 14 Left bottom Description: Tree rings seen in a cross section of a trunk of a tree. Author: Arnoldius Source: exact source Clearance: Licensed in accordance with Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic. Slide 15 Description: Graph of annual temperature change. Source: Data from Jones, P.D., D.E. Parker, T.J. Osborn, and K.R. Briffa Global and hemispheric temperature anomalies land and marine instrumental records. In Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. Link: Slide 16 Description: Long-term changes in temperature derived from isotopes in the Vostok ice core. Source: Temperature data from: Petit, J.R., D. Raynaud, C. Lorius, J. Jouzel, G. Delaygue, N.I. Barkov, and V.M. Kotlyakov Historical isotopic temperature record from the Vostok ice core. In Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. Slide 17 Description: Milankovitch cycles, the pace makers of ice ages. Author: Hannes Grobe, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research. Source: Wikimedia Commons, Clearance: Licensed in accordance with Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic. Slide 19 Description: Long-term variation of temperature and of CO2 in air bubbles preserved in the Vostok ice core. Source: CO2 data from Barnola, J.-M., D. Raynaud, C. Lorius, and N.I. Barkov Historical CO2 record from the Vostok ice core. In Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. Concentrations are in parts per million by volume (ppmv). Slide 20 Description: Temperature and CO2 correlation in the ice core. Source: CO2 data from Barnola, J.-M., D. Raynaud, C. Lorius, and N.I. Barkov Historical CO2 record from the Vostok ice core. In Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. Slide 21 Description: Greenhouse gas effects. Author: Figure created by Robert A. Rohde from published data and is part of the Global Warming Art project. Source: Wikimedia Commons, Clearance: Licensed in accordance with Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.5 Generic. Slide 23 Description: CO2 levels from 450,000 year ago to the present. Source: Measurements (1958 through 2008) are from Mauna Loa as reported by Pieter Tans of NOAA ( trends/). Other ice core data from: (1) Neftel, A., H. Friedli, E. Moor, H. Lötscher, H. Oeschger, U. Siegenthaler, and B. Stauffer Historical CO2 record from the Siple Station ice core. In Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. (2) D.M. Etheridge, L.P. Steele, R.L. Langenfelds, R.J. Francey, J.-M. Barnola and V.I. Morgan Historical CO2 records from the Law Dome DE08, DE08-2, and DSS ice cores. In Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. Slide 24 Description: Increase in CO2 and other GHG over the last 2000 years. Source: FAQ 2.1, Figure 1 in: Forster, P., V. Ramaswamy, P. Artaxo, T. Berntsen, R. Betts, D.W. Fahey, J. Haywood, J. Lean, D.C. Lowe, G. Myhre, J. Nganga, R. Prinn, G. Raga, M. Schulz and R. Van Dorland, 2007: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Link: Clearance: Used in accordance with terms of use on Slide 25 Description: Contribution of GHG to climate change. Source: Diagram constructed from data in: Forster, P., V. Ramaswamy, P. Artaxo, T. Berntsen, R. Betts, D.W. Fahey, J. Haywood, J. Lean, D.C. Lowe, G. Myhre, J. Nganga, R. Prinn, G. Raga, M. Schulz and R. Van Dorland, 2007: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Link: Slide 27 Description: Human activities and carbon emissions worldwide. Source: Fossil fuel-related emissions + cement production from: (1) Marland, G., T.A. Boden, and R.J. Andres Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions. In Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. (2) Land use-related emissions from: Houghton, R.A Carbon Flux to the Atmosphere from Land-Use Changes: In Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. Links: (1) (2) Slide 28 Description: Yearly fluctuations in CO2 over the last 10 years. Source: Measurements are from Mauna Loa as reported by Pieter Tans of NOAA. Link: Slide 29 Description: Carbon sources and sinks Source: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Link: Slide 30 Description: Carbon sources and sinks Source: Modified from a figure at NOAA/PMEL Ocean Acidification Home Page, Clearance: A figure of DOC / NOAA / OAR / PMEL Slide 33 Description: Graphs from IPCC report. Source: Bottom panels of Figure SPM.4, p. 11. IPCC, 2007: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Link: 7
