Ocean Acidification. Linking the Land to the Sea
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1 Ocean Acidification Linking the Land to the Sea
2 Northwest Oyster Die-offs Show Ocean Acidification Has Arrived Yale Environment 360, Nov. 21, 2011 Marine science: Get ready for ocean acidification Nature Journal of Science, June 27, 2013 Threatened Puget Sound marine life shows global threat of ocean acidification The Olympian March 27, 2013 Ocean Acidification Threatens Economies And Marine Life Chemical and Engineering News, June 24, 2013 Carbon dioxide pollution adds to threat to world's oceans and marine species The Guardian (London), May 28, 2011 Acidification threatens wide swath of sea life Seattle Times, July 31, 2010 Washington State confronts ocean acidification Washington Post Nov. 27, 2012 Copenhagen climate conference: ocean acidification could leave one billion hungry London Telegraph, Dec. 14, 2009 Acid ocean imperils more than shells The Globe and Mail (Toronto), Aug. 15, 2008
3 The burning of fossil fuels releases 9.7 BILLION TONS of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year
4 4
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6 BASES ACIDS The ph Scale A small change in ph is equal to a LARGE change in acidity. Lemon Juice ph 2 NOAA Mukilteo ph levels of ~8.0 are common Puget Sound ph 8.0 Grapefruit Juice ph 3 Coffee ph 5 Pure water ph 7 Seawater ph 6
7 CO 2 + H 2 O CO 2 + CO H 2 O carbonate ions 2HCO 3 Bicarbonate ions H 2 CO 3 carbonic acid Carbonic acid reduces ocean ph. The concentration of carbonate ions needed for shells decreases. 7
8 Global Conveyor Belt Sinking Cold, Salty Water Cold, CO 2 laden water rises to the surface. 8
9 Wa. St. Blue Ribbon Panel Report Wa. St. Blue Ribbon Panel Report Crabbinginthehood.com Penncoveshellfish.com
10 ph 8.0 ph 7.49 Ocean acidification s affect on oyster larvae photo G. Waldbusser /El. Brunner, OSU CO 2 = 403 ppm ph = 8.00 CO 2 = 1418 ppm ph =
11 CO2 increase of 125 ppm 11
12 Ocean acidification also affects the bottom of the ocean food chain. Pteropod (Zooplankton) Coccolithophore (Phytoplankton) 12
13
14 Puget Sound Food Web Model Anna McLaskey, UW School of Oceanography
15 June 2009 statement by 70 academies of science from around the world: "The current rate of change is much more rapid than during any event over the last 65 million years. These changes in ocean chemistry are irreversible for many thousands of years, and the biological consequences could last much longer." - The InterAcademy Panel, June 1, 2009.
16 Or, I could have just said.... OA Intro
17 So, what do we do??? Reduce C0 2 emissions Reduce land based contributions from stormwater Adapt and remediate the impacts Invest in science and support investment (taxes) in science! Inform, Educate and Engage the Public, and Decision Makers Maintain focus on OA!
18 You ll start with learning more about the problem. Lab Experiment Governor s report summary quiz
19 Ocean Acidification Experiment
20 Yeast
21 Yeast Experiment Carbon Dioxide Probe LabQuest ph Probe 21
22 Yeast Experiment Add sugar and yeast to sea water. Yeast will produce carbon dioxide. 22
23 Yeast growing on sugar and sea water produces CO 2. Yeast Experiment Carbon dioxide gas is measured by a probe. Carbon dioxide gas dissolved in sea water. Yeast growing on sugar and sea water. Carbon Dioxide Set-up ph Set-up 23
24 Worksheets You should have: Data Collection Student Worksheet Student Worksheet Ocean Acidification Start NOW by writing a hypothesis about the expected outcome of the experiment on the Data Collection Student Worksheet.
25 Please be careful with the equipment! Your first step is to read all the instruction. Follow the instructions carefully. When you finish the lab come back to your seats and answer the questions in the Student Worksheet Ocean Acidification WA State Committee.
26
27 Bromothymol blue is an indicator that turns yellowgreen in the presence of acidic substances. When carbon dioxide is breathed into water it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 Carbonic acid itself is in equilibrium with water and carbon dioxide. As more and more carbonic acid is produced, the ph of solution decreases causing the indicator to change color to yellow-green. The color change of the indicator thus serves to demonstrate the presence of carbon dioxide by showing the change in ph.
Ocean Acidification. Jan Newton University of Washington. Station Mauna Loa
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