Roadmap to Europe DeltaNethRoadmapEurope, versie 10, 28 augustus 2008

Transcription

1 Roadmap to Europe DeltaNethRoadmapEurope, versie 10, 28 augustus 2008

2 De activiteiten van DeltaNeth zijn mede mogelijk gemaakt door een subsidie van het Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat. 2

3 Inhoudsopgave Roadmap to Europe - Executive summary 5 1. Inleiding op het werkplan DeltaNeth Evaluatie tot medio Inleiding DeltaNeth als Nederlands initiatief bij de oprichting van het ECTP About EurekaBuild Het ECTP Filosofie DeltaNeth Stakeholders en draagvlak Deelnemers Convenant DeltaNeth Inleiding Tekst convenant Initiatieven Inleiding Innovatiegroepen Projectvoorstellen Op weg naar KP Kaderprogramma De Nederlandse focus Aansluiting bij andere prioritaire gebieden Organisatie DeltaNeth Inleiding Samenstelling Speerpunt Energiegebruik in de gebouwde omgeving Towards Energiegebruik Efficient Living and Working Building Concepts leading technology and process innovation New energy producing dwellings Energy producing districts Action plan Speerpunt Deltatechnologie Inleiding Deltatechnologie Deelnemers in Europa Visie en ambitie DeltaNeth Werkwijze DeltaNeth Begroting Speerpunt Infrastructuur Inleiding Convenant DeltaNeth Onderwerpen DeltaNeth Infrastructuur Communicatie Inleiding Positionering, uitstraling en aanpak Met DeltaNeth naar buiten Via deelnemende organisaties Financiën 39 3

4 12. European Construction Technology Platform (ECTP) Introduction ECTP Mission and New Challenges New structure National Technology Platforms (NTPs) Introduction Network of NTPs Europa in de praktijk EurekaBuild workshop Rotterdam Towards a reliable and available public infrastructure livinggreen.eu 54 Projectvoorstel in Interreg IV B North West Europe Regio Safe and secure operation of underground facilities and38 tunnels 56 Proposal for a COST Action SMARTcon - Support for innovative knowledge intensive service 58 enterprises in smart construction Proposal in CIP-EIP, Implementing measure ENT/CIP/07/C/N04S Boosting Innovation in Construction Products and Processes (BICEPS) 61 Proposal in Interreg IV B North Sea Region Energie infrastructuur 63 Proposal for E2B JTI Climate Proof Areas Proposal in Interreg IV B North Sea Region Samenvattend activiteiten overzicht Frequently Asked Questions 69 4

5 7. Speerpunt Energiegebruik in de gebouwde omgeving (auteurs Ivo Opstelten/Eric van Zee) 7.1 Towards Energy Efficient Living and working Vision on Energy and the Built Environment: Towards Energy Efficient Living and working Our world is strongly on the move. The climate changes. More and more uncertainty exists concerning the energy supply. The rapidly rise of the fuel prices has his impact as well. The costs for heating, cooling and warm water are no longer marginal. In public housing the cost for heating and warm water reaches at this moment 30 to 45% of the rent. Energy costs are rising ten percent each year while the rent rises 1 to 2 percent. In a few years energy costs form the biggest part in the exploitation of buildings. Moreover, the costs for building materials are rapidly rising, showing shortage of raw materials (apart from the rising production costs, related to energy prices) emphasises the need for sustainable buildings and building materials and installations. The discussion is no longer about the need to contemplate the future of energy supplies but about the way we can meet the future energy demand in a sustainable way. Both national and international policies are developed and people devote themselves to energy transition. In the Netherlands more than one third of the energy is used in the built environment, 30% of material use is related to the build environment and people spent more then 80% of their time in enclosed spaces. Insulation of buildings, more efficient comfort installations and local production of sustainable energy have strongly improved the energy performance of (mainly new) buildings in the previous decades. The potential for even better energy performance however has still not been exhausted. The urgency to bring all measures for improvement of the energy performance into action, and thereby connecting to nationally and internationally pursued policies, increases. This in a balanced way with respect to good indoor environmental conditions, sustainable buildings and installations and life cycle costs. DeltaNeth formulated a vision of the future of the built environment and an action plan, in cooperation with the Dutch research institutes TNO and ECN. This vision is also set against the current European developments such as the creation of the Joint Technology Initiative Energy Efficient Buildings. The vision from DeltaNeth is formulated as: Towards Energy Efficient Living and working Comfort, Economy, Energy Energy efficiency is not a purpose in itself. In the first place it s about comfort. Users want to be accommodated in comfortable buildings: pleasantly warm, fresh air and with sufficient warm water. Of course they want to use energy as well for all kind of purposes and appliances. With respect to energy in the built environment, four elements can be distinguished: Energy use related to the creation of the building: This is the total energy needed for the production process of the buildings, also known as the embodied energy. Energy use related to the building: this is the total energy use of appliances and installations (such as heating, cooling, ventilation, hot water heating and essential lighting) which are permanently linked to the building and therefore belong to it. A distinction has been made between the energy use in new and existing estate. Energy use in and around the building: this relates to all energy of domestic appliances in and around the building. Within this element two levels can be identified. o The part of the energy use of domestic appliances, which can directly be influenced by the building design and o the part which can only be influenced by choices and behavioural aspects of the end-user. Energy use related to the Built Environment: this relates to the energy use of all local district processes such as public lighting, security, drainage and so on. 5