Global Climate Change: Evidence and Causes
Global Climate Change: Evidence and Causes Maureen Knabb 1, Tim Lutz 2, and Win Fairchild 1 Department of Biology 1 and Department of Geology 2 West Chester University CQ#1: Based on your current knowledge,
More informationGlobal Climate Change: Evidence and Causes
Global Climate Change: Evidence and Causes Maureen Knabb 1, Tim Lutz 2, and Win Fairchild 1 Department of Biology 1 and Department of Geology 2 West Chester University CQ#1: Based on your current knowledge,
More informationChanging? What Is Climate and How Is It. You have probably seen or heard
What Is Climate and How Is It Changing? Photo by Jesse Stanley Student Reading 1 Exit Glacier in Alaska has receded significantly in the last century. Photo by Jesse Stanley You have probably seen or heard
More informationAtmospheric methane concentrations and the link to warming arctic permafrost
Atmospheric methane concentrations and the link to warming arctic permafrost Northern Manitoba, Natural Resources Canada Morgan Farley-Chrust April 8, 2010 U of U Atmospheric Science Outline Why is Methane
More informationCarbon Dioxide and Global Warming Case Study
Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming Case Study Key Concepts: Greenhouse Gas Carbon dioxide El Niño Global warming Greenhouse effect Greenhouse gas La Niña Land use Methane Nitrous oxide Radiative forcing
More informationAtmosphere, the Water Cycle and Climate Change
Atmosphere, the Water Cycle and Climate Change OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography 16 April 2013 (Based on previous lectures by Barry Huebert) 2013 F.J. Sansone 1. The water cycle Outline 2. Climate and climate-change
More informationModel Documentation: Chalmers Climate Calculator (CCC)
Model Documentation: Chalmers Climate Calculator (CCC) Model development: Christian Azar, Daniel Johansson Data collection: Christian Azar, Paulina Essunger, Daniel Johansson Web interface: Claes Andersson
More informationLecture 27: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change
Lecture 27: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change 1. Radiative Forcing In an unperturbed state, the net incoming solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere (Sn) must be balanced by the outgoing longwave
More informationGreenhouse Effect. The Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Effect The Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse gases let short-wavelength radiation come into the Earth s atmosphere from the sun. However, they absorb and re-radiate Earth s long-wavelength radiation
More informationIn this activity we are going to discuss the difference between weather and
This protocol is meant to augment a 9 th grade Earth Science class, in the atmospheric section of the curriculum. Weather vs. Climate In this activity we are going to discuss the difference between weather
More informationLecture 28: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change
Lecture 28: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change 1. Radiative Forcing In an unperturbed state, the net incoming solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere (Sn) must be balanced by the outgoing longwave
More informationPhysics 100 Lecture 17. The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming April 2, 2018
1 Physics 100 Lecture 17 The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming April 2, 2018 2 Class Quiz Ch. 7: Suppose your car burned bituminous coal instead of gasoline. How much coal would provide the same energy
More informationLecture 11: Global Warming. Human Acticities. Natural Climate Changes. Global Warming: Natural or Man-Made CO 2 CH 4
Lecture 11: Global Warming Human Acticities CO 2 CH 4 The initial appearance of human species: last 100,000 to 200,000 years Development of the first civilization: the last 10,000 years What is the sensitivity
More informationClimate Change Science: What We Know
Climate Change Science: What We Know by Lydia Olander, Rob Jackson, Gabi Hegerl, and Nicole St.Clair March 2007 What We Know 1. Scientists first described how accumulating carbon dioxide levels would raise
