Benefits of using Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and energy saving techniques in the small community of Polystypos - Cyprus

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1 Conference on the promotion of Distributed Renewable Energy Sources in the Mediterranean region December 2009, Nicosia, Cyprus (Paper ref : 107) Benefits of using Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and energy saving techniques in the small community of Polystypos - Cyprus 1 Anthi Charalambous, Savvas Vlachos and Maria Ioannidou Abstract-- This paper examines the energy situation in a small rural community of Cyprus Polystypos which is located at Nicosia district with population of less than 200 inhabitants and altitude of 1150 meters. For the needs of this study, 3 different types of questionnaire were prepared and a survey was carried out by personal interviews door to door (see Appendices A, B, C). Based on information collected during the survey, qualitative results are presented but also results on current situation and energy demand. This paper aims also to present the energy, environmental and economic benefits of further penetration of renewables and energy saving techniques to community s households and public assets through the examination of 4 different scenarios. Index Terms Cyprus Communities, Polystypos, Solar Energy in Cyprus, energy consumption, renewables, energy saving, survey (qualitative and quantitative), Cost/benefit analysis, scenarios, environment C I. INTRODUCTION YPRUS is a small country with no electricity interconnections and depends almost totally on oil products imports (apx 96%). The penetration of renewables is still very low, however the utilization of solar energy for water heating is very high. Cyprus is the first country in the EU-27 [1] with m2 solar collectors/1000 inhabitants. The share of RES in the final energy consumption was of 2.4% in 2008 (with important contribution of solar thermal for water heating). The share of RES electricity generation was 0.2 % at the end of 2008 (from PV and biomass). The share of biofuels in the transport sector in 2008 is appreciated in 0.9% [2]. Cyprus has to increase the effort and the support to all viable RES technologies to reach the 2010 targets (although is still far to achieve by 2010). Besides the pure energy benefits, the environmental, economic and social benefits of using RES and energy saving techniques in the residential sector in small Anthi Charalambous is director of the Cyprus Energy Agency Savvas Vlahos is energy specialist of the Cyprus Energy Agency Maria Ioannidou is energy administrator of the Cyprus Energy Agency communities are also important. Using RES and by increasing the effort for energy saving in households in small rural and diverse communities contributes also to the decrease of the transmission losses and to the decentralized energy production. A. Targets of the present research The present research, aims to: Activate local self-government attendance on energy planning issues. Inform residents of the community about RES and energy saving. Concentrate information about the resident s knowledge on energy issues, the structural characteristics of buildings in the community, the household s energy requirements, and the community social and economic character. Extract conclusions on the final energy consumption in the community, the RES contribution in the local energy balance, and the environmental behaviour of residents. Examine the potential of RES technologies installation in the community. Estimate the energy and environmental benefits as a result of applying energy saving measures and RES utilisation. B. The Cyprus Communities Two types of Local Self-government Authorities exist in Cyprus. The Communities Councils and the Municipalities. The Communities Councils and the Communities Clusters are enumerated in 355 (non occupied communities 2 ), represent approximately the 42% of population and the 90% of the territorial area of Cyprus. The local authorities have rural, tourist or industrial character and are scattered in mountainous, flat and seaside areas of Cyprus. The number of Community Councils (non-occupied) per Province are: Nicosia 96 Lemesos 106 Larnaka 48 Paphos 99 Famagusta 6 2 Turkish Occupation of the rth part of the island since 1974.