6 Our challenge is to meet all these kind of needs in an energy efficient and economic way. In Building Future it is formulated as follows: A comfortable, healthy and sustainable work and living environment in the built environment with a minimum of energy and environmental stress. This chapter is structuring the goals and approach to meet the goals which has to be carried out by the (supply) industry, research institutes, and all the actors of building sector, from project developers up to building owners The building blocks of the sustainable built environment The key topics of DeltaNeth, have been identified with stakeholders from government, market actors and R&D. The topics are derived from the recent developments in the Dutch and European policies and the recent agreements between the government and the Dutch association of municipalities (Klimaatakkoord) and between the government and the building actors (Lenteakkoord). These topics are: 50% energy reduction of the complete building stock, implying drastic reduction of the existing building stock Realisation of net energy producing new buildings Realisation of net energy producing districts Innovation philosophy: Trias Energetica The Trias Energetica provides a comprehensive framework for the agenda setting. The Trias Energetica consists of three successive steps. 1. Limit energy demand Limiting of the energy demand is the most important and at the same time the most underestimated step. The rapidly growing world energy demands and depletion of the fossil fuels will result in a shortage of energy in the next decades. As a consequence energy prices will continue to increase. From the point of view of controlling the energy costs, it is even more important to limit the energy demand. 2. Utilize renewable energy as much as possible After the energy demand has been reduced as much as reasonably possible, the remaining energy demand has to be filled in with renewable energy sources. 3. Use fossil fuels as efficient as possible Only in the case that renewable energy sources cannot provide all the energy needed, fossil fuels can be added on the condition that they are used as clean and efficient as possible. The research agenda will cover all the themes of the Trias Energetica. Innovation is not only a matter of technology. It is also a matter of implementing (new) technology in existing processes and of integration of the result and consequences of new technology in the leading decision making processes and the final use of the technologies by end-users. Therefore the action plan employs three lines of approach. 1. Innovations in building and district concepts: Intelligent integration. In energy efficient buildings the building physics and the installation technology are far more interdependent than in the houses and offices we use to construct. New coherent building concepts are needed to provide the uses a healthy, comfortable living environment with a minimum energy use. 2. Innovations in components and appliances: To develop missing links and make existing technologies fit for large scale-implementation. Important examples are Building skin optimisation & new materials, Ventilation systems, (compact) seasonal storage of heat & heat recovery, heat pump technology, microtrigeneration (Combined Heat, Cold and Power). 6