More informationIDS 102 The Greenhouse Effect Part II- The Data Trace Gases in the Atmosphere & Global Climate Change
IDS 102 The Greenhouse Effect Part II- The Data Trace Gases in the Atmosphere & Global Climate Change Background & History of Earth s Atmosphere: The primary gases in Earth s atmosphere are 78% nitrogen,
More informationPHY392S Physics of Climate. Lecture 1. Introduction
PHY392S Physics of Climate Lecture 1 Introduction Slides based on material from Prof. K. Strong PHY392S - Physics of Climate Lecture 1, Page 1 Some Definitions Weather the fluctuating state of the atmosphere
More informationThe Science of Climate Change April Charter for Compassion
The Science of Climate Change April 2016 Charter for Compassion David Poister Professor of Chemistry and Environmental Science St. Norbert College http://visibleearth.nasa.gov The Science The Response
More informationA Changing Climate Globally and in the Great Lakes (Lesson 1)
A Changing Climate Globally and in the Great Lakes (Lesson 1) Subject/ target grade: Science/High School (10 th Grade) Duration: 1 period for 55 minutes. Setting: Classroom. Materials and Equipment Needed:
More informationATM S 211 Final Examination June 4, 2007
ATM S 211 Final Examination June 4, 2007 Name This examination consists of a total of 100 points. In each of the first two sections, you have a choice of which questions to answer. Please note that you
More informationThe Carbon Cycle: What Goes Around Comes Around
Earth Cycles The Carbon Cycle: What Goes Around Comes Around by John Harrison, Ph.D. Did you know? Did you know that scientists have been able to study climate data from hundreds of thousands of years
More informationIs the Climate Changing? Is the Climate Changing? Is the Climate Changing? Is the Climate Changing? 12/13/2016. Yes!
1 2 3 Yes! 4 Yes! But Earth's climate is always changing! 5 Yes! But Earth's climate is always changing! 6 Throughout its 4.5 billion year history, Earth's climate has alternated between periods of warmth
More informationWHY METHANE MATTERS written by: Matt de la Houssaye and Rebecca Miller
why METHANE MATTERS WHY METHANE MATTERS written by: Matt de la Houssaye and Rebecca Miller By the end of this century, global average temperatures are estimated to increase between 1.5 C and 4.5 C relative
More informationChapter 19 Global Change. Wednesday, April 18, 18
Chapter 19 Global Change Module 62 Global Climate Change and the Greenhouse Effect After reading this module you should be able to distinguish among global change, global climate change, and global warming.
More informationHow Do Scientists Analyze Greenhouse Gases and Global Temperature Data Over Time?
Reprinted with permission from Global Climate - Past, Present, and Future, S. Henderson, et al (Eds.), EPA Report No. EPA/600/R-93/126, pp. 77-89, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
More informationLIVING IN THE ENVIRONMENT, 18e G. TYLER MILLER SCOTT E. SPOOLMAN. Climate Disruption. Cengage Learning 2015
LIVING IN THE ENVIRONMENT, 18e G. TYLER MILLER SCOTT E. SPOOLMAN 19 Climate Disruption 19-1 How Is the Earth s Climate Changing? Considerable scientific evidence indicates that the earth s atmosphere is
More informationOutline. What is Climate? Causes of Climate Change. Greenhouse Gases. Impacts of Climate Change. Physical. Ecological. Societal
CLIMATE CHANGE Outline What is Climate? Causes of Climate Change Greenhouse Gases Impacts of Climate Change Physical Ecological Societal International Environmental Policy U.S. Environmental Policy What
More informationGlobal CO 2 and Climate Change
Global CO 2 and Climate Change A deeper look at the carbon dioxide cycle, greenhouse gases, and oceanic processes over the last 200 years OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography 17 April 2018 Reading: Libes, Chapter
More informationGlobal Warming Science Solar Radiation
SUN Ozone and Oxygen absorb 190-290 nm. Latent heat from the surface (evaporation/ condensation) Global Warming Science Solar Radiation Turbulent heat from the surface (convection) Some infrared radiation
More informationBasics of Sustainability. Climate Change
Basics of Sustainability 2 Climate Change 1 Contents Page Aims. 2 Introduction. 3 Causes of Climate Change: Natural and Human Influences. 3 The Impacts of Climate Change.. 4 Mitigating Climate Change...