2 2 The population of Cyprus Communities according to the inventory of 2001 [3] amounts in the (two hundred twenty nine thousands hundred nine) presenting increase ( 13%) concerning the population 1991 that was (two hundred one thousands six hundred twenty six). The population of Communities (non-occupied) per Province is: Nicosia Lemesos Larnaka Paphos Famagusta The 35 communities out of 355 are located of altitude from 500 to 600 m that corresponds in population of inhabitants. Moreover, 100 communities with total population of inhabitants are found in altitude greater than 600 m. This is to prove that an important number of population lives in mountainous communities of Cyprus. The energy requirements of the mountainous regions differ from those of urban areas. This is due to different needs of heating and cooling between mountainous and urban areas. C. Polystypos Polystypos is a mountainous community of Nicosia Province that is located at altitude of 1150 meters. The distance from Nicosia centre is 52 km and is near to communities of Alona, Agros, Alithinou, Livadia, Chandria and Agridia. The community has 169 permanent inhabitants, 84 households of permanent stay and 120 non permanent. Polystypos can be characterized as a very small rural community, with small number of permanent inhabitants and the total area does not exceed the 240 hectares. Tables I and II provide some statistical data on the economic activities in the community of Polystypos [3]. TABLE I ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN POLYSTYPOS Manufacturing Industries 2 Wholesale and retail trade 3 Hotels and Restaurants 6 Transports, storage and communications 1 Intermediary credit organisms 1 Management of properties 0 Public administration and defence, Obligatory social insurance 1 Activities of benefit of services 1 Private households that occupy domestic personnel 1 Total 16 TABLE II AGRICULTURE ACTIVITIES IN POLYSTYPOS Exploitations and used Num.of expl. agricultural areas by type Area (hectares) Total Mixed (Agricultural and veterinary surgeon) Purely Agricultural Area Num. of expl. Areas by type exploitations (hectares) Annual cultures Tree cultures Vines II. SOLAR ENERGY Solar energy use in Cyprus is very promising due to the fact that all the country s regions have long periods of sunlight in comparison with many other countries. For the entire summer period, on average, the duration of sunlight is 11.5 hours, while during the winter months of December and January, the cloudiest months, the period of sunlight decreases to 5.5 hours per day. Even in the upper regions of Troodos, in the winter months, the mean sunlight is about 4 hours per day, and in the months of June and July this value reaches 11 hours. Maximum sunlight (that is, the period from sunrise to sunset) fluctuates from 9,8 hours per day in December to 14,5 hours per day in June [4]. A. Solar heating systems The use of solar energy in Cyprus is achieved mainly through the installation of solar water heaters on the roofs of buildings and houses. The solar thermal water heaters have been widely applied in Cyprus since Today, 92% of households and 53% of hotels in Cyprus provide most of their hot water from the exploitation of solar radiation. Usually the systems are installed per household, have surface 3,8 m 2 solar collectors and 160 Lt hot water tank. The total installed area in 2007 was estimated at m 2. B. Photovoltaic systems In the recent 5 years, a remarkable increase in the installation of photovoltaic systems has been detected. Despite the initial high cost and the long payback period, the installation of small photovoltaic systems (up to 5kW) in households and small industries is economically beneficial, taking into consideration the subsidies and grants provided by the government. In Cyprus, the first Photovoltaic System grid connected with capacity of 484 KW was installed on 17/02/2005. The total electricity production from photovoltaics connected to the grid from February 2005 to February 2009 amounted to kwh [5]. Particularly, only for the year 2008, the total electricity generation from grid connected photovoltaics was kwh. The total installed capacity of photovoltaic systems connected to the distribution system of Electricity Authority of Cyprus (EAC) was 1,787 MW at the end of February 2009 [5]. The total installed capacity of autonomous photovoltaic systems (not connected to the electricity grid) according to the Energy Service (by the end of 2008)

