Green Chemistry. Amanda Cardenas Ashley Wilson Karen Kamprath Sophia Garcia Qi Tian

Transcription

1 Green Chemistry Amanda Cardenas Ashley Wilson Karen Kamprath Sophia Garcia Qi Tian

2 Current Chemical Industry: Dichotomy of Perceptions: 1) Science hails accomplishments 2) Growing number of people fear chemicals Challenge: Uncertainties in toxicology Exposure, Rate, Transport Green Chemistry is the logical next step in addressing these concerns.

3 Defining Green Chemistry utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products Paul Anastas,, John Warner

4 12 Principles of Green Chemistry 1. Prevent Waste 2. Design safer chemicals and products 3. Design less hazardous chemical syntheses 4. Use renewable feedstocks 5. Use catalysts, not stoichiometric reagents 6. Avoid chemical derivatives 7. Maximize atom economy 8. Use safer solvents and reaction conditions 9. Increase energy efficiency 10. Design chemicals and products to degrade after use 11. Analyze in real time to prevent pollution 12. Minimize the potential for accidents

5 Approaches to Green Chemistry Systems approach Alternate Synthetic Pathways Environmental Conservation

6 Incentives Competitive Advantage Efficiency Worker Health and Safety Reduced risks and Insurance Costs Opportunity for patents First mover advantage Maximization of Productivity Consumer Trust Environmental Conservation

7 Major Players : Chemical Industry - U.S. largest globally but least progressive - Industry wants voice in GC agenda - When a company achieves this sustained level of success we are expected to provide leadership Steven Bradfield, Shaw Industries - IKEA, Nike, Patagonia, 3M, Dow Chemical

8 Major Players: Scientific/Professional Organizations IUPAC -working party on synthetic processes/pathways -standardization/definition of various aspects of GC -trying to attract leading scientists to field Council for Chemical Research (CCR) -Members from industry, academia (CU), gov t,, majority of chemical research enterprise -Encouraging collaboration across sectors -Doesn t t focus on GC ACS, others -Woodhouse: these organizations are not doing much to inflect trajectories of mainstream members

9 Major Players: : Academia/Research About half of U.S. chemistry departments still require PhD students to pass a qualifying exam in a foreign language, but not one requires equivalent proficiency in toxicology John Warner, U MASS University of Scranton - Green Chemistry modules University of York Green Chemistry Network - Shares best practice - International Green Chemistry database (conferences, data, educational materials) University of Massachusetts -PhD program with Green Chemistry track

10 Major Players Not-for for-profit Zero Waste Alliance -provides management support for companies integrating GC Green Chemistry Institute -promotes collaboration across the board Center for Industrial Collaboration -assigns researchers to individual projects For Profit MVS Solutions Inc. -GC development, support, consulting

11 Major Players EPA - R&D - OPPT: Government DOE, NIST Pollution Prevention Act 1990 Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Grants through NSF - No focused effort for Green Chemistry - Conduct R&D with Green Chemistry applications

12 Major Players: Consumers MVS Solutions citing Paul Ray s Cultural Creative a a relatively new term and market niche... a growing demography of about 45 million Americans that represent a new world view.. As a group, they are willing to take action on their values and represent socially responsible consumers. The Cultural Creatives currently represent about 20% of the U.S. population and are making value- based choices in more and more product categories ( 60% are women, median age is 42, median family income is $47,500, upper middle class information junkies, purchases symbolize values )

13 Major Players Consumers Customer demand and profitability are the most enduring drivers of green chemistry and sustainability... No regulations could have moved our industry so far and so fast in the direction of sustainable development [as market forces have] Steven Bradfield, Shaw Industries I I do think the success of Green Chemistry lies with consumers Larry Chalfan,, Zero Waste Alliance MRSI.com

14 Legislation Command and Control - does industry want to avoid regulation? 1970 Clean Air Act, 1972 NEPA, 1972 Clean Water Act, 1972 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide & Rodenticide Act, 1972 Ocean Dumping Act, 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act, 1976 Toxic Substances Control Act, 1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and 1980 creation of Superfund 1990 Pollution Prevention Act -requires that pollution be prevented at the source whenever possible Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge - 40 Awards since 1996

15 Legislation (contin( contin.) EPA SMART Program (Synthetic Methodology Assessment for Reduction Techniques) -EPA sends recommendations, concerns about chemical processes GREENSCOPE (Gauging Reaction Effectiveness for the Environmental Sustainability of Chemistries with a multi-objective Process Evaluator ) -evaluates a reaction or process for its sustainability in terms of Environment, Energy, Efficiency, and Economics - allows for direct comparison between processes Green Chemistry Research and Development Act of $$$ for R&D and undergrad/grad education programs

16 Case Studies

17 Rohm and Haas Co. Specialty chemical company Focused on delivering technically advanced products and services that enable the creation of leading-edge edge consumer goods and other products found in the following end-use markets: Building and Construction Electronic Devices, Computers, Hardware and Communications Equipment Packaging Household and Personal Care Products Automotive Paper Retail Food and Hypermarket/Supercenters Pharmaceutical Worth: $7 billion Global workforce: 17,000 Business Principles: Responsible Care Product Stewardship And BEYOND...