More informationAnnouncements. Homework 7 - due today Homework 8 - paper 2 topics, questions and sources due Tuesday, Nov. 13 Midterm Paper 2 - due Tuesday, Nov.
Tuesday, November 6th. Announcements. Homework 7 - due today Homework 8 - paper 2 topics, questions and sources due Tuesday, Nov. 13 Midterm Paper 2 - due Tuesday, Nov. 20 Lecture #17-1 For next week..homework
More informationEssentials of Oceanography Eleventh Edition
Chapter Chapter 1 16 Clickers Lecture Essentials of Oceanography Eleventh Edition The Oceans and Climate Change Alan P. Trujillo Harold V. Thurman Chapter Overview Humans are adding greenhouse gases to
More informationWhat is the carbon cycle?
What is the carbon cycle? By NASA Earth Observatory, adapted by Newsela staff on 03.29.17 Word Count 1,454 Carbon is both the foundation of all life on Earth and the source of the majority of energy consumed
More informationGlobal Climate Change: Impact and Remediation. Maureen Knabb 1 and Tim Lutz 2 West Chester University Department of Biology 1 and Geology 2
Global Climate Change: Impact and Remediation Maureen Knabb 1 and Tim Lutz 2 West Chester University Department of Biology 1 and Geology 2 1 CQ#1: Based on your current knowledge, which statement is closest
More informationRecent Greenhouse Gas Concentrations
1 of 5 10/15/2009 5:02 PM Recent Greenhouse Gas Concentrations T.J. Blasing DOI: 10.3334/CDIAC/atg.032 Updated July 2009 Gases typically measured in parts per million (ppm), parts per billion (ppb) or
More informationChapter 4, sec. 1 Prentice Hall Biology Book p (This material is similar to Ch.17, sec.3 in our book)
Chapter 4, sec. 1 Prentice Hall Biology Book p.87-89 (This material is similar to Ch.17, sec.3 in our book) Term Definition Weather Day-to-day condition of earth s atmosphere at a particular time and place
More informationClimate Change. Some solar radiation is reflected by Earth and the atmosphere. Earth s Surface
Q& A n The Basics of Greenhouse gases affect Earth s energy balance and climate The Sun serves as the primary energy source for Earth s climate. Some of the incoming sunlight is reflected directly back
More informationCHAPTER 16 Oceans & Climate Change Chapter Overview Earth s Climate System Earth s Climate System Earth s Climate System Earth s Climate System
1 CHAPTER 16 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Oceans & Climate Change Chapter Overview Humans are adding greenhouse gases to Earth s atmosphere. Climate change will cause many severe problems in the ocean environment.
More informationFeedback loops modify atmospheric processes
Chapter Overview CHAPTER 16 Oceans & Climate Change Humans are adding greenhouse gases to Earth s atmosphere. Climate change will cause many severe problems in the ocean environment. It is necessary to
More informationHigh School Climate Science Curriculum Course learning goals. October 2011
1 High School Climate Science Curriculum Course learning goals October 2011 Current Climate 1. Earth climate is determined by a balance between absorbed sunlight and emitted infrared radiation. Because
More informationUnderstanding the Causes of Global Climate Change
FACT SHEET I: Attribution Environment Understanding the Causes of Global Climate Change Average air temperatures at the Earth s surface have increased by approximately 0.6 o C (1 o F) over the 20 th century.
More informationScott A. Mandia, Professor Physical Sciences
Scott A. Mandia, Professor Physical Sciences Sediments (pollen, shells, etc.) Ice (Sintering: trapped gases) Corals Trees 18 O is heavier it has two more neutrons Evaporation leaves behind 18 O in ocean
More informationHow Do Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in the Atmosphere Affect Global Climate?
Activity 5 How Do Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in the Atmosphere Affect Global Climate? Goals In this activity you will: Compare data to understand the relationship of carbon dioxide to global temperature.
