HAB Monitoring at Iowa s State Park Beaches

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2 HAB Monitoring at Iowa s State Park Beaches Presenter: Daniel Kendall Ambient Lake and Beach Monitoring Coordinator Iowa Department of Natural Resources

3 Description of talk Intro to the State Beach Monitoring Program Elements of the program Program Objectives Harmful Algal Blooms Microcystin s & Human Health HAB Negative Impacts Wild animals Recent events Domestic Animals and Pets Fish Kills/other Utah Lake Toledo What we have learned Microcystin Trends (Long and Short Term) Questions

4 Where and when do we sample? 39 State Beaches are each sampled the week before Memorial Day through Labor Day. 29 County and City Beaches are each sampled E. coli the week before Memorial Day through Labor Day. Samples are analyzed by end of business on Thursday of each week. Data is reported out, Public website is updated, and beach signage is updated Friday of each week.

5 What do we sample for? Sampling Parameters Parameters collected: Field (Beach): Temperature ph Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l and % saturation) Turbidity Wave Height and Direction Current Weather Conditions Laboratory: E. Coli (Indicator Bacteria) (SHL) Microcystin toxin (DNR) Cylindrospermopsin toxin (DNR) DNA, Additional toxins, Toxin Degraders (ISU) (EPA Star Grant)

6 What are the Program Objectives? Safeguard public health at Iowa s state-owned and locally managed beaches. Informing the Public General information and Advisory signs at State Owned Beaches. Park staff, Iowa Department of Public Health notified Beach Monitoring Website Beach Monitoring Hotline Press releases Tracking long term trends. Biannual Water Quality Assessments, listing and reporting as a part of the 303(d) and 305(b) sections of the Federal Clean Water act.

7 HAB Advisory Action Levels Action Level for Microcystin exceeded (20µ/L) Post Swimming Advisory (Warning) Sign Post Monitoring (Watch) Sign

8 Harmful Algal Blooms Colonies of cyanobacteria (Blue-green Algae) can form blooms Harmful concentrations of cyanotoxins can occur during blooms Blooms can develop quickly and move with the wind and current Causing localized high concentrations Biological function of toxins unclear Toxins may have negative impact aquatic life Wildlife Domestic animals Humans microcystis

9 Microcystin s Negative Impacts - Human Health Microcystin Toxin exposure routes can vary and cause different health impacts Dermal Impacts (Sources: Swimming, Wading) Skin irritation Rash Blistering Ingestion Impacts (Sources often incidental: Swimming, Water Sports) Gastrointestinal distress Muscle weakness Liver impacts (hepatitis) High doses can cause liver failure Inhalation Impacts (Sources: Boating, Water Skiing, Near Shore) Slight respiratory distress Severe allergic response

10 HAB Negative Impacts - Other Effects on Wildlife Dead waterfowl, bats, and other animals in close proximity to the water Effect on Domestic Animals and Pets Cattle Deaths Toxins in water supply Pet deaths Drinking water Cleaning fur Effects on Fish Alter habitat (Algal Blooms) Block sunlight Reduce macrophyte beds Fish kills Deplete oxygen levels (Algal Blooms) Toxin ingestion related Toxins in fish Risk has typically been associated with the gut track (Kidneys and Liver) Studies show fillet tissue less affected New EPA research - MMPB method successfully used to detect microcystins in spiked fish tissue samples and in fish exposed to microcystins in an experimental stream

11 Recent events - Utah Lake 2016 Image From: EPA R8 HABS Group Webinar September 29, 2016 Ben Holcomb Utah Department of Environmental Quality

12 Recent events - Utah Lake 2016 Utah Lake 150 square miles surface area Average depth is 3 meters maximum depth ~4.5 meters Images From: EPA R8 HABS Group Webinar September 29, 2016 Ben Holcomb Utah Department of Environmental Quality

13 Recent events - Toledo 2014 Image From: Ohio EPA Webinar June 7, 2016 Ohio Environmental Protection Agency

14 Recent events - Toledo 2014 Image From: Nasa Earth Observatory acquired August 3,

15 What we have learned?

16 What we have learned?

17 What we have learned?

18 What we have learned?

19 What we have learned?

20 What we have learned?

21 What we have learned?

22 Questions Daniel Kendall Ambient Lake and Beach Monitoring Coordinator Iowa Department of Natural Resources

23 Questions Daniel Kendall Ambient Lake and Beach Monitoring Coordinator Iowa Department of Natural Resources

24 What we have learned?

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