ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING and HEALTH RISK ANALYSIS
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1 ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING and HEALTH RISK ANALYSIS Instructor : Text Book: Dr. Mustafa M. Aral CEE, Georgia Institute of Tech., USA maral@ce.gatech.edu Mustafa M. Aral Environmental Modeling and Health Risk Analysis (ACTS/RISK); Published by: Springer Publishers ISBN ; 2010; 470 pp.
2 ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING and HEALTH RISK ANALYSIS Sponsored by: TUBITAK Organized by: Dr. Orhan Gündüz CEE, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey Location: Dokuz Eylül University, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Turkey December, 2011
3 Purpose and Outcome: The purpose of this course is to introduce the student to definitions, concepts and analytical methods used in the analysis of the behavior of Hazardous Substances in the Environment (ACTS). The course will also cover evaluation of potential harmful effects of these hazardous substances on Human Health (RISK). For this purpose flow, transport and fate processes in multimedia environments will be discussed followed by exposure and health risk assessment, uncertainty analysis and management.
4 Purpose and Outcome: Important modules that will be covered throughout the course include: Introductory material Conservation principles. Modeling principles. Multimedia / Multi-pathway environmental models (ACTS). Air Pathway Groundwater Pathway Surface Water Pathway Principles of Health Risk Assessment. Hazardous substance management and Health Risk (RISK). Other reference material.
5 Details on Computer Knowledge: WINDOWS operating system Installing software on your computers Copying and deleting files from a hard drive Creating a folder for files on a hard drive Copying files from a CD to a hard drive Selecting a printer from available printers and printing to that printer from a software application And many other standard WINDOWS based operations Using Excel and being able to import export data to Excel A very important issue in software installation and use for Turkish users: Where should be the decimal point.
6 ACTS & RISK Software: Visit the site and download the ACTS & RISK software: And start working with it to get familiar with the menu options. Probably you will use this software the rest of your engineering career as it is being used by many engineers and health scientists in the health risk analysis field. You need to also subscribe to the user group to receive upgrade information in the future (do not use your gt address):
7 Evolution of Environmental Management Paradigms Earlier Approaches: We thought Economy is the driver; We thought Environment is the driver; Environmental resources is to be exploited; At risk is the ENVIRONMENT or the ECONOMY; Human Health is considered to be important but was not emphasized.
8 Evolution of Environmental Management Paradigms Frontier Economics Radical Environmentalism Resource Management or Resource Allocation Sustainable Environmental Management Selective Environmentalism
9 Environmental Laws in USA 40 Cumulative ENV Laws in USA # of Laws Year
10 US Environmental Laws 1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act FFDCA 1947 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act FIFRA 1948 Federal Water Pollution Control Act (also known as the Clean Water Act) CWA 1955 Clean Air Act CAA 1965 Shoreline Erosion Protection Act SEPA 1965 Solid Waste Disposal Act SWDA 1970 National Environmental Policy Act NEPA 1970 Pollution Prevention Packaging Act PPPA 1970 Resource Recovery Act RRA 1970 The Occupational Safety and Health Act OSHA 1971 Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act LBPPPA 1972 Coastal Zone Management Act CZMA 1972 Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act MPRSA 1972 Ocean Dumping Act ODA 1973 Endangered Species Act ESA 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act SDWA 1974 Shoreline Erosion Control Demonstration Act SECDA 1975 Hazardous Materials Transportation Act HMTA
11 US Environmental Laws 1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RCRA 1976 Toxic Substances Control Act TSCA 1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act SMCRA 1978 Uranium Mill-Tailings Radiation Control Act UMTRCA 1980 Asbestos School Hazard Detection and Control Act ASHDCA 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act CERCLA 1982 Nuclear Waste Policy Act NWPA 1984 Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act ASHAA 1986 Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act AHERA 1986 Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act EPCRA 1988 Indoor Radon Abatement Act IRAA 1988 Lead Contamination Control Act LCCA 1988 Medical Waste Tracking Act MWTA 1988 Ocean Dumping Ban Act ODBA 1988 Shore Protection Act SPA 1990 National Environmental Education Act NEEA 1990 The Oil Pollution Act OPA 1990 The Pollution Prevention Act PPA 1996 Food Quality Protection Act FQPA
12 Premise: All human interventions to natural environments, our demand for built environments and natural or forced disasters sooner or later will be associated with health issues.
13 Evolution of Environmental Management Paradigms Sustainable Environmental Management Environmental Management for Sustainable Populations
14 Environmental Management for Sustainable Populations In this approach economic incentives and environmental constraints have to be considered harmoniously, with the main emphasis placed on protection and preservation of. Human Health and Sustainability of Populations. Appendix : 1 & 2 READ
15 Environmental Management for Sustainable Populations Specialization fields that are involved: Social sciences; Public policy; Health sciences; Basic sciences; and, Env. Engineering.
16 Definitions: Difficulty: This information comes from the participation of several disciplines (medicine, engineering, toxicology, epidemiology, statistics, mathematics etc. etc.) Thus the language used in this discipline gets rather complicated. One has the become familiar with this language. Read Appendices 1 & 2.
17 Environmental Management for Sustainable Populations To establish this working environment: More barriers need to be broken; New rules need to be established; and, A common language is needed.
18 Problem Areas: Our present information database is not adequate to fully incorporate environmental health concepts into environmental practices; The relation between hazardous environmental exposures and their effect on various physiologies are not well understood; In most cases historical environmental data on hazardous materials and data on hazardous waste management practices are not well known or documented appropriately; and, Health effect consequences of environmental management decisions have not been fully characterized and evaluated.
19 Most important problem: How do we integrate?
20 Venues: Education and training; Collaborative research; and, Knowledge dissemination.
21 Technical Journal is another approach Editor-in-Chief: M. M. Aral Co-Editor: Andrew A. Meharg
22 Env. Exposure Characterization: This should be also an integrated study
23 TEC: Total Exposure Characterization
24 TEC: Total Exposure Characterization Fluxes Volatilization Atmosphere Advection, Diffusion, Dillution, Reaction, Transformation Deposition Fluxes Advection, Diffusion, Dillution, Reaction, Convection, Transformation, Retardation Volatilization Deposition Surface Water Advection, Dispersion, Dillution, Transformation, Reaction, Convection Fluxes Fluxes Suspension Fluxes Groundwater Sedimentation Advection, Diffusion, Dillution, Reaction, Convection, Transformation, Retardation Sediments Fluxes
25 Environment and Exposure Routes: Environmental Analysis Exposure / Risk Analysis Health Effects Analysis
26 Definitions: Environmental Health Science: Is the study of principles governing chemical, biological and physical processes by which hazardous substances (biologic, chemical and energy) in the environment influences the human health. Environmental health science also includes the study of science based methods by which an environment may be affected to bring about the best state of health in a population.
27 Definitions: Environmental Health Risk Analysis: Environmental Risk Analysis is the study of possible risk factors associated with an environmental situation in which a person may be brought into contact with a particular contaminant. Environmental health risk analysis produces a listing of potential health consequences; possibility of their occurrence; the severity level of each occurrence; the variability expected in the reported levels; and, the degree of confidence in reported outcomes.
28 Exposure Risk Assessment
29 Environmental Health Management Environmental Health Management System? An Environmental Health Management System is a system that addresses the needs of a broad range of organizations and populations and allows them to evaluate, manage, and improve the environmental impact of their operations to help preserve health and safety of populations.
30 Definitions: To understand the language read Appendices 1 & 2.
31 to be continued
32
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