3 3 amounted to 0,605 MW. Therefore, the total installed capacity for photovoltaics in Cyprus, until February 2009, was 2,392 MW. In conclusion, it is estimated that the electricity produced from photovoltaics (grid connected and autonomous PVs) for the year 2008 was kwh. III. METHODOLOGY The methodology followed for the achievement of the objectives of this study was the following: Preparation of a general questionnaire on the energy consumption in the community s public assets. The President of the community s council was interviewed (Appendix A). Preparation of a questionnaire to gather qualitative information on how informed are the inhabitants on RES and energy saving. The permanent inhabitants were surveyed by personal interviews (Appendix B). Preparation of a quantitative questionnaire on buildings and energy consumption in households. The permanent inhabitants were interviewed (Appendix C). A. Information and data collection about Polystypos For the collection of necessary information and data, a bibliographic research was first carried out. After that, a meeting with the president of community council took place and then the permanent inhabitants were surveyed. For the needs of this study, three types of questionnaire were prepared. The first concerned general questions to the president of the community council about the public buildings, energy consumption, etc. (Appendix A). The second one was addressed to the residents including general questions on their knowledge on RES and energy savings. This questionnaire aimed to extract qualitative conclusions (Appendix B). The third questionnaire was addressed also to the residents and aimed to export qualitative and quantitative conclusions on energy consumption of households. Furthermore, information about houses structural characteristics, was collected (Appendix C). As a result, the following information was gathered: Inhabitant s knowledge regarding energy issues Building type and characteristics of public buildings Households energy consumption Street lighting energy consumption Social and economic character of the community B. Information collection Interviews door to door in Polystypos were carried out based on the questionnaires. During the interviews the residents had also the opportunity to learn about renewable energy sources and energy savings. The inhabitants were also informed about the establishment and operation of the Cyprus Energy Agency. C. Results evaluation A database was created to keep the data collected. The information was screened, classified and assessed. Furthermore, different scenarios were developed in order to evaluate the possibilities for the installation of RES systems in the community and the energy saving were also examined. Finally a financial analysis was carried out for the different scenarios. IV. QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS A. General Questionnaire The general questionnaire aimed to identify the level of knowledge and familiarity of the Polystypos inhabitants on energy and environment issues. Furthermore, the average annual income per household in Polystypos was appreciated roughly at The average annual income was used as an indicator for the evaluation of socio-economic character of the community. The following figure presents the results of the qualitative questionnaire. Little 24% Well enough 14% Very well 0% t informed 34% Very little 28% Fig. 1. How well you are informed about the Renewable Energy Sources? It was observed that the 80% of the inhabitants took part in the survey are not informed about the renewable energy sources. Answers number Wind Solar Biomass Geothermal Hydro Fig. 2. Which type of renewable energy source do you Know?. It was observed that the residents are familiar with solar energy (50%), followed by wind energy (22%) and biomass (19%). A limited number of residents knew the hydroelectric (9%). Worth nothing that nobody participated in the survey was familiar with geothermal energy.

4 4 Answers Number Wind Solar Biomass Geothermal Hydro Don't Know Fig. 3. Which forms of Renewable Energy Sources do you consider most promising for Cyprus? It was observed that the community residents believe that the solar energy (60%) is the most promising for Cyprus followed by wind and biomass. A very small number of respondents were unable to provide answer to this question. Don't Know 14% t important 3% Very important 66% Least important 0% Less important 3% Important 14% Fig. 4. How important is the use of Renewable Energy Sources in Cyprus? The 80% of the inhabitants believe that the promotion of RES is important for Cyprus. An important percentage (14%) did not answer this question. A smaller percentage (6%) answered that the promotion of RES is not important. Neutral 10% Dissatisfied 31% Satisfied 3% Very satisfied 0% Don't Know 7% Very dissatisfied 49% Fig. 5. Are you satisfied with the promotion of Renewable Energy Sources in Cyprus? The higher percentage considers that the promotion of RES in Cyprus is not satisfactory. Only 3% answered that it is satisfactory. Is important to mention, that more than 80% of the residents do not know about the governmental support schemes for the promotion of RES and energy saving. B. Technical Questionnaire Some of the most important results extracted from technical questionnaire are given in the following Table III. TABLE III RESULTS OF TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE Average area of houses in Polystypos 120 m 2 Average number of bedrooms of 2-3 bedrooms houses Average houses age 20 years Occupancy per house 3 people Number of houses with insulation 0 Number of windows per house 7 windows with average area 1 m 2 per window Percentage of double glazing 60% windows in houses Average Electricity Consumption per household 850 kwh/year.house Type of energy/fuel used for cooking LPG Average LPG consumption used for cooking 15 kg per house per month Average wood (biomass) 5700 kg per consumption house per year Average heating diesel consumption 525 Lt per house per year Average LPG consumption used for 110 kg per heating house per month Percentage of houses utilize solar 53% panels for water heating Percentage of houses utilize 20% electricity for water heating Percentage of houses utilize diesel for 9% water heating Percentage of houses utilize wood 4% (biomass) for water heating Percentage of houses utilize LPG for 67% water heating Percentage of fluorescent lamps used 60% in houses The following pie chart shows the distribution of heating methods in households. Central heating with diesel 10% Air condition 3% Fireplace 16% Wood heater 16% Diesel heater 10% Fig. 6. Type of house heating in Polystypos Electric heater 6% LPG heater 39% It is clear form the above Fig. 6 that the LPG heaters, the wood heaters and the fireplaces have the higher contribution. C. Total energy consumption According to the responses of those surveyed the total energy consumption in the community was estimated. Seasonal differences as regards energy consumption were observed. The total energy demand is much higher during

