DISTRICT COOLING HEAT REJECTION. Dubai 09/04/2018
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1 DISTRICT COOLING HEAT REJECTION Dubai 09/04/2018
2 AGENDA District Cooling DC Heat Rejection Design Efficiency VS Average Efficiency Practical Examples Air Cooled VS Water Cooled in DUBAI
3 AGENDA District Cooling DC Heat Rejection Design Efficiency VS Average Efficiency Practical Examples Air Cooled VS Water Cooled in DUBAI
4 DISTRICT COOLING Centralized production and distribution of Cooling Energy District cooling is an integral energy infrastructure to reduce strain on the electric grid caused by increasing demands for air conditioning, which typically create 50%-70% of peak electricity demand Industrial-grade equipments and industrial practices ensure the reliability and safety Adding a thermal energy storage can reduces the costs and the environmental impact (green technology)
5 BENEFITS OF DISTRICT COOLING Reduction in peak Electricity Demand Reduction in CO2 Emissions Optimization of the installed cooling capacity Recognized Green Technology with Carbon Credit Operation and Maintenance Services provided by experts Higher Reliability & Efficiency Mitigate Heat Island Effect Possibility of Energy Storage
6 AGENDA District Cooling DC Heat Rejection Design Efficiency VS Average Efficiency Practical Examples Air Cooled VS Water Cooled in DUBAI
7 DISTRICT COOLING HEAT REJECTION Heat Rejection Technologies Thermal Energy Storage Tank Modular High-Efficient Industrial Chillers Electrical & Control Modules
8 DISTRICT COOLING HEAT REJECTION COOLING TOWER EVAPORATIVE Low electrical consumption High water consumption (can work with TSE) Cooling Water required Periodical chemical treatment required Potential risk of Legionella Contamination DRY CONDENSATION Higher Electrical Consumption Better efficiency at night with low peak tariff No water consumption No Cooling Water pumps Low and economical operation and maintenance Clean system with no potential risk of contamination SEA WATER Low Electrical Consumption No water consumption (water is passed through) Special materials are needed (Titanium) The river or the sea water must be close to the power plant
9 AGENDA District Cooling DC Heat Rejection Design Efficiency VS Average Efficiency Practical Examples Air Cooled VS Water Cooled in DUBAI
10 DISTRICT COOLING HEAT REJECTION COMPARISON OF TECHNOLOGIES WORST DESIGN CONDITIONS (WB: 31 ºC, DB:47 ºC, SW TEMP: 33 ºC) Electrical Consumption KW/TR Water Cons l/trh Technology Chiller CW Pumps Fans CHW Pumps Total for TSE water Cooling Tower + Water Cooled Chiller Air Cooled Industrial Direct Condensation Sea Water Cooled Chillers Ti Condensers
11 DISTRICT COOLING HEAT REJECTION
12 DISTRICT COOLING HEAT REJECTION
13 DISTRICT COOLING HEAT REJECTION COMPARISON OF TECHNOLOGIES YEARLY AVERAGE Electrical Consumption KW/TR Water Cons l/trh Technology Chiller CW Pumps Fans CHW Pumps Total for TSE water Cooling Tower + Water Cooled Chiller Air Cooled Industrial Direct Condensation Sea Water Cooled Chillers Ti Condensers
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16 THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE
17 AGENDA District Cooling DC Heat Rejection Design Efficiency VS Average Efficiency Practical Examples And Recommendations Air Cooled VS Water Cooled in DUBAI
18 COOLING TOWERS - EVAPORATIVE KEY DESIGN GUIDELINESS Chillers selection and arrangement 1. Select double compressor chillers or arrange the chillers in series counter flow 2. Select the chiller with electronic expansion valves able to work at 100% load and reduced Cooling Water Temperature 3. Select the chillers at ZERO Tolerance Heat rejection 1. Evaluate the use of evaporative condensers 2. Select the optimum Cooling water flow to obtain the maximum overall efficiency considering chiller efficiency and pumping cost 3. Select cooling tower material according to the site conditions (FRP) 4. Try to use TSE Water
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20 AIR COOLED KEY DESIGN GUIDELINESS Use of High-Capacity Industrial Condensers 1. Ensure fin spacing of at least 2.8mm 2. Ensure anti corrosive coating (kathodische Tauchlackierung KTL) 3. Chose large size fans (same concept as for cooling towers) Use High-Efficiency Compressors 1. Twin Screws oil flooded (medium and large capacities) 2. Centrifugal with magnetic bearing and inverter (medium capacities) 3. Four Stage centrifugal (large and very large capacities)
21 PLANT INTEGRATION IN THE SURROUNDING AREAS
22 ABDALI DISTRICT HEATING AND COOLING PLANT Building DC Plant Implementation
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24 SEA WATER COOLED KEY DESIGN GUIDELINESS Materials in contact with sea water 1. Select Full titanium Condensers 2. Select Super Duplex Pumps 3. Select non metallic piping (GRP or HDPE) Environmental 1. Use environmental friendly fouling protection 2. Respect the temperature limits for discharge (typically 5ºC increase) Filtration 1. Ensure adequate filtration 2. Use back flushing
25 AYLA OASIS DISTRICT COOLING PLANT
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28 AGENDA District Cooling DC Heat Rejection Design Efficiency VS Average Efficiency Practical Examples And Recommendations Air Cooled VS Water Cooled in DUBAI
29 CHARACTERISTICS TRADITIONAL SOLUTION AIR COOLED SOLUTION Rated Efficiency 0.85 kw/tr 1.21 kw/tr Yearly Efficiency 0.78 KW/TR 0.99 kw/tr Heat Rejection Device Cooling Towers Indirect condensation Aerocondensers Direct Condensation Refrigerant R134a as standard R134a as standard Water Consumption Special requirements Potable: TSE: 8 l/trh 12 l/trh Sand separators, chemical injection, CT fill replacement Running cost (Elect + Water+ Chemicals) 1 Potable: AED/TRh TSE: AED/TRh ADVANTAGES Standard solution ZERO N/A AED/TRh No water consumption Low maintenance cost Low operation cost No water supply dependant. No legionella risk Note 1: Electricity cost considered: 0.43 AED/kWh. Potable water cost considered: 11.5 AED/m3 TSE cost considered: 1.32 AED/m3
30 THANK YOU FOR YOUR TTENTION THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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