18 Companies can no longer be compliant with environmental regulations, believing that they will be economically secure.

19 Rohm and Haas Co. 1996: - New family of biocides - Sea-Nine : - New family of insecticides - Confirm, Intrepid, Mach2

20 Sea-Nine % of the value of the materials in paints comes from chemicals (ACC). What is Sea-Nine 211? Biocide Family: Isothiazolone Purpose: Marine anti-fouling paint, replacement for TBT Other Party Involvement: IMO Principle: Biomimicry Level of Safety: Rapid degradation, minimal toxicity, minimal bioaccumulation

21 Let s s Talk Honestly About Cost Studies have shown that SEA-NINE 211 degrades rapidly within the waste water without requiring any specific treatment. Marine biologists have linked TBT to endocrine disruption, mutation of sexual characteristics, disruption of immune systems and build-up in the food chain to such levels that risks for humans consuming seafood cannot be ignored.

22 CONFIRM chemically, biologically and mechanistically novel -U.S. EPA

23 Confirm breakthrough in caterpillar control Pesticide Family: Diacylhydrazine Safe for applicators and consumers Effectively aims at target species, particular to caterpillar nervous system Biomimicry: 20-hydroxy ecdysone, molting Protects: non-target species, natural predators, beneficial insects Reduced chemical load Low toxicity, non-oncogenic, non-mutagenic, w/out adverse reproductive effects 87% of the value of the materials used to make pest control products comes from chemistry (ACC).

24 Rohm and Haas endorses the green chemistry bill, recognizing the need for additional collaboration, knowledge transfer, and crucial research in the field of green chemistry.

25 Commitment to Collaboration: o External: Relationship building v. competitive advantage o Internal: Marketing: the most powerful tool in our arsenal to promote and encourage the use of green chemistries Researchers/Scientists

26 We do not have a right to run our facilities. It is a privilege granted to us by the communities in which we operate and it can be taken away how how s s that for a threat to sustainability? Though I m not sure a Nobel Prize will ever be awarded for Green Chemistry, I do hope that our grandkids can look back 30 or 40 years, to this time now, and know that OUR generation made the business case for sustainability, made the right decisions, and left our society and our environment in a little better shape. Dr. J. M. Fitzpatrick, President and COO of R & H Raj L. Gupta, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

27 Green Chemistry and Water Conservation Chemistry: Largest manufacturing consumer of water Major contributor to water degradation Long-term impact on environment

28 Industrial Water Use

29 Impact on aquatic ecosystem: o Process: production, delivery, utilization, product proposal o Pollutants: regular products: fertilizers, eutrification toxic and bio-accumulative metals Unknown and not monitoring chemicals: U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act : 650: 75,000

30 Green Chemistry: mechanisms to address global water problems at their source Scientifically based solutions : protect water quality relieve global water crisis Useful tool: compared with End of Pipe Realizing both economic and environmental benefits

31 Sud Chemie Inc. Specialty chemical company New way of synthesis catalysts Zero wastewater discharge Zero nitrate discharge 5000 tons of oxide catalyst: Wastewater: 378,900 tons Nitrate discharges: 143,000 tons NOx emissions: 3,800 tons

32 Sud Chemie Inc. Economical, environmental and social Estimated market value : $100 Patent protection: potential market for technology Award: 2003 Alternative Synthetic Pathways Award by US EPA

33 Insights of the case study Role of regulation: external incentives Gov t role in promotion: information provide incentives demonstration projects Response of the firms: improvement of tech market image

34 Barriers to Implementation Infrastructure not in place Lag-time of research, and publications Knowledge Transfer conflict between collaboration and competition Few universities incorporate GC in curriculum Switching costs high and risky firms reluctant to gamble with high stakes Limited programs and policies for economic incentives institutional failure Consumers don t t compromise

35 Conclusions Great potential for all levels of pollution prevention.. H 2 O quality,, global warming, etc. Programs and policies are in the works Green chemistry barriers are growing pains Green chemistry is the result of the evolution of chemical product development industry

36 Questions?