5 5 winter period due to heating needs; thought electricity is not used for heating. Worth mentioning that only few households utilize air-conditioning systems for cooling during summer due to the mild weather conditions during summer months. As a result, the total electricity demand in the community as a whole is constant at the duration of a year. The following Fig. 7 shows the total energy consumption by fuel type and use during summer and winter HOUSEHOLDS PUBLIC PLACES AND LIGHTING OIL summer LPG winter ELECTRICITY SPACE HEATING HOT WATER COOKING Fig. 7. Total energy consumption during summer and winter in Polystypos by fuel type and use Despite the absence of RES utilization for electricity generation in the Community of Polystypos e.g. (PV and wind), the RES contribution in the total energy consumption is very high as a result of biomass use for space heating (46%) and solar for water heating (4%). LPG 18% ELECTRICITY 16% OIL PRODUCTS 16% BIOMASS RES 50% SOLAR ENERGY 4% Fig. 8. Share of RES in the total energy consumption in Polystypos. V. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS - SCENARIOS SOLAR LPG LPG BIOMASS 46% The present study examines 4 different scenarios for sustainable energy planning in the community. These scenarios are: Scenario 1 Installation of 45 solar water heaters Scenario 2 Installation of 25 Photovoltaic systems Scenario 3 Installation of 50 Photovoltaic systems Scenario 4 Replacement the present inefficient street lighting with the efficient LED lamps. The evaluation of these 4 scenarios was made taking into consideration the hereunder quantitative parameters: Energy savings (Contribution of RES and energy saving to the energy balance) Environmental benefits (reduction of CO 2 emissions) Economic benefits (e.g. electricity bill, income from selling electricity) Decentralized electricity production, which helps the reduction of transmission and distribution losses. Furthermore, the involvement of citizens and local authorities to the local energy planning has to be considered. For the Economic analysis a Clean Energy Project Analysis Software RETSCREEN (version 4.1) was used. A. Scenario 1- Installation 45 solar water heaters Currently in Polystypos, to cover the hot water needs 4 different types of heaters are used depending on the fuel source: Solar water heaters Electric water heaters LPG water heaters Heating Diesel water heaters This scenario examines the installation of solar water heaters for the partial replacement of electric heaters and LPG heaters that are used in households that doesn t utilise solar water heater. It is proposed the installation of 45 solar systems (in 45 houses) which will be constituted by 2 solar collectors (total surface 3.8 m 2 ) and hot water storage tank (160 Lt). The total cost for the installation of each system is roughly appreciated 800. For the needs of scenario 1 the following data were taken into consideration: 3 people live per household Daily hot water consumption is 150 Lt The hot water temperature is 60 o C Meteorological elements for the Province of Nicosia from the RETSCREEN database Minimal water temperature 1 o C (Winter) Higher water temperature 23 o C (Summer) Cost of kwh is 0,10 Cost of LPG is 10 /10kg Heat demand: 3,1 /year.house Heat demand will covered with solar collectors: 2,2 / year.house Heat demand will covered with other way: 0,9 / year.house Efficiency of electricity power stations in Cyprus: 35% Electricity Transmission and distribution Grid looses: 13,6% [Source: TSO] The tables below show the analysis for each one model household. TABLE IV

