Sununtar Setboonsarng, Southeast Asia Department Asian Development Bank
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1 ADB Capacity Building on Efficient Utilization of Biomass for Bioenergy and Food Security in the Greater Mekong Subregion(GMS) Sununtar Setboonsarng, Southeast Asia Department Asian Development Bank 1 st Meeting of GBEP Working Group on Capacity Building for Sustainable Bioenergy, Tokyo, Japan, 16 November, 2-11
2 Outline Regional cooperation program Current situation in GMS region ADB selected program and invitation for stakeholder participation
3 Core Agriculture Support Program (CASP)
4 Vision for the GMS Agriculture Sector The Greater Mekong Subregion is recognized globally as the leading producer of safe food, using climate-friendly agricultural practices and integrated into global markets through regional economic corridors. 4
5 Vision The Greater Mekong Subregion is recognized as the leading producer of safe food, using climate friendly agricultural practices and integrated into global markets through regional economic corridors. Pillar 1: Food Safety Trade Modernization Pillar 2: Climate Friendly Agriculture Pillar 3: Bioenergy and Biomass Management Agricultural Research and Development Private Sector Involvement Institutional Mechanisms for Regional Cooperation
6 Pillar 1. Building Global Competitiveness by Promoting Food Safety Enhance trade infrastructure Harmonize standards IT Food traceability system Paperless eco-trade Capacity building for formal and informal certification systems
7 Pillar 2: Promote Climate-friendly Agriculture and Natural Resource Management Reward farmers for their ecosystem services i.e. premium price for organic, cool vege using biochar Risk management system i.e. weather-based risk insurance Protection from diseases and invasive species
8 Pillar 3: Promote Agriculture as Leader in Providing Rural Renewable Energy Regional legal and regulatory framework for biomass and biofuel Promote agro-processing using renewable energy and eco-labeling Promote FDI of ecofriendly supply chain for 3Ps: People, Planet, Profit
9 Current Situation in GMS countries Large-scale contract farming by foreign firms Short-term, high payoff investments by agro-processing plants Rapid environmental destruction and marginalization of small-scale farmers
10 Large-scale Plantation
11
12 Food Insecurity 40% of arable land has deteriorated Flood and drought Climate change is affecting food security
13 Food Price Crisis Movement of CPI : Overall and Foods Sept CPI All CPI Food CPI Rice Annual Growth Rate of CPIall:5.4%; Food: 7.0% Rice:10.5%
14 Price Trend of Biofuel and Alternative Energy Sources US $/uni it energy Biofuel Alternative energy: solar, wind... Price trend (time)
15 Poor in All but Biomass 2 billions poor in Asia depend on traditional burning of biomass for energy Clean energy is essential for economic growth, particularly inclusive growth Over 1 billion poor are food insecure when food is foundation of life Rural poor face both energy and food insecurity
16 Traditional Use of Biomass Environmental damage deforestation biodiversity reduction damage to watersheds Serious air pollution health risks for women and children Green house gas emission
17 Black Carbon Sources Burning of agricultural waste and traditional cook stoves emit smoke, and soot
18 Heat-Trapping Ability Carbon dioxide is baseline GHG One unit of CO2 = 1 Methane is 23 times of CO2 Nitrous oxide is 289 times of CO2 Black carbon is 10,000 times of CO2
19 Efficient Utilization of Biomass can address poverty while enhancing energy and food security
20 ADB Policy in Supporting Bioenergy (i) the base crop used is not a food crop; (ii) the land cannot be used for food crops; (iii) the project does not result in deforestation, and (iv) the energy balance is positive
21 Three Pathways Converting agricultural waste and forestry residues to energy and organic fertilizers, including biochar; Production of liquid biofuels from crops grown in small-scale integrated farming systems and provide market access to certified seeds; and Use of improved cook stoves to reduce fuel demand and reduce black carbon emissions
22 Biogas- Fuel for Cooking cook stove using biogas
23 Biogas Electricity for Lighting
24 Bioslurry as Organic Fertilizer Extension worker monitor experimental plot Farmer showing the effect of slurry
25 Biochar for Energy and for Carbon Sequestration Biochar (charcoal from biomass) is produced by baking biomass at about ºC under low or no oxygen (pyrolysis) The combustion process releases gas or oil as clean renewable energy. Biochar remains stable in soils for hundreds to thousands of years. FAO (2009)
26 Effects of Biochar
27 Jathropa for Biofuel Intercropping with Jathropa will improve crop yields and socio-economic conditions of the rural poor with increased incomes
28 Improved Cook Stove GERES Programme in Cambodia earning carbon credit from New Lao stoves The programme target is 1,600,000 tonnes of CO2 should be spared between , corresponding to a savings of 1,200,000 tonnes of wood
29 Benefits From Improved Cook Stove Improved health of women and children Less manual labor from wood gathering
30 Selected ADB Projects/Programs PRC: Integrated Renewable Biomass Energy Development Sector - loan of $66 mil from ADB; - grant of $12.3 mil from ADB and GEF RETA Towards Sustainable Municipal Organic Waste Management in South Asia Proposed VIE: Low Carbon Agriculture Support project $ 200 mil loan
31 Future Carbon Fund Key Features Purchase post-2012 carbon credits from projects Pay upfront to help developing countries reduce the upfront capital constraint of installing clean energy systems Proposed to project developers in conjunction with ADB financial support The Fund size US$115 million
32 Proposed ADB Program for Bioenergy in the GMS 2011 : Regional Capacity Building Technical Assistance (R-CDTA) to pilot scale up investment programs ($4.6 mil-financed by NDF 2012: Pipeline project preparatory technical assistant($1.5 mil-finance by Japan Asia Clean Energy Fund) 2013: Pipeline Regional investment project ($80 mil-adb and others)
33 R-CDTA on Efficient Utilization of Biomass for Bioenergy and Food Security Project
34 Regional Capacity Building TA Size: $4.6 million Implementing period: July Dec 2014 NGOs and Center of Excellences are invited to participate
35 Impact and Outcome Impact: Improved use of biomass in the GMS (focusing on Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Viet Nam) Outcome: Efficiently operating pilot projects in biomass use for scaling up in ensuing regional investment project
36 Output 1 Enhanced regional cooperation in bioenergy development to foster and safeguard food security
37 Output 2 Pilot-tested climate-friendly biomass investment projects for wider implementation
38 Output 3 Enhanced capacity for efficient use of biomass
39 Output 4 Development and dissemination of knowledge products
40 Proposed Activities Regional eco-trade based on inclusive supply chain Regional eco-label systems LCA of selected eco-products Implementation of GBEP indicators in pilot projects Implementation of round table sustainable certification of Jatropha Support to Stove Academy
41 Call for Stakeholder Participation Inception Workshop planned for February 2012 Stakeholders participation and decision making Studies to be prioritized Methodology to be adopted
42 Thank you for your kind attention
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