Violeta Velikova Black Sea Commission

Transcription

1 Violeta Velikova Black Sea Commission

2 Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea against Pollution (1992) The underlying principles of the Convention on Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution imply a holistic approach to monitoring, assessment and management of the Black Sea ecosystem. The Black Sea Integrated Monitoring and Assessment Programme (BSIMAP: 2001, see Information & Resources) seeks to maximize the use of historical data from previously established monitoring sites for trend analysis, supported by new additional sites to improve the assessment of the current chemical/ecological status of the Black Sea. The main purpose of the BSIMAP is to provide DPSIR data for state of the environment reporting, impact assessments of major pollutant sources, transboundary diagnostic analysis (BSSAP process).

3 MAP of the Black Sea Regional Monitoring Network

4 BSIMAP chemical and biological parameters Water column Sediments Biota Black Sea countries undertake also monitoring of: Riverine loads Municipal discharges Industrial sources of pollution Atmospheric pollution BIOLOGY All trophic levels, including invasive species.

5 Recent years BSIMAP reporting Water column: Oxygen balance parameters (including BOD5, dissolved O2 [% saturation] and dissolved O2 [mg/l]); Nutrients (including ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, silicate and ortho-phosphate, total P, total N, the latter not monitored on a regular basis by most of the countries); Heavy metals (cadmium, copper, mercury and lead); Organic pollutants (petroleum hydrocarbons); Other water column physico-chemical parameters (including temperature, ph, salinity, total suspended solids and Secchi depth); Chlorophyll-a; Sediment chemistry: includes organic pollutants and heavy metals. On a relatively regular basis: chlorinated pesticides, PCBs, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, As, Hg (basically only Romania, BSERP). Biota only Romania: total hydrocarbons, trace metals, pesticides, PAH.

6 Chemical Pollution, incl. oil: Policy Question: What are the priority pollutants in the Black Sea and their impact on ecosystem and human health? Are the measures taken effective? Colour Level of Parameter Background level 0.5 times higher times higher 2-3 times higher >2-3 times higher Control, harmonization, standards.

7 Oil pollution, Illegal Discharges Petroleum Hydrocarbons in sediments (mg/kg)

8 ACCIDENTS 11 November, 2007

9 New Energy Projects

10 Refineries in Romania Transneft in Russia Construction of pump-station in Georgia

11 AIS NETWORK : needs to be developed to tackle illegal discharges, illegal fishery, etc!!! The benefits from exchange of AIS information between Black Sea countries are: Increasing the safety of navigation Increasing the efficiency of joint SAR and antipollution activities Receiving additional information at VTS centers and improvement of the organization of the ship s traffic Statistical analysis of the marine transport in the Black Sea VTOPIS

12 GAPS No recent assessment of oil pollution coming from LBS, rivers and illegal discharges (last figures refer to ). No operational monitoring and responsible institutions for in situ sampling agreed in cases of accidents (the Kerch example). A good risk analysis would include a range of risk types including physical, environmental, political, economic and social risks. IMO and EC FP Projects: GLOBALLAST, ALARM??

13 Public Perception: What are the main causes of damage to the Black Sea? Litter & Rubbish 13% Oil spills & shipping accidents 9% Introduced species 5% Untreated sewage 13% Radioactiv e waste 3% Population growth Tourism 2% 5% Nuclear power plants 1% Overfishing 7% Industry - pollution/c hemical spills 21% Animal wastes 1% Agrochemicals 8% coastal developme nt 12%

14 T H A N K Y O U F O R Y O U R K I N D A T T E N T I O N! commission.org