6 6 ANALYSIS FOR HOUSEHOLD MODEL 1 Model Household 1 Base case Only LPG Proposed case LPG and Solar Daily hot water demand 150 Lt 150 Lt Annual heat demand 3,1 3,1 Annual LPG consumption 302 kg 85 kg Annual LPG cost CO 2 emissions 0,9 tn 0,3 tn Solar heat per year 2,2 Annual LPG saving 217 kg Annual saving 217 Annual CO 2 emissions reduction 0,6 tn IRR 29% Payback 3,7 years TABLE V ANALYSIS FOR HOUSEHOLD MODEL 2 Model Household 2 Base case Only Electricity Proposed case Electricity and solar Daily hot water demand 150 Lt 150 Lt Annual heat demand 3,1 3,1 Annual electricity consumption 4,4 1,2 Annual electricity cost CO 2 emissions 3,8 tn 1,1 tn Solar heat per year 2,2 Annual electricity saving 3,6 Annual saving 346 Annual CO 2 emissions reduction 2,7 tn IRR 45% Payback 2,3 years It is estimated that from the 45 households without solar heater, the 33 use LPG for water heating and the 12 electricity. This is estimated from the questionnaires results. The table below summarizes the results of the Scenario 1. TABLE VI SUMMARY FOR SCENARIO 1 Scenario 1 Installation 45 solar water heaters Total cost Annual heat demand Annual LPG saving Annual electricity saving Kg 43,2 Annual CO 2 emissions reduction 52,2 tones Annual saving Average IRR 33,27 % Payback 3,3 years B. Scenario 2 and 3 - Installation 25 and 50 photovoltaic systems For the development of scenarios 2 and 3 the following parameters were taken into account: Photovoltaic systems life span: 20 years Total cost for photovoltaic systems: /KW Capacity factor for photovoltaic: 15 % Co-Financing Support Scheme 3 : 55% of capital investment Loan: 45% of capital investment Loan interest-rate: 6,5% Cost of maintenance (duration of 20 years): 30 /year.kw. Meteorological elements for the Province of Nicosia the RETSCREEN database. It was taken into consideration that the production of energy will be decreased because the place and the altitude of community (in comparison with non-mountainous areas). Feed-in tariff per kwh-e: 0, 225 / kwh 4 The following Tables present the results of the financial analysis: TABLE VII SUMMARY FOR THE SCENARIOS 2 AND 3 Each ROOF 3 kwp 25 roofs scenario 2 50 roofs scenario 3 Power capacity kw Capacity factor % Electricity exported to grid /year Electricity export rate / 225,00 225,00 COST AND INCOME SUMMARY Total initial costs Periodic costs (20 years) Cycle Analysis Cost Incentives and grants (55%) Total Annual costs Annual savings and income FINANCIAL VIABILITY IRR % 11,3 11,3 Payback years 8,1 8,1 Net Present Value (NPV) Annual life cycle savings /year Benefit-Cost ratio 1,68 1,68 Energy production cost / 108,70 108,70 EMISSIONS ANALYSIS Net annual GHG emission reduction tco 2/year C. Scenario 4 Replacement the present inefficient street lighting with the efficient LED lamps In Polystypos exist 124 lamps of 70 Watt for street lighting. The annual electricity consumption for the street lighting is estimated about kwh. The Electricity Authority of Cyprus is planning to import a new type of lamps (LED technology) for street lighting. LED is constituted by small provisions of semiconductors that produce light when they are activated by small tendency current. The LED lamps have the following main characteristics: Low energy consumption 3 Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism Supported Schemes for investments on RES use for persons and bodies engaged in non profit-making activities

7 7 18 years (minimal) life span maintenance free High brightness Effervescent white light Exterior wrapping made of aluminium Fast switching on Low heat production Easy installation Furthermore they have the following advantages: Energy saving up to 80% CO 2 emissions reduction Reliable for the road traffic safety luminous pollution one UV radiation one IR radiation It does not contain mercury or sodium maintenance expenses The cost of the LED lamps is roughly 3 to 4 times higher than the cost of the lamps that are used today. Nevertheless, due to the lower energy consumption and longer life span, such investment is characterised by short payback period. Financial analysis: Cost for 124 new lamps: This investment can be subsidised by the Support Schemes of Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism with a 30% percentage of the initial investment. The subsidy amounts to The energy saving that will be achieved concerning the existing lamps is 80%. It is estimated that kwh will be saved per year. Average price per kwh for street lighting in the next 15 years: 0,13 / kwh Saving cost from maintenance or replacement of existing lamps for the next 15 years: 460 / year The tables that follow present the results of the analysis. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS TABLE VIII ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR THE SCENARIO 4 Total initial costs Incentives and grants (30%) Annual savings (electricity) Annual savings (maintenance/replacement) 460 Total Annual savings Payback years 6,6 Net Present Value (NPV) EMISSIONS ANALYSIS Net annual GHG emission reduction tco 2/year 36 VI. SCENARIOS EVALUATION A comparative evaluation of the 4 scenarios will be presented in the Chapter. The evaluation, as it was mentioned in previous paragraph, consists the below main quantitative parameters: Energy profits (Contribution of RES) Environmental profits (Reduction of CO 2 emissions) Financial profits The comparison table bellow summarizes the benefits of each scenario. Energy Annual electricity saving Annual LPG saving Annual Clean electricity production Annual Heat production Total Energy profit () Financial Total initial costs grants included ( ) Payback (years) Net Present Value ( ) Environmental Annual CO2 emissions reduction (tco 2/year) TABLE IX COMPARISON TABLE FOR THE 4 SCENARIOS Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 38, kg , , ,6 1,2 Toe , ,2 8,5 19 1, ,3 8,1 8,1 6, , VII. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS The conclusions of this study can be summarized in two categories. The qualitative results of the survey and the quantitative results of the scenarios developed. Qualitative Results: The annual income per household does not exceed the % of the permanent residents are not informed about renewables. Among those surveyed only the 20% were informed about the governmental support schemes. The energy demand for heating is high especially during winter period and the fuel used for heating is wood biomass and heating diesel. The wood biomass used is not registered and not certified. The inhabitants are very sensitive about environmental protection and believe that the utilization of RES is important for the protection of environment. 60% of the lamps used in the households are economic fluorescence lamps and this due to the campaign of Electricity Authority of Cyprus and the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism (6 lamps per household). 50% of the households utilize solar water heat, although many of those surveyed complained about the low life