More informationTERMS TO KNOW: Climate change:a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century
TERMS TO KNOW: Climate change:a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of
More informationWhat is the carbon cycle?
What is the carbon cycle? By NASA Earth Observatory, adapted by Newsela staff on 03.29.17 Word Count 1,160 Carbon is both the foundation of all life on Earth and the source of the majority of energy consumed
More informationGlobal warming. Models for global warming Sand analogy
8.10 Global warming Assessment statements 8.6.1 Describe some possible models of global warming. 8.6. State what is meant by the enhanced greenhouse effect. 8.6.3 Identify the increased combustion of fossil
More informationThe unnatural carbon dioxide cycle and oceanic processes over the last few hundred years. OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography
The unnatural carbon dioxide cycle and oceanic processes over the last few hundred years OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography In the 19th century, scientists realized that gases in the atmosphere cause a "greenhouse
More informationEnergy, Greenhouse Gases and the Carbon Cycle
Energy, Greenhouse Gases and the Carbon Cycle David Allen Gertz Regents Professor in Chemical Engineering, and Director, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources Concepts for today Greenhouse Effect
More informationWorking Group II: Climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability
Fact sheet: Climate change science The status of climate change science today United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Enough is known about the earth s climate system and the greenhouse effect
More informationHow Can Thermal Effects Be Explained?
How Can Thermal Effects Be Explained? Lesson 6, Part 3: Climate Science The Enhanced Greenhouse Effect The Earth will maintain equilibrium (constant stable temperature level) if the energy coming in is.
More informationLAB 18. Lab 18. Carbon Dioxide Levels in the Atmosphere: How Has the Concentration of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Changed Over Time?
LAB 18 Lab Handout Lab 18. Carbon Dioxide Levels in the Atmosphere: How Has the Concentration of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Changed Over Time? Introduction There has been a lot of discussion about climate
More informationClimate Change Frequently Asked Questions Scrambled Information Source: EPA Climate Change FAQ
Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions Scrambled Information Source: EPA Climate Change FAQ Instructions: The questions and answers below have been scrambled. Cut the answers and questions apart. Separate
More information1) The Changing Carbon Cycle
1) The Changing Carbon Cycle WG1 Chapter 6, figure 1 The numbers represent carbon reservoirs in Petagrams of Carbon (PgC; 10 15 gc) and the annual exchanges in PgC/year. The black numbers and arrows show
More informationWake Acceleration Academy Earth & Environmental Science: Semester B Note Guide Unit 2: Earth s Changing Climate
1 Wake Acceleration Academy Earth & Environmental Science: Semester B Note Guide Unit 2: Earth s Changing Extra Resources Website: http://waa-science.weebly.com Module 1: The Mechanics of Change 1. What
More informationToday. Events. Terrestrial Planet Climate. Homework DUE. Review next time. Exam next week
Today Terrestrial Planet Climate Events Homework DUE Review next time Exam next week Wonders of the Industrial Age From 1912 Weather and Climate Weather is the ever-varying combination of wind, clouds,
More informationSession 14 Unit VI CLIMATIC CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING
Session 14 Unit VI CLIMATIC CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING Dr. H.S. Ramesh Professor of Environmental Engineering S.J. College of Engineering, Mysore 570 006 Carbon di-oxide is a natural constituent of atmosphere,
More informationWeather has always been a hot topic of conversation. We talk about whether it is hot or cold, windy or calm, snowy or dry. We listen to the radio to
Weather has always been a hot topic of conversation. We talk about whether it is hot or cold, windy or calm, snowy or dry. We listen to the radio to figure out if the weather will be different tomorrow.
