AMENA Conference May 12 nd 13 th, 2011 Guadalajara, Mexico

Transcription

1 AMENA Conference May 12 nd 13 th, 2011 Guadalajara, Mexico Experiencia en Biorremediación de Residuos Orgánicos en Mexico Mark J. Krupka Vice President & Technical Director Ecological Laboratories, Inc.

2 Sustainable Development My definition Developing the physical, economic and social environment in harmony with one another, not allowing the focus on any one to become detrimental to any of the other two.

3 The Importance of Water in Sustainable Development We forget that the life cycle and the water cycle are one. Jacques Cousteau

4 Biological Wastewater Treatment Most Cost Effective Means of Treating Large Volumes for Removal of Dissolved Organics Methodology is based on helping nature do what it does best

5 Life Cycles Carbon Cycle Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Aerobic Bacteria + Oxygen Aerobic Bacteria + Oxygen Methane (CH 4 ) Photosynthetic Plants Higher Life Anaerobic Bacteria

6 Life Cycles Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Nitrogen (N 2 ) Denitrifying bacteria Nitrate (NO 3 ) Inorganic Nitrogen (NO 3 ) Ammonia (NH 3 ) Nitrite (NO 2 ) Nitrosomonas sp. Nitrobacter sp.

7 Life Cycles Sulfur Cycle Elemental Sulfur (S 0 ) Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2 S) Sulfates (SO 4 ) Organic Sulfur Compounds including. Mercaptans, etc. Bacteria

8 Biological Wastewater Treatment Basic Processes: Aerobic Organics (BOD) + N + P + O CO 2 + H 2 O + Cells

9 Biological Wastewater Treatment Basic Processes: Anaerobic Organics (BOD) + N + P + SO 4 + O 2 -- CH 4 + H 2 S + CO 2 + H 2 O + Cells

10 Biological Wastewater Treatment Aerobic Biological Wastewater Treatment Designed to: Convert dissolved organics to CO 2 water and cells. Separate the cells from the treated water (clarification) Resulting in clean water that will not pollute receiving streams nor add significant load to POTW

11 Biological Wastewater Treatment The catalyst in any biological system:

12 Biological Wastewater Treatment As with any process system the better the catalyst, the better the process system efficiency and performance. In biological systems, the better the and the more of them, the better the biological treatment.

13 Biological Wastewater Treatment Simplified Kinetic Model S eff = Sinf Where : 1 + χ c κ s Φ h S eff Effluent water parameters S inf Influent water parameters Χ c Κ s Cell Mass in mg/l (bacteria available) Specific rate coefficient, mgs/l*day (utilization rate) Φ h Hydraulic Retention Time in days BluePlanet Asia Representative

14 Biological Wastewater Treatment Suspended Growth Systems Lagoon Systems Facultative Lagoons Aerated Lagoons Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBRs) Activated Sludge Systems

15 Biological Wastewater Treatment Lagoon Systems Facultative Lagoons Aerated Lagoons Little operator attention required Best designs function by good hydraulic design Limited process control Hard to control solids and, as a result process Eventually, requires dredging

16 Bioremediation The purposeful inoculation of a biological system with bacteria with superior metabolic, or other capabilities, that allow it to provide better process performance

17 Bioaugmentation Benefits in Lagoon Systems Can allow lagoon system to simulate activated sludge kinetics at lower operating costs Result lagoon system provides operational efficiency more like activated sludge without demand for higher level of process control and technical management Issue requires larger foot-print to provide adequate retention time

18 Laws of Nature Gravity What goes up, must come down.

19 Laws of Nature Animal Nutrition What goes in, must come out (at least what is not absorbed for nutrition)

20 Feedlot in Veracruz The ranch is composed of 7 sections. The manure runs down to two main lagoons by gravity. Capacity of the ranch is 22,000 head of cattle The ranch has 15 retention pits to collect the manure before it flows to the lagoons, each pit is 1,080 m 3.

21 Problematic Visual pollution Pollution of a river that runs behind the ranch affecting the neighbors Pressure from the neighbors Pollution of water with high levels of organic matter 5 cm of hardened organic matter at the top Possible fines from Environmental agency

22 Objectives Eliminate the hard cover of organic matter in all lagoons Eliminate the organic content of the lagoons Stop polluting the river that runs near by and bioremediate it Improve the quality of the discharge water

23 Manure Pit Treatment using Microorganisms inoculated into the Pits (24/08/2010) Día 22 Día 22 Día 30 VIDEO (08/12/2010) After 4 months of treatment

24 Aeration Lagoon Treatment using Microorganisms inoculated into the Pits (12/08/2010) Día Día (08/12/2010) After 4 months of treatment

25 Conclusions and achievements Degradation of hard organic matter cover and elimination of organic content in all lagoons. Improvement of quality of effluent. Bioremediation of the large lagoon with the need to add any chemical. Stopped polluting the river and achieved bioremediation of the same.

26 Chicken Slaughter House, México Broiler processing plant with waste water treatment plant. Capacity: 300,000 broilers/day System design: holding tank / waste water treatment plant/ Oxidation lagoon 26

27 Problematic Problems with odor (H 2 S) Handling and getting rid of waste water with high levels of fat. Getting rid of MT of sludge per day ($95,000 pesos/month) WWTP design is under capacity for the amount of broilers they process. Pollution of a river close by Visual pollution Possible environmental penalties for polluting and discharging effluent at higher levels than regulation.