8 8 span of solar panels as some panels broke during winter time. Many have already replaced the broken panels with new, meaning that they are satisfied by the utilization of solar energy for water heating. Quantitative results: In the present study 4 different scenarios were examined which will contribute to the improvement of energy situation in the community. Nevertheless, might be interesting to further examine and extent this study to other alternative solutions e.g. geothermal heat pumps, small wind generators, house thermal insulation etc. From the scenarios that were examined, the three are proposed for implementation, the scenarios 1, 2 and 4. The energy and environmental benefits are presented in the Table XII below. TABLE X ENERGY BENEFITS FROM THE COMBINATION OF SCENARIOS 1, 2 AND 4 Scenario Annual electricity saving Annual LPG saving Annual RES electricity production kg 99 Total Energy Saving () 19,3 4,5 6,3 8,5 is expected a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions around 343 tons per year. Carbon dioxide emissions are under trade in Europe with prices between 10 and 25 per tone. This means an additional economic benefit for Cyprus (range per year). LPG 16,2% ELECTRICITY 10,8% OIL PRODUCTS 16,5% SOLAR ELECTRICITY 3,4% SOLAR 6,9% BIOMASS 46,2% Fig. 9. Proposed energy balance in Polystypos after the implementation of scenarios 1, 2 and 4. VIII. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was prepared with the valuable contribution of the Cyprus Union of Communities and the assistance of the President of the Polystypos Community Council Mr. Marios Argyrou. The energy balance of Polystypos is expected to be modified in the form that is presented in the figure bellow. The most important improvements are: Renewable electricity production share to the total energy consumption 3% (at the present stage is 0%) The annual electricity demand in Polystypos will be decreased from 478 to 421. From the 421 of electricity demand the 99 will be generated from RES (23,5% RES-e) Increase the RES contribution in the total energy consumption to 56,6% (In the present stage is 50%). The initial cost for the community (included subsidy from the RES special fund) is roughly estimated around The Net Present Value of this investment is appreciated The payback period is different for each scenario. TABLE XI ECONOMIC BENEFITS FROM THE COMBINATION OF SCENARIOS 1, 2 AND 4 Scenario Annual cost saving (from electricity saving) Annual cost saving (from LPG saving) Annual income from RES electricity production Total Annual Economic benefit Also, as environmental profit from the three scenarios, it IX. REFERENCES [1] Eur Observer vember 2008 European Renewable Energy Council [2] Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism - Cyprus [3] Statistical Service of Cyprus - Statistical Service - Population and Social Conditions: Key Figure - SOCIAL PROTECTION, [4] Meteorological Service of Cyprus [5] Electricity Authority of Cyprus Annual report X. BIOGRAPHIES Anthi Charalambous is a Chemical Engineer with MSc in Environmental Engineering and MBA. She has been working abroad on waste and wastewater management and treatment, participating in European projects (OPET, ALTENER, TACIS etc), in the Caspian Environment Programme as EU industrial pollution expert etc. She was working for 7 years in the Cyprus Institute of Energy among them the 4 years was nominated as Energy Attaché working in Brussels in the Permanent Representation of Cyprus to the EU. She was working also in DG Energy and Transport/D2 Unit on RES Technologies. Since vember 2008 is the Director of the Cyprus Energy Agency. Savvas Vlachos holds a degree on Environmental Engineering and is specialized on energy efficiency. He is currently finalizing his master degree on Civil Engineering. He has strong technical background and he has experience on environmental management and protection. He joined the Cyprus Energy Agency in January 2009 and he is responsible of carrying out energy audits, following up and supervising projects related with RES and energy efficiency. He also acts as an information point to public, businesses,

