Integration of Solid Sorbent CO 2 Capture Technology to Provide Flexible CO 2 Capture Options in a Time of Regulatory Uncertainty

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1 Integration of Solid Sorbent CO 2 Capture Technology to Provide Flexible CO 2 Capture Options in a Time of Regulatory Uncertainty EUEC February 6, 2014

2 Agenda Implications of New Regulations Goals for CO 2 Capture Overview of Post Combustion Capture Advantages of PCCC Focus Areas for Improvement ADA CO 2 Program Overview Process Development Construction update Pilot Testing Overview

3 Regulatory Outlook Proposed US EPA rule for new fossil plants: CO 2 emissions limit of 1,100 lbs/mwh. Higher limits are expected for existing plants % CO 2 capture required from a new coal-fired unit, depending upon the specific steam cycle and fuel utilized. Potential Consequence: Limiting CO 2 emissions regulations to coal-fired plants will effectively eliminate plans to build for new coal-plant and severely reduce continued investments in development of capture technologies. Regulatory driver for development is required (e.g. some control requirements for all fossil plants including gas).

4 Current Department of Energy Goals Implementation of technologies to achieve CO 2 capture at a cost of ~$40/tonne by Achieve CO 2 capture at a cost of <$40/tonne by $40/tonne of CO 2 may be a roughly break even point for EOR.

5 Post-Combustion CO 2 Capture Flue Gas 12% CO 2 74% N 2 12% H 2 O 4% O 2 STEAM Emission Control SO 2, NO x, Hg, Particulate WATER CO 2 Capture CO 2 Coal* 50% C 20% H 2 O 12% O 2 5% Ash 3% H 2 (S, Hg) Air 78% N 2 21% O 2 *Coal composition varies greatly with grade and source. Purified CO 2 to Storage Regeneration

6 Advantages of PCCC An advantage of post combustion carbon capture, unlike fuel switching or oxy-fuel retrofit, is that it may be implemented as a trim over a broad range of CO 2 capture from ~5-90% to meet a wide range of potential regulatory requirements and industry needs. It is not a binary all in requirement.

7 Carbon Capture Technologies: Improvement Areas for Post-Combustion Reduce energy requirements Reduce costs Reduce water use and aqueous waste generation Reduce process footprint requirements Improved performance for cycling plants (grid stability with renewables)

8 Potential Benefits of Solid Sorbents Regeneration energy penalty Lower sensible heat requirement, especially as heat recovery techniques are developed focus of ongoing research Lower latent heat from evaporation of H 2 O Corrosion Negligible corrosion. Less expensive materials of construction may be utilized. No corrosion inhibitors required Water Use Reduced water requirements Potentially hazardous discharges No measured emission of volatile amines, minimal liquid waste

9 Development Approach Phase I: Concept Phase II: Pilot Testing (1 MW) Phase III: Demonstration (> 25 MW) Commercial Implementation Begin with the end in mind Identify cost drivers Focus R&D and execute work schedule with commercialization goal in mind DE-FE

10 Pilot Validation Project Overview Phase I: 18 months Refine 500 MW Conceptual Design and Sorbent Selection Design 1 MW pilot Scale down to 1 MW Manufacture and Construction Manufacture Sorbents Fabricate and Install 1 MW pilot Phase II: 24 months Phase III: 13 months 1 MW Testing Develop 500 MW Preliminary Design Conduct Technoeconomic analysis Demonstration Phase

11 Sorbent Isotherms CO 2 Loading (wt%) Capture CO 2 Working Capacity Adsorption Temp (40ºC) Regeneration Temp (120ºC) Regen CO 2 Partial Pressure (bar)

12 ADAsorb Key Process Design Benefits Fluidized bed Low mass transfer limitations Heat transfer (near isothermal operation possible) Equipment Fixed/moving bed components have been demonstrated successfully on the required scale Approaches counter-current gas/solids contacting J.F. Davidson, Fluidization ADA-ES, Inc. All Rights Reserved

13 ADAsorb Process Flue gas passes through adsorber module where sorbent particle adsorbs CO 2 Regenerable solid sorbent cycles between adsorber and regenerator. Increased temperature in regenerator releases CO 2 CO 2 Adsorber Flue Gas Preparation Baghouse Baghouse CO 2 Compression Regenerator Flue Gas Flue Gas CO 2 Sorbent Patent Pending Design Flue Gas CO 2 Solid Sorbent Heat Exchanger Process Blower CO 2 Storage

14 Pilot Construction Activities Pilot designed in modules Off-site fabrication

15 Pilot Module Transport ADA-ES, Inc. All Rights Reserved

16 Pilot Location

17 Construction at Plant Miller

18 Pilot Project Accomplishments to Date Full-Scale Design and Sorbent Selection Review Sorbent Characteristics, Field Data, Viability Assessment, Modeling Efforts Prepare & Review of Commercial Scale Process Economics, Refine 500 MW Commercial Design Design 1MW Pilot Procure and Manufacture Sorbent Procured and in storage Validated performance with lab-scale screening and cold-flow model tests Procure & Construct Pilot Equipment: Construction Complete Install Pilot: Essentially Complete Start-Up Pilot: Commissioning scheduled fall 2014

19 Process Validation Pilot Testing Host Site: Southern Company Alabama Power Co. Plant Miller 4 Units (~2,640 MW e ) Flagship Plant Subbituminous PRB Coal WFGD Pilot Designed for 90% CO 2 Capture ~2,100 lb CO 2 /hr Flue Gas Flow Rate ~ 3,500 ACFM Pilot located downstream of WFGD on Unit 1

20 Pilot Testing: Focus Areas Sorbent attrition physical & chemical Volatile emissions Validate regeneration energy requirement Measure actual adsorption temperatures to maintain 90% CO 2 capture Process effects from flue gas constituents Optimize process variables Temperatures Sorbent circulation rates CO 2 purity Sorbent regeneration time

21 Continuing Development Focus Areas Process heat recovery Process integration Sorbents Progressive implementation on cycling plants

22 Summary Post combustion capture provides operational flexibility to meet progressive emissions regulations Solids-based capture: Can be integrated into a load following plant Potential to meet and exceed DOE goals Will be validated at the pilot-scale in 2014

23 Project Team DOE NETL o Project Sponsor ADA-ES, Inc. o Project Management o Developed Process Concept o Sorbent Eval & Selection o Process Validation Testing o Techno-Economic Assessment o Cost Share Technip Stone and Webster Process Technology o Detailed Engineering Services Significant Experience with Fluidized Bed Reactor Design Stantec Consulting, Ltd. o Cost Analysis, Plant Integration Owners Engineer Perspective McAbee Construction Pilot fab and installation EPRI o Technical Advisor o Cost Share o Independent Performance Evaluation and Techno- Economic Assessment Southern Company o Host Site, Cost Share Luminant o Cost Share

24 Questions? William Morris, PhD Technology Manager