Perspectives and Challenges of Integrated Water Resources Management

Transcription

1 Perspectives and Challenges of Integrated Water Resources Management Prof. Dr. Soontak LEE Chairperson / President, UNESCO IHP Intergovernmental Council President, International (IHES) Distinguished Professor, Yeungnam University, Republic of Korea

2 CONTENTS General Perspectives Key Concept and Issues of IWRM Challenges and Directions of IWRM IWRM Implementation IWRM Spiral Conceptual Model Conclusion

3 General Perspectives Historical Perspective International Population Demand Pollution Use of the Floodplain Ecosystem Stress Classic Development Question: Do we move people to the water or do we move the water to the people

4 Water Management Environment Rapid increase in urban water demand Strong public interests on environments Competition among various demands on limited water resources Big increase in cost for water supply expansion High cost in water quality control and management Uncertain future for water call huge increase in social expense for national/regional water supply

5 Water Problems Remained, Became Complex and Regional before Early1990s after International Simple, fundamental Water shortage/flood Each ministry Solve independently Water supply, flood mitigation, sewer treatment Complex and basin-wide Environment/allocation Impossible to solve independently Owing to poor collaboration/ coordination and integration, problems have accumulated

6 Water Issues International

7 Key concept and Issues of IWRM Changing Paradigm and the Needs for IWRM International Water resources for economic growth Construction of water supply facilities Water treatment facility expansion Simple engineering problem Government-led management Water for sustainable development & management Water supply and demand management Considering environment and ecology Multi-sectoral problem (social, econo., & env.) Participation of interested parties(consensus) Basinwide IWRM considering surface/groundwater, quantity/quality, water and adjacent land (Agenda 21 from UNCED, 1992)

8 IWRM Definition (I) A Process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems A continuum of PROCESS as a way of avoiding or resolving conflicts over water(not as a finished & inviolate set of projects!) as a way of achieving 3 key goals: equity, efficiency, sustainability!

9 IWRM Definition (II) consideration of water, land and all surrounding natural resources coordinated and participatory development and management of resources consideration of human systems economy, society maximizing resultant economic benefits and social welfare equitable sharing of resources and benefits sustainability of development and vital ecosystems recognizing water resources as finite and water uses as interdependent

10 Recent Historical Events Related to the IWRM Initiatives First appearance of terminology IWRM at UN Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, Sweden Formulation of principles for IWRM as Dublin Principles at the International Conference on Water and the Environment, Dublin, Ireland First definition of IWRM by the Global Water Partnership in Technical Advisory Committee Background Papers No. 4 IWRM Agreement about development of IWRM plan by 2005 in Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, at WSSD, Johannesburg, South Africa Not a vision but a pragmatic and principled approach in Water Resources Sector Strategy, World Bank International recommendation for promotion of IWRM in the G8 Hokkaido Tokyo Summit Leader s Declaration, Hokkaido, Japan Launch of practical guidelines for implementation of UNESCO IWRM Guidelines at River Basin Level at the 5 th World, Istanbul, Turkey

11 Formulation of IWRM Concept Max[Sectoral/Functional/Project base planned & implemented] Efficiency of Water Res. Mgt. s.t.[contraints] approach: holistic view in an integrated manner satisfactory req.: balanced economice efficiency Social equity Env./ecological sustainability

12 Three Key Factors to Consider to Attain IWRM Solutions International Legal / political institutional setting Sound technical knowledge base Public involvement and consensus building

13 Challenges and Directions of IWRM Challenges in Implementing IWRM International Lack of understanding of IWRM Broad, all-encompassing & impressive definition? Objective, impartial, & non-dogmatic assessment of the applicability of IWRM with operational defn. & measurable criteria! Resource mobilization/ capacity building Lack of appropriate toolkit for efficient and sustainable development & management of water

14 Directions for IWRM Conventional Water Resources Management Integrated Water Resources Management Surface water focused management Single reservoir operation focused on water quantity control only Lack of consideration for environment and future generation Poor public participation and cooperation among water agencies Integrated management of surface water, ground water, alternative water resources Comprehensive River-Reservoirs Operation considering water quantity, quality, basin water environment IWRM considering Basin Water Management Efficiency, Equity. & Sustainability Encouraging co-work system among local society and related agencies Lack of integrated management information system Share of integrated information management system