More informationChapter Overview. Earth s Climate System. Earth s Climate System. Earth s Climate System. CHAPTER 16 The Oceans and Climate Change
Chapter Overview CHAPTER 16 The Oceans and Climate Humans are adding greenhouse gases to Earth s atmosphere. Climate change will cause many severe problems in the ocean environment. It is necessary to
More informationLAB National Science Teachers Association. Lab Handout. Introduction
LAB 22 Lab Handout Lab 22. Minimizing Carbon Emissions: What Type of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Policy Will Different Regions of the World Need to Adopt to Prevent the Average Global Surface Temperature
More informationGeopolitics of Energy and Climate Change
Geopolitics of Energy and Climate Change Marilyn A. Brown Brook Byers Professor of Sustainable Systems School of Public Policy Georgia Institute of Technology Great Decision Series February 9, 2017 1 Why
More informationAnnouncements Lab Finals Today 3:00p-4:50p in 3820 Geology
EPSS 15: Introduction to Oceanography Lecture27: Climate Change Movie of minimum N. Pole sea ice extent from 1979 2016. Sept. 16, 2012 Lowest area ever recorded (3 million km 2 ). Movie by Starr et al.,
More informationUnderstanding Past Climates. Questions about changing climate. Announcements Lab Finals Today 3:00p-4:50p in 3820 Geology
EPSS 15: Introduction to Oceanography Lecture27: Climate Change Movie of minimum N. Pole sea ice extent from 1979 2016. Sept. 16, 2012 Lowest area ever recorded (3 million km 2 ). Movie by Starr et al.,
More informationENVIS- IITM NEWSLETTER The Air Quality: A Global Challenge
ENVIS- IITM NEWSLETTER The Air Quality: A Global Challenge GLOBAL WARMING Editorial Prof. B.N. Goswami (Director, IITM, Pune) Dr. G. Beig (ENVIS Co-ordinetor) Ms. Neha S. Parkhi (Program Officer) Mr. Rajnikant
More informationGETTING TO THE CORE: THE LINK BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND CARBON DIOXIDE
DESCRIPTION This lesson plan gives students first-hand experience in analyzing the link between atmospheric temperatures and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations by looking at ice core data spanning hundreds
More informationGENERATING ELECTRICITY & THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
GENERATING ELECTRICITY & THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT How is electricity generated? Make electricity using: solenoid (coil of wire) wire with alligator clips magnet galvanometer Draw and label a diagram showing
More informationSummary for Policymakers Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
Summary for Policymakers Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis Robert Sausen DLR-Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Oberpfaffenhofen Guidance Notes for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fourth Assessment
More informationCritical thinking question for you:
Critical thinking question for you: http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/12/us/weather-cities-inundated-climatechange/index.html ATOC 4800 Policy Implications of Climate ATOC 5000/ENVS 5830 Critical Issues in Climate
More informationChapter 19 Global Change
Chapter 19 Global Change Global Change change - any chemical, biological or physical property change of the planet. Examples include cold temperatures causing ice ages. Global change - changes in the climate
More informationHonors Case Study Challenge Entry Form
Page1 HonorsCaseStudyChallengeEntryForm Areyousubmittingthisentryasanindividualchaptermemberorasa chapter? IndividualMemberEntry x ChapterEntry Pleasefilloutthecorrespondingentryfieldsbelow. IndividualMemberEntryInformation
More information4.4 CLIMATE CHANGE. Concentrations of gases in the atmosphere affect climates experiences at the Earth s surface
4.4 CLIMATE CHANGE Concentrations of gases in the atmosphere affect climates experiences at the Earth s surface Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Carbon dioxide and water vapour are the most significant greenhouse
More information1. The diagram below shows a greenhouse.