28 Objectives Lower water quality paramaters (BOD, COD, TSS) Eliminate the fat in the efluent discharge. Eliminate Odor 28

29 Holding tank 29

30 Aeration Tank 30

31 Pilot Test (11/01/2011) Water from the Aeration Tank in the WWTP

32 Inoculation of Microorganisms and Micronutrients Micronutrients Microorganisms (11/01/2011) First Application Dosage

33 Results at 1 week of treatment (17-January-2011) Tank No. 1 Control Tank No. 2 Microorganisms Tank No. 3 Mix of Microorganisms and Micronutrients

34 Results at 3 weeks of Treatment (25-January-2011) Tank No. 1 Control Tank No. 2 Microorganisms Tank No. 3 Mix of Microorganisms and Micronutrients

35 Results at 3 weeks of Treatment (01-February-2011) Tank No. 1 Control Tank No. 2 Microorganisms Tank No. 3 Mix of Microorganisms and Micronutrients

36 Composting Method Current process: - This layer farms composts the layer litter in 32 days. - A tractor is used to aerate the layer litter two times per week. - No bacteria based product used in the process. Día Día 30 22

37 Tractor turning litter to Aerate Día Día 30 22

38 Objective Reduce composting time at least 5 days from current process (32 days). The layer litter used as control was collected 5 days before the layer used as test. The total area of the trial was 30m x 2m x 1m: 30m 3 Día Día 30 22

39 12 Days Later Notice the amount of ammonia coming out of the treated layer litter (left) and the untreated (right). Día Día 30 22

40 15 Days Later The Temperature difference from the treated layer litter 27C (left) from the un treated 38C (right).

41 17 Days Later The treated litter was composted 15 days earlier than the normal process The treated litter also had a significantly lower odor compared to the normal process.

42 Conclusions Adding the microorganism cocktail to layer litter significantly reduced the time to compost by 15 days exceeding the expectations. Odor was also reduced significantly when the microorganisms was added versus the normal process

43 BioGas from Swine Manure Pig Manure is discharge into the anaerobic lagoon to generate BioGas Increase BioGas production Significantly Reduces Hydrogen Sulfide, eliminates corrosion Increase fertilizer value of discharge effluent BioGas runs Electrical Generator

44 Jordan Poultry Slaughtering Plant A well designed and built waste water treatment plant that did not perform System failed to meet effluent discharge for COD, BOD, FOG, TSS, NH 3, PO 4 Public complaints about the bad odors

45 JORDAN POULTRY SLAUGHTER HOUSE 800~1000 m 3 per day Collection Tank Aeration Tank 160 m m 3 Clarifier Tank 1600 m 3 1 st Dose 47 ppm Next 4 wks- 12 ppm per wk 1 st Dose 6.1 ppm Next 4 wks- 1.5 ppm per wk Sludge Tank 1300 m 3 Total Product Use for first 5 weeks 27 gallons Maintenance 3 gallons per wk COD mg/l BOD mg/l TSS mg/l FOG mg/l

46 JORDAN POULTRY SLAUGHTER HOUSE Objectives: 1. Reduce the parameters of effluent as follows Parameters Current Standard required COD 4211 mg/l 150 mg/l BOD 2725 mg/l 50 mg/l TSS 1276 mg/l 50 mg/l FOG 612 mg/l 5 mg/l NH4 310 mg/l 5 mg/l SVI 452 mg/l 150 mg/l 2. Eliminate the bad odor of effluent and sludge tank 3. Remove the 65 cm thick layer on the sludge tank

47 JORDAN POULTRY SLAUGHTER HOUSE Objectives: 1. Reduce the parameters of effluent as follows Parameters Current Standard required COD 4211 mg/l 150 mg/l BOD 2725 mg/l 50 mg/l TSS 1276 mg/l 50 mg/l FOG 612 mg/l 5 mg/l NH4 310 mg/l 5 mg/l SVI 452 mg/l 150 mg/l 2. Eliminate the bad odor of effluent and sludge tank 3. Remove the 65 cm thick layer on the sludge tank

48 Conc (PPM) JORDAN POULTRY SLAUGHTER HOUSE Nat'l Poultry Slaughter House, Karak, Jordan - Aquaclean Trial MICROBE-LIFT IND Application started COD BOD TSS FOG PO4 NH /01/01 24/01/01 31/01/01 7/02/01 14/02/01 21/02/01 28/02/01 7/03/01 14/03/01 21/03/01 28/03/01 4/04/01 11/04/01 18/04/01 25/04/01 2/05/01 9/05/01 16/05/01 23/05/01 30/05/01 Date 6/06/01 13/06/01 20/06/01 27/06/01 4/07/01 11/07/01 18/07/01 25/07/01 1/08/01 8/08/01 15/08/01 22/08/01 29/08/01 5/09/01 12/09/01

49 Conclusion: Microorganisms are effective in reducing all wastewater parameters to within regulation limits in a fast and economical manner. The smell and floating crust were both eliminated very quickly. One month after the starting treatment, the color of the effluent turned pinkish for two weeks and became clear thereafter. The reason for the change was the highly active purple bacteria in the first four weeks when there was a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide in both the aeration and sludge tank.

50 Sugar Cane Seedlings in Guatemala

51 Soil Remediation in Peru (Chilli Peppers) Treatment with Microorganisms at 90 Days

52 Treated Manure Increased Fertilizer Value Hatfield uses treated pig manure as fertilizer Treated with Microorganisms since 2005, benefits: Corn yield increased 50% (120 to180 bushels) Odorless on field

53 Reference Soil Biology Primer, Elaine Ingram, et al, University of Oregon

54 Thank you

55 Questions

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