Rural Water Supply. This assessment is based on the following consultations, reports and field visits.

Transcription

1 Annex 6 Rural Water Supply Consultations and field Visits This assessment is based on the following consultations, reports and field visits. (a) Consultations: (i) a sectoral briefing on Rural Water Supply (RWS) from the Secretary, Water Supply, GOG and the senior officials of Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Board (GWSSB) and the Chief General Manager of the Gujarat Drinking Water Infrastructure Company Ltd. (a GOG company); (ii) a consultation workshop with NGOs involved in relief and rescue operations; (iii) consultation with UNICEF, WHO and other UN agencies involved in earthquake relief and assessment activities; and (iv) a detailed supplementary report 1 on RWSS containing the assessment of immediate and medium term needs that need to be addressed to bring back the water supply service to its pre-earthquake levels. (b) Field visits: A three-day visit was made to most affected parts of Kutch and Rajkot districts. The assessment team was accompanied by the Member Secretary and Chief Engineers of GWSSB. In the field, the team met with field staff of GWSSB (engineers, operators), village communities, and Gram Panchayat (GP) and Taluka Panchayat members as well as representatives of international voluntary agencies such as OXFAM. To carry out spot assessments of the damages that have occurred the mission visited the following sites. Intakes and water treatment plants at Morbi and Tappar dam; (ii) Village meetings : Chirai moti, Wandh, Adhoi, Maliya Miyana, Mahendragarh (iii) Towns passed through : Bhachau, Morbi (iv) Water supply schemes : Banni RWSS; Khirasara RWSS, Gandhidham surface water and Damage Assessment ground water schemes, Morbi-Maliya- Jodiya RWSS ( including Pipaliya pumping station) Drinking water systems have been affected in 1340 villages in 5 districts (Kutch, Rajkot, Jamnagar Banaskantha, and Surendranagar) of which some 1100 village systems have suffered severe damages. Systems in Banaskantha and Surendranagar have suffered minor damages. Water supply in Kutch is largely ground water based with only Tappar and Shivlakha dams providing surface water sources. Affected areas in Rajkot and Jamnagar receive water supply mainly from surface water (Machhu II dam) and from a few ground water schemes. Damage to Assets Total devastation has taken place in 5 talukas (Bhuj, Anjar, Bhachau, Gandhidham and Rapar) and 4 towns (Bhuj, Anjar, Bhachau and Rapar) and partial damages have occurred in other talukas and towns (Urban water supply and sanitation are covered in a separate Annex). Both the surface water schemes (dams, pumping stations, pipelines, water treatment plants), all 1 Supplementary information on water supply and Sanitation for the World Bank ADB Mission, February 2001 by GWSSB

2 the ground water based schemes (121 regional schemes covering 693 villages and 191 individual schemes) have been affected in varying degrees. Most severely damaged properties include: 2 dams, 2 water treatment plants, over 350 tubewells with pumping equipment and pump houses and pipelines of over 1500 km length of asbestos cement (AC)/PVC and reinforced cement concrete (RCC) material. The RCC underground tanks and Overhead Tanks (OHT), which were designed for seismic zone V, have largely withstood the earthquake impact whereas the masonry structures (pump houses, staff quarters, village level small tanks) have nearly all collapsed. Another major damage has been in terms of ruptures and dislocation of transmission pipelines resulting in excessive leakages. In the case of tubewells, the damages are in the form of caving in, casing pipe ruptures and disruption in gravel packing. Rajkot, Jamnagar, and Banaskantha: Major devastation is in Maliya taluka of Rajkot and Jodiya Taluka of Jamnagar district. There are partial damages in three talukas of Rajkot (Morvi, Tankara and Wankaner) and one taluka of Jamnagar (Dhrol) district. In Banaskantha, major damages are in Santalpur taluka. Most severely damaged water supply properties include: transmission pipelines, village level tanks and pump houses, staff quarters etc. The surface water sources including dams, intake structures and water treatment plants have suffered only minor damages. Other Impacts The water supply service to the village communities, town residents as well as sizable number of industries (Kerala Port Trust, Indian Oil, Fertilizer corporation) has substantially deteriorated in terms of quantity, quality and reliability. Since a large number of houses have collapsed they have also lost in-house water-receiving and storage facilities. They are therefore required to wait for long periods for arrival of tanker and water collection from tankers to their houses/ relief camps. Environmental sanitation has deteriorated and health and hygiene has suffered (refer separate annex on health aspects). The women are the most hit by the water supply disruption since they are the ones who have to collect water from the tankers as and when they arrive in the village. This is causing severe hardships to the people and adverse impact on industrial output. Provisional Damage Assessment Table in Rs. Crores ($ Million) Total Reconstruction with upgrade Asset Costs Public Private Rural Urban 234 (50.3) 0.0 (0.0) 194 (41.7) 40 (8.6) 447 (96.0) 0.00 (0.0) 371 (79.7) 76 (16.3) Imported Component 140 (30.0) # excludes temporary relief measures, TA and design & engineering cost shown in the table on page 47. Districtwise table in Rs. Crores ($ mmillion) Kutch Rajkot Jamnagar Banaskantha Total Damage to Assets 192 (41.3) 15 (3.20) 10 (2.15) 17 (3.65) 234 (50.3)