1. The diagram below shows a greenhouse. 5. A gradual increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide would warm Earth s because carbon dioxide is a A) poor reflector of ultraviolet radiation B) good reflector
More information4/19/2011. Chapter The Greenhouse Effect. 4.1 The Greenhouse Effect
Chapter 4 Life in the Greenhouse Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, and Global Warming PowerPoint lecture prepared by Steve McCommas Southern Illinois State University Sunlight warms the surface of
More informationChapter 19 Global Change
Chapter 19 Global Change Global Change Global change- any chemical, biological or physical property change of the planet. Examples include cold temperatures causing ice ages. Global climate change-changes
More informationGlobal Warming and Climate Change
Global Warming and Climate Change 1800s: Scientists knew that: If the earth were a bare, airless rock, the surface would be much colder than it actually is. Why? Tens of thousands of years ago, thick layers
More informationEducation A Poker Chip Model of Global
Education A Poker Chip Model of Global and Outreach Carbon Pools and Fluxes Overview: This two-day activity helps students visualize and model a commonly published diagram of global carbon pools and fluxes.
More information2.2 - Nutrient Cycles. Carbon Cycle
2.2 - Nutrient Cycles Carbon Cycle Nutrients What are nutrients? Chemicals (C,O, N, P, H...) needed for life There is a constant amount of these nutrients on Earth and they are stored in different places.
More informationCLIMATE CHANGE AND ACID RAIN. Mr. Banks 7 th Grade Science
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ACID RAIN Mr. Banks 7 th Grade Science COMPOSITION OF AIR? COMPOSITION OF AIR? 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 0.93% Argon and other noble gases 0.04% carbon dioxide Variable amounts of water
More informationClimate Change, Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols
Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols J Srinivasan J Srinivasan is a Professor at the Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. He was a lead author
More informationCarbon Sequestration, Its Methods and Significance
K. Dhanwantri 1, P. Sharma 2, S. Mehta 3, P. Prakash 4 1, 2, 3, 4 Amity School of Architecture and Planning, Amity University Haryana Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India ABSTRACT Carbon sequestration is the
More informationA topic of the times. Climate Change & Global Warming. Do we notice Global Warming? How do we find the facts? Proxies
A topic of the times Climate Change & Global Warming Courtesy IPCC 1 2 Do we notice Global Warming? Aberdeen mean temps Jan 1996-15th Feb 2003 20.00 15.00 Degrees Celsius Daily events don t show up global
More informationClimate Change & Global Warming. Courtesy IPCC
Climate Change & Global Warming Courtesy IPCC 1 A topic of the times 2 3 Do we notice Global Warming? Daily events don t show up global warming Degrees Celsius Aberdeen mean temps Jan 1996-15th Feb 2003
More informationRadiative Forcing and
Radiative Forcing and Feedbacks in Climate Change Júlio C. S. Chagas Entrenamiento en Modelado Numérico de Escenarios de Cambios Climáticos Cachoeira Paulista, 30 de Agosto 4 de Septiembre de 2009. Definitions
More informationPeople, Oceans and Climate Change
People, Oceans and Climate Change A deeper look at the carbon dioxide cycle, greenhouse gases, and oceanic processes over the last 150 years OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography 18 April 2013 Reading: Libes,
More informationClimate Change and the Campus. Contents. Welcome. iii. Introduction: A Word about Scientific Knowledge. Section 1: What Is Climate Change?
Climate Change and the Campus Contents iii v 1 5 17 29 Welcome Introduction: A Word about Scientific Knowledge Section 1: What Is Climate Change? Section 2: The Consequences of Climate Change Section 3:
More informationCLIMATE CHANGE. Dr. Prue Griffiths. 1 May 2008
CLIMATE CHANGE Dr. Prue Griffiths 1 May 2008 Part 1 Good morning and welcome to our lecture this morning on Climate Change. I understand that you have perhaps been doing a little bit of reading about this
More informationFigure 1 CO2 Levels vs. Volcanic Activity
Figure 1 CO2 Levels vs. Volcanic Activity Note: Stratospheric Optical Thickness is the measure of aerosols (e.g., urban haze, smoke particles, desert dust, sea salt) distributed within a column of air
More informationHudson River Estuary Climate Change Lesson Project. Grades 5-8 Teacher s Packet. Lesson 8. Carbon Through the Seasons
Grades 5-8 Teacher s Packet Lesson 8 Carbon Through the Seasons Teacher s Packet 2 Carbon Through the Seasons NYS Intermediate Level Science Standard 1: Analysis, Inquiry and Design/Scientific Inquiry
More informationB1 Biogeochemical Systems
B1 Biogeochemical Systems Carbon Cycle What elements makes life possible? Carbon based life Key component of all known naturally occurring life on Earth Unique properties make it ideal for construction
More informationAtmospheric CO2: Causes of Variability
Atmospheric CO2: Causes of Variability Don Bogard, July 2018 Short-Term Variations. Changes to Atmos CO2 concentrations on short (years) time scales can be driven by temperature and environmental changes
More informationATOC 4800: Policy Implications of Climate ATOC 5000/ENVS5830: Critical Issues in Climate and the Environment Class Web Page:
ATOC 4800: Policy Implications of Climate ATOC 5000/ENVS5830: Critical Issues in Climate and the Environment Class Web Page: http://atoc.colorado.edu/~whan/atoc4800_5000 Announcements 1. No Exams and Extra-credits;
More informationClimate Change and Ozone Loss
Climate Change and Ozone Loss During the past 900,000 years, the earth has undergone a series of cold glacial periods followed by warmer interglacial periods. The past 10,000 years has been an interglacial
More informationIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report Andrea J. Ray, Ph.D. NOAA Earth Systems Research Lab & NOAA-CIRES Western Water Assessment Boulder, CO Andrea.Ray@noaa.gov http:/www.cdc.noaa.gov
More informationEnvironmental Science. Physics and Applications
Environmental Science 1 Environmental Science. Physics and Applications. Carbon Cycle Picture from the IPCC report on the environment. 4. Carbon cycle 4.1 Carbon cycle, introduction 4.2 The oceans 4.3
More informationWhy is carbon dioxide so important? Examining the evidence
Why is carbon dioxide so important? Examining the evidence In the light of new evidence and taking into account the remaining uncertainties, most of the observed warming over the last 50 years is likely
More informationESA-7. Climate Change A Brief Primer
ESA-7 Climate Change A Brief Primer Keywan Riahi riahi@iiasa.ac.at Energy Systems Analysis The IPCC Scientific body set up by WMO and UNEP Periodic Assessment Reports (AR5 in 2014) Hundreds of Scientists
More informationConcerns about Climate Change and Global Warming
1 Concerns about Climate Change and Global Warming 1.1 Introduction Climate is defined as the typical behavior of the atmosphere, the aggregation of the weather, and is generally expressed in terms of
More informationTOPIC # 16 GLOBAL WARMING & ANTHROPOGENIC FORCING
TOPIC # 16 GLOBAL WARMING & ANTHROPOGENIC FORCING TODAY s 3 KEY CONCEPTS: Carbon / Forests / Deforestation Computer Model Evidence for Anthropogenic GW Forcing Tying it all together w/ RADIATIVE FORCING
More informationWRAP- UP of TOPIC #14 on ANTHROPOGENIC GLOBAL WARMING
WRAP- UP of TOPIC #14 on ANTHROPOGENIC GLOBAL WARMING p 77 Energy Buildings Transport Industry Forestry Agriculture Waste TOPIC # 14, PART B: Evidence from Natural Archives Class Notes pp 78 KEY GRAPH!
More informationEstimated Global Temperature and Growth Rate since Estimated global mean temperature
1.1 Global Warming Estimated Global Temperature and Growth Rate since 1850 14.6 Estimated global mean temperature C 14.4 14.2 14.0 13.8 13.6 Period Years 25 50 100 150 Annual mean Smoothed series Growth
More informationChapter 19: Global Change
1 Summary Of the Case Study Polar Bear population in the Antarctic going down because temperatures are going up and melting the caps. Polar bears are losing their habitat, they also can t get their food
More informationThe Greenhouse Effect
Name: #: Date: 5.8 The Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect traps heat in the atmosphere. This helps the Earth remain warm enough for humans. Without the greenhouse effect, human would not be able to
More information