7 Innovations in the building process Innovations are also needed in the building process. Energy efficient buildings for instance need to be very air tight. This has significant consequences for the construction industry. Not only for the planning process but also on the construction spot. Energy has to become more integrated in the decision making process of housing companies and project developers as well. Up to now the cost of energy during the exploitation phase is not taken into account in the development process. Municipalities, social housing organisations and project developers have to innovate their decision making processes and financing constructions based on integral living expenses Building Concepts leading technology and process innovation The vision of a net energy neutral built environment, directly implies the existence of net energy demanding and net energy producing elements. A recent conducted scenario study for the Dutch built environment, identified the building blocks for a net energy neutral built environment: 75% demand reduction of fossil energy by renovation packages for existing buildings Net energy producing new buildings Net energy producing districts These concepts will have to be leading for the identification of technology and process innovation Existing dwellings: up to 75% demand reduction of fossil energy The existing building stock, with its high losses of heat, is widely accepted as the biggest challenge for the realisation of a sustainable future. Considering the low renovation-frequency of buildings, the high potential for improved energy efficiency needs to be harnessed as much as possible, when a renovation takes place. Using a renovation-system approach, based on the Trias Energetica, socalled factor 4 demand reduction concepts for renovation can and should be developed the coming years Energy-generating residential building A general feature of the generated concepts for new buildings is that they are at least energy neutral on a yearly base and net energy producing on a larger district level. This means the buildings themselves will serve as energy generators. Using the Trias Energetica, these concepts build on an excellent building skin (high insulation, low infiltration, prevention for overheating), integrated cost-effective renewable energy systems, local energy storage and exchange of energy with demand outside the building (for heat and/or power). The value chain for the development of such buildings implies drastic changes in terms of technology (e.g. compact heat storage) and of the building process as well. Performance based building and commissioning are key elements Energy producing districts Up till now it was normal to bring energy (natural gas, electricity and so on) to residential areas and business districts. Two trends create a new situation: In the coming years the energy demand of buildings will diminish (due to better isolation, better use of local sustainable energy and so on) Due to the decreasing availability and increasing prices of fossil fuels it will become more and more attractive to make a better use of local sources of clean and renewable energy (waste heat, geothermal energy, biomass, solar energy and wind energy). This will lead to three types of concepts for districts. 1. Districts with a high density of living and working Sustainable electricity and heat produced within the district Electricity is the main energy source, for all functions 7

8 Very efficient use of electricity which is produced elsewhere Gas (methane or hydrogen) is used only if the combined demand for heat and electricity is attractive from an exergetical point of view Active connections to the gas mains are scarce, relatively expensive and only to find at heavy users and E-routers (energy junctions at a district level) Energy management on a district level is a matter of course, small scale energy buffering (thermal and electrical) is used on a large scale bases for optimizing costs The expression costs in the meantime includes internal and external factors which makes optimization easier and social relevant. Energy prices are differentiated (point in time of usage, type of energy-carrier). 2. Park districts Producing sustainable energy on a large scale, more often net exporters of electricity Heat demand is totally covered by local gained solar energy. Solar energy is an integral part of architecture. Energy management and buffering (thermal and electrical) arte widely accepted Gas (methane or hydrogen) is used only by E-routers. 3. Areas with a low density of living and working Functioning as park district without the E-routers Generation of energy in many forms, such as solar power plants, wind power plants. Important exporters of sustainable electricity. The main process challenges are to solve the absence of a director who leads the development of the new districts, based on integral performance assessment and commissioning Action plan Innovations in building concepts In energy efficient buildings the building physics and the installation technology are far more interdependent than in the houses and offices we use to construct. New coherent building concepts are needed to provide the uses a healthy, comfortable living environment with a minimum energy use. Therefore it s not enough to improve the individual components. In the first place comprehensive new building concepts are needed to meet the new standards for energy producing buildings. Energy Efficient Building concepts The new building concepts have to be described as coherent packages of: Building skin Appliances for ventilation, heating, cooling, warm water. It is very important to provide building companies, developers and housing corporations with coherent concepts. Those concepts shall be described on several levels: Level of insulation Appliances needed Investments Important requirements for the developing and building process Resulting comfort Resulting energy costs. Three themes are essential for the building concepts: 8

9 Limit energy demand Utilize renewable energy as much as possible Use fossil fuels as efficient as possible The challenge for such packages range from material research (e.g. for energy storage, lowemissive material, maintenance free, etc.), technologies (e.g. improved efficiencies) up to system integration (interfaces, system optimisation, etc.) Innovations in energy producing districts In the field of energy producting districts two lines of research are crucial: Developing and elaborating concepts of energy producing districts for various circumstances Support systems for de decision making process for (local) governments the establishment of an integral directors role for the district development from initial sketch up to complete operation: commissioning on a district level Innovations in the building process Innovations are also needed in the building process. Energy efficient buildings for instance need to be very air tight. This has significant consequences for the construction industry. Not only for the planning process but also on the construction spot. Energy has to become more integrated in the decision making process of housing companies and project developers as well. Up to now costs of energy during the exploitation phase are not taken into account in the development process. Municipalities, social housing organisations and project developers have to innovate their decision making processes. Moreover, the sustainability of buildings and their materials will become more and more important. The possibility for recycling of building materials will become an important design requirement and therefore play a strong role in the building process. Decision making tools and information are needed, resulting in methods to calculate the total cost of ownership. Planning process In the planning process several new standards are needed: Energy Efficient Building concepts (see paragraph 5.2.2). Indicators for assessment of building concepts. For the several phases In the decision making process municipalities, developers and housing corporations need indicators for guiding the development process: What are the indicators to assess actual building concepts (investments, energy exploitation costs and so on)? At which moments during the planning process must these indicators be assessed? What calculation methods must be used to determine the indicators on a proper way? During the planning process it is also relevant to decide whether energy exploitation is a good possibility. Research has to be done on the better implementation of energy efficient building concepts in de decision making process of the key players such as housing corporations and developers. Building process 9