9 9 authorities and suppliers and provides technical advice on Renewable Energy Sources technologies and Saving Energy techniques. Maria Ioannidou is Mechanical Engineer and holds a degree on energy resources management. She was working as mechanical engineer and carried our several mechanical studies of buildings. She joined the Cyprus Energy Agency in January 2009 and she is mainly responsible for the information campaigns, education, training etc.

10 10 XI. APPENDIX Appendix A: Questionnaire that was addressed to the president of the community s council to collect information on energy needs of public assets Community Population Number of permanent inhabitants Number of nonpermanent inhabitants Description Roof type Energy consumption Lighting Polystypos Community Utilization of RES 4 Public buildings Community public lighting Public buildings and areas lighting Solid waste produced in the community Number of lamps Lamp type Lamp capacity Lamp use (hours per day) Number of lamps Lamp type Lamp capacity Lamp use (hours per day) Type Mass Mean/Max Management/Treatment 8 Suggestions

11 11 Appendix B: General Questionnaire addressed to the Community residents (used for qualitative analysis). 1 Sex: 2 Age: 3 Profession: 4 Annual household income: 5 How well you are informed about the Renewable Energy Sources? 6 Which Renewable Energy Sources do you Know? 7 Which forms of Renewable Energy Sources do you consider that they are promising for Cyprus? 8 How important is the use of Renewable Energy Sources in Cyprus? Are you satisfied with the promotion of renewable energy sources in Cyprus? For which reasons do you believe that the renewable energy sources should be promoted? Would you install a Renewable Energy Source system in your household? Do you about the governmental subsidies schemes supporting RES technologies? 13 How important is the energy saving techniques in households? 14 Are you interested in learning energy saving techniques? 15 Will you apply energy saving techniques in your house? Section A General Questions Section B About RES and Energy saving t informed Very little Little Well enough Very well informed Wind Solar Biomass Geothermal Hydro Wind Solar Biomass Geothermal Hydro Don t know t important Least important Less important Important Very important Don t Know Very dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Very satisfied Protection of Environment They are renewable Conformity with European directives The danger of obliteration of conventional fuels Energy production in isolated systems Social Benefits Economic benefits thing Very little Little Well enough Very well

12 12 Appendix C: Technical Questionnaire addressed to the Community residents. 1 Sex: 2 Age: 3 Profession: 4 Annual income of household: 5 Area of your house 6 Year of construction: 7 How many residents live in your house? Rooms: Area (m 2 ): Section A General Questions Section B House description 8 Type of house roof. 9 Direction of your house roof. 10 Angle and roof dimensions. 11 Material used for exterior walls and thickness (cm). 12 Do you use house thermal insulation; 13 Number of windows in your house. 14 Do you have double glazing windows? East South-east South South-west West Angle Length Width Top width Stone Brick Forced concrete

13 13 15 Mean energy consumption in your house. 16 Max energy consumption in your house. When? 17 Any other electricity source. 18 Do you use LPG for cooking? Number of bottles 19 Type of heating in your house. 20 Wood consumption for fireplace. (kg/winter) 21 Heating diesel consumption for central heating system. (Lt/winter) 22 Heating diesel consumption for diesel heater. (Lt/winter) 23 LPG consumption for LPG heater. (bottles/winter) 24 Type of cooling system. 25 Do you have solar water heater? 26 Surface of solar collectors. 27 Are you satisfied with the solar water heaters? 28 How often do you use electric water heater? 29 Do you use any other type of water heating? 30 Number of lamps for interior and exterior lighting 31 Percentage (%) of fluorescent lamps used. Section C Energy Consumption c1- Electricity Consumption /2 months KWh/2 months /2 months KWh/2 months Month Power Type Mean monthly consumption (c.m.) Maz monthly consumption (c.m.) Air condition Central heating system (boiler) Fire place Diesel heater LPG heater Electric heater... Air condition Fans ne Very little Little Well enough Very well Almost zero 1 hour per day 2 hours per day 3 hours per day More Winter c2 Heating system c3 Water heating Summer c4 - Lighting