15 General Objectives for IWRM Stable water supply for municipal, industrial and irrigation uses Flood mitigation Water quality management (rivers, reservoirs) Management of river & lake environment, ecology (habitats, bio-diversity) Hydropower Generation Recreation

16 IWRM Implementation Technologies for IWRM International Data Acquisition and Monitoring Effective Use of Temporal and Spatial Data in a River Basin Water Resources Application of Short and Long Term Weather Forecast System Integrated Basinwide Water Budget Analysis and Water Resources Planning Integrated Real Time River Basin Water Management System (IRWMS) Water Resources Policy for Sustainable Water Resource Development

17 Comprehensive Framework of Basinwide IWRM River basin focus Managed risk for water development & operation Coordinated actions between water agencies in a regulated environment Capacity building to encourage local responsibility Local responsibility to the maximum extent appropriate Voluntary and cooperative actions Maximum use of market mechanisms to allocate and price water resources

18 How to promote the IWRM Process International

19 Implementation Process (I)

20 Implementation Process (II) First, it is to systematize the methodology to set an aim for an IWRM for making the guideline for planning an IWRM : Improvement direction in domestic water resources management due to the changed structural condition Items required to new water resource management method (IWRM) Scheme to construct infrastructure for implementation of IWRM Prerequisite for implementation of IWRM Factors to be considered in setting aims of IWRM Level of goals to execute IWRM Making evaluation standards on implementation goal of IWRM

21 Implementation Process (III) Second, it is to get consultations on interrelation among each system and the left-out factor in order to draw up the layout of IWRM system: Establishment procedure of BMP(Best Management Practice) according to the identification of the optional alternative Evaluation method of BMP Physical estimation process that can reflect the selected target Selection of configuration model required for a physical estimation process and ability evaluation Social and economical estimation process that can reflect the selected target Selection of configuration model required for a social and economical estimation process and ability evaluation

22 IWRM Strategy Principles for developing IWRM Strategy Sustainable development and management Consideration of hydrologic cycle Watershed management Participation of stakeholders Adjustment and harmonization Implementation of IWRM Strategy Needed Institutional framework Basic Water Law National Water Council

23 IWRM Spiral Conceptual Model IWRM at the river basin level (1/2) A river basin approach in the implementation of IWRM is being recognized as a comprehensive basis for managing water resources more sustainably and will thus lead to social, economic, and environmental benefits. However, actual progress towards implementing IWRM varies enormously and depends on the area, capacity, political will, and the understanding of IWRM concepts and their implementation.

24 IWRM at the river basin level (2/2) In this model, water resources development in a basin, along with management principles and objectives, evolves over time as new demands and needs emerge, and innovative solutions are added at each stage. The spiral model is a convenient graphical conceptualization of the iterative, evolutionary, and adaptive management process, adjusting to new needs, circumstances, and societal goals. The spiral evolutionary model reflects progressive positive changes in historical water resources development and management.

25 IWRM Implementation Process and Phases One turn of the spiral includes such phases as; Recognizing/identifying pressing issues or needs, Conceptualizing the problem itself and locating possible solutions, Coordinating and planning among stakeholders to reach an agreement, and Implementing/monitoring/evaluating the plan and its outcome

26 IWRM Spiral Model

27 Conclusion Essential to develop and implement IWRM Required to develop IWRM strategies and reflect the strategy into National Water Resources Plan Establishment of institutional framework and capacity building program needed Need for advanced technologies and methods for basinwide IWRM For capacity building, Develop IWRM Knowledge Management System Education and Publicity NGOs Program

28 Expected effects Contributing to preserve national water security and solve water problems by developing and applying an action plan for IWRM Improving understanding of the public including stakeholders related water on water and its importance by developing water education program Strengthening applicability of IWRM by improving technical level of supporting tools for IWRM

29 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!