Final Meeting of the Technical Working Group (TWG) for the review of the BAT reference document for the Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs

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1 EUROPEAN COMMISSION JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (Seville) Sustainable Production and Consumption Unit European IPPC Bureau Seville, 10 October 2014 Ares (2014) Final Meeting of the Technical Working Group (TWG) for the review of the BAT reference document for the Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs (IRPP BREF) Seville, November 2014 BACKGROUND PAPER Purpose of this paper and of the final Technical Working Group (TWG) meeting The objective of this background paper (BP) is to outline the main issues proposed to be discussed at the final meeting of the Technical Working Group (TWG) for the review of the BAT reference document for the 'Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs' under the Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (IED). The objective of the meeting is to agree upon the remaining work needed to finalise the BREF. In particular, it is proposed that the TWG meeting should focus on: I. agreeing upon the text of Chapter 5 (and related items in Chapter 4) of the IRPP BREF, i.e. the BAT conclusions; II. identifying elements that should be mentioned in Chapter 7 of the IRPP BREF (Concluding remarks and recommendations for future work); III. agreeing upon the remaining work needed for finalising the BREF. This BP includes: background information on the work already carried out for the review of the IRPP BREF; the issues proposed for discussion at the final TWG meeting (including a summary of relevant comments received on the second draft of the revised IRPP BREF and the 's assessments of those comments); the proposed modifications to be made in the revised IRPP BREF arising from the comments of the TWG members. Edificio EXPO, c/ Inca Garcilaso s/n, E Sevilla - Spain Telephone: direct line (+34-95) , switchboard Fax: Internet: jrc-ipts-eippcb@ec.europa.eu

2 Table of contents BACKGROUND INFORMATION... 4 BEFORE COMING TO THE MEETING... 5 AIM AND STRUCTURE OF THIS BACKGROUND PAPER... 5 WORKING PLAN AFTER THIS MEETING... 6 ABBREVIATIONS FREQUENTLY USED IN THIS BACKGROUND PAPER ITEMS PROPOSED FOR DISCUSSION AT THE FINAL IRPP TWG MEETING SCOPE, DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Scope in the BAT conclusions Definitions and general considerations in the BAT conclusions GENERAL BAT CONCLUSIONS Environmental management systems (EMS) Generation, segregation and treatment of waste water Noise emissions Manure landspreading Monitoring of emissions and process parameters Monitoring of excreted nitrogen Monitoring of excreted phosphorus Monitoring of ammonia emissions Monitoring of odour emissions Monitoring of dust emissions Monitoring of process parameters BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE INTENSIVE REARING OF PIGS Nutritional management for the intensive rearing of pigs Nitrogen excretion from pig rearing Phosphorus excretion from pig rearing Air emissions from pig housing Merging of BAT conclusions for pig housing Ammonia emissions from an animal house for mating/gestating sows Ammonia emissions from an animal house for farrowing sows Ammonia emissions from an animal house for weaners Ammonia emissions from an animal house for fattening pigs Dust emissions from pig housing Odour emissions from pig housing Efficient use of energy in pig farms Emissions from pig manure storage On-farm processing of pig manure (solid or slurry) On-farm treatment of pig manure Emissions from landspreading of pig manure Landspreading of solid manure Landspreading of liquid manure (slurry) Emissions from the whole production process for pig rearing (including sows) BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE INTENSIVE REARING OF POULTRY Nutritional management for the intensive rearing of poultry Nitrogen excretion from the rearing of poultry Phosphorus excretion from the rearing of poultry October 2014 KG+GG//IRPP FM BP

3 1.4.2 Air emissions from poultry housing Ammonia