10 Building very Energy efficient houses requires a lot of the constructors. In the transition towards building very energy efficient houses it is very important to manage the building process and to measure if the requirements really are met. Research has to be done in which way principals can manage the building process in an effective and efficient way. Methods for measuring the buildings (for instance the blow door test) have to be improved so that they can be applied on a large scale. It is also important to work out all kind of standard details for these energy efficient houses. 7.4 Cooperation between industry, government and research institutes It is very important that industry, government and research institutes work intensively together on the basis of the research agenda. DeltaNeth is the technology platform for the building industry. DeltaNeth has worked out this research agenda in close cooperation with PEGO, the national platform for energy transition in the Built Environment. Through PEGO, representatives of the government, local authorities, end-users and the different actors of the complete building industry are linked. Relevant actors from the building industry are: VROM: Dutch ministry of housing and the environment VNG: Dutch association of municipalities Neprom: Dutch association for project developers Bouwend Nederland: Dutch contractors association NVB: Dutch association of building companies Woonbond: Union of tenants Aedes: Dutch housing association Spaar het Klimaat: An intiative of Dutch companies focussed on demand reduction in houses. Uneto-VNI: Dutch association of the supply chain Building Future: consortium of TNO and ECN, R&D institutes in the field of Energy in the Built Environment And more DeltaNeth is also directly linked with the European initiative to set up a Joint Technology Initiative (JTI): E2B (Energy Efficient Buildings). Through this JTI, actors from industry such as Acciona, Royal BAM group, Bouygues, ECN, EDF, Fraunhofer, Isofoton, Motostal, TNO, and many others will work on a 10 year running program, aimed at the development of the building blocks of a sustainable built environment. 7.5 Planning The planning in the table below is based on several sources: Tighten up the Energy Performance regulations for new buildings (EPC) Objective Energy Transition Plan PeGO. 10

11 Energy Performance for new buildings (EPC) 0,60 0,40 CO 2 -neutral Innovations in building concepts 1.1. New building concepts: new estate 45% CO 2 -reduction 60% CO 2 -reduction 80% CO 2 -reduction 100% CO 2 -reduction 1.2. New building concepts: renovation 45% CO 2 -reduction 60% CO 2 -reduction 80% CO 2 -reduction 100% CO 2 -reduction 1.3. Limit energy demand 45% CO 2 -reduction 60% CO 2 -reduction 80% CO 2 -reduction 100% CO 2 -reduction 1.4. Utilize renewable energy as much as possible 45% CO 2 -reduction 60% CO 2 -reduction 80% CO 2 -reduction 100% CO 2 -reduction 1.5. Use fossil fuels as efficient as possible 45% CO 2 -reduction 60% CO 2 -reduction 80% CO 2 -reduction 100% CO 2 -reduction 2. Innovations in energy producing districts 2.1. Concepts of energy producing districts 2.2. Support systems for de decision making process 3. Innovations in the building process 3.1. Planning process 3.2. Building process 7.6 References Planning of the research programme 1. TNO-Bouw and ECN, Building Future; a vision on the developments towards an energy neutral built environment, TNO-Bouw: 2004-BBE-B-597/KNB, ECN: DEGO-Memo Lafleur, M.C.C., Energie in de gebouwde omgeving , update 2007; EGON-memo PeGo, Platform EnergieTransitie in de Gebouwde Omgeving, Energietransitieplan PeGo, werkgroep innovatie, juni Klimaatakkoord, november VROM-WWI, VROM-R&M, NEPROM, Bouwend Nederland, NVB; Lenteakkoord Energiebesparing in de Nieuwbouw, april Opstelten, I.J. e.a., Potentials for energy efficiency and renewable energy sources in the Netherlands; 11

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