3 Needs (a) Immediate needs: GOG/GWSSB has taken the following steps to restore part of the services: use of over 450 tankers of capacity cum for supplying water to 550 villages and 14 towns; installation of 700 HDPE tanks of 5 Cum capacity, temporary installation of pumps, pipes and accessories, PVC cabins for pumps, and spot-disinfection of water. Mobile laboratories (10 nos.) are continuously on the move carrying out water quality surveillance, ensuring disinfection in tankers, temporary tanks and at supply points. The Health Department has distributed huge stocks of chlorine pills to the houses/ relief camps. The Army and Border Security Force as well as national and international voluntary agencies and some corporations have supplemented GOG efforts with tanker supply. Since January 26, GOG has incurred Rs crores ($2.5 million) to implement the above temporary measures and water supply is now available to all the villages, towns and industries, though with a much reduced supply level (about 30 % of the pre-earthquake supply). The temporary measures (tankers, tractors, diesel generating sets, etc.), will need to continue over the next nine months, though on a declining scale (estimated cost over nine months Rs. 20 crores ($4.3 million). (b) Medium-term needs: GOG/GWSSB have planned a range of medium term measures to provide sustainable and reliable drinking water supply to affected areas which can stand multi risk situations covering cyclones and earthquake. These measures are aimed at ensuring bulk water supply to 14 towns and bulk supply as well as internal distribution in all the affected 1300 villages (beneficiary population about 0.4 million urban and 0.7 million rural). This involves repairing/replacing damaged properties to achieve functional equivalence of the destroyed capital assets (tubewells and pumps, pipeline repairs) and, in some cases, their upgradation to mitigate higher risks (e.g., all civil works, pipelines, dams, water treatment plants). The strengthening of dams will be done in consultation with dam safety panel and Gujarat s Central Design Organization (water resources). For designing RCC structures, India has extensive expertise and well established codes of practices published by Bureau of Indian Standards and National Building Organization. These codes include the design requirements to withstand seismic and wind forces. These codes are already being used by GWSSB in designing OHTs and underground tanks and will be used for other structures to be built now. Where necessary, GWSSB will also seek expert opinion in designing replacement properties. In case of water supply pipelines, use of mild steel and ductile iron pipes will be considered, which would have more flexibility and strength to encounter earthquake impacts. Greater use of expansion joints, and thrust and anchor blocks will be ensured to minimize disruptions in pipeline alignments. It will be difficult to separate the monetary value of functional equivalent units from that of upgraded units. Long term measures for raising service standards and expansion/ extension of services have not been identified or included in this needs assessment. The possible medium term measures to be considered are: (a) (b) (c) (d) Tappar and Shivlakha surface water systems: replacement of intake structure, pumps, large pipelines and water treatment plant (Rs. 8.4 crores or $1.80 million); repairs/drilling of deep tubewells and pumping installations: about 400 Nos. (Rs crores or $4.75 million); Reconstruction of local distribution system and tanks in 1,300 villages (Rs. 49 crores or $10.58 million); replacing transmission pipelines of over 2000 km length by metallic pipes ( MS, DI) which are less susceptible to earthquake effects (Rs. 343 crores or $73.7 million)

4 (v) Other works such as pump houses, intermediate balancing tanks and pump houses (Rs. 24 crores or $5.17 million). Further details of the replacement works are in the attached table. Recovery Strategy GWSSB intends to adopt the following prioritization criteria for implementation of its RWSS recovery program (this includes bulk supply arrangements to 18 towns): Works that can be done within a period of six to nine months to restore as far as possible preearthquake service levels (benefits) to the maximum population. These are : repairs/drilling of bore wells, installing pumping equipment, village level works and priority transmission pipelines (Rs. 140 crores or about $30 million). Simultaneously start other works which might take between one and two years for completion. The design and construction of water supply schemes to towns and villages which may decide to relocate, will be taken up only after final decision on their relocation has been taken. The current estimates assume their in situ rehabilitation and reconstruction. Encourage NGOs/CBOs to assist village communities in planning and implementing village level works. Limit the above measures to rehabilitating/replacing the damaged properties to deliver preearthquake functional equivalence and not include further expansion or augmentation of water supply. Repairs and particularly replacements will be with materials and specifications designed for higher earthquake resistance, where this proves cost-effective and affordable following further detailed analysis. Institutional and Implementation Arrangements GWSSB will implement all water supply schemes except in-village water supply works which will be implemented by the local communities/gram Panchayat/NGOs, with technical support of GWSSB. GWSSB has a strong engineering cadre of over 1,200 engineers and has inhouse implementation capacity to implement this emergency program. It will use consultants as needed to supplement its own resources. Many of the large contracting firms (e.g., Larson and Toubro, Esaar projects, Dodsal) are already working with GWSSB for major projects. GWSSB regularly adopts pre-qualification and other procurement practices which are largely in line with standard guidelines. Third-party inspection and construction supervision is also practiced through reputed agencies like Engineers India Limited, SGS and Rail India Technical and Economic Services (RITES). GWSSB has set up a Community Management and Support Unit with assistance from the Government of Netherlands to ensure community consultation and participation in its RWSS programs. Gujarat has a number of large and capable NGOs who have extensive experience in social intermediation in RWSS and other development programs. GWSSB will seek their active support in implementing particularly in-village works of the emergency program.

5 Reconstruction and Project Cost Estimate Possible costs of reconstruction are set out in the table below. It is important to stress that these figures are highly provisional and should be subjected to further careful scrutiny. Sl. Kutch Rajkot Jamnagar Banaskatha Total No. Rs. crores US $ M Rs. crores US $ M Rs. crores US $ M Rs. crores US $ M Rs. crores US $ M 1 Temp.Measures Sub - Total RWS-regional RWS- individual Urban WSS (bulk supply only) Ground water recharge Sub - Total Technical assistance 6 Leak detec. Equip water Quality moni equipment, surveys hydrogeological studies Institutional Dev Sub-Total TOTAL 10 Design and 8 % of WS $1 = INR 46.5 Note: Reconstruction costs include items 2-8 only. * The investment cost estimates are based on prevailing market rates and recent bid values. The estimates follow closely with GWSSB estimate of Rs 298 crores ( $64 million) though some individual estimates were increased and some others decreased. Next steps Grand Total (a) (b) (c) (d) prepare detailed and accurate assessment of the rehabilitation/reconstruction program, implementation plan; prepare detailed engineering designs and cost estimates for all works; prepare model bid documents for each type of work; and prepare proposal contract packaging and procurement plan.

6 Damage assessment Table ( repairs/ replacement without upgrading at current prices); = Rs. 1 Crore Rs. 100 Lakhs Water Supply Kutch Rajkot Jamnagar Banaska works Unit Qty Rs Lakhs $ M Qty Rs Lakhs $ M Qty Rs Lakhs $ M Qty Rs Lakh RWS-Regional Tubewells Nos Pumping equip Nos pump houses Nos Trans. Pipes Km local dist village local tanks Nos Shivalakha-intake repairs Pumping equip Nos Treatment plant Mld Sub-Total RWS- Individual Tubewells Nos Pumping equip Nos pump houses Nos Trans. Pipes Km local dist village local tanks Nos Sub -total Towns- bulk supply Tappar Dam Repairs intake Replace pumping equip Replace R-main-7 Km Km Treatment plant mld Tubewells Nos Pumping equip Nos pump houses Nos TW Conn. Mains Km inter. Tanks Nos Trans. Pipes Km Staff quarters units Sub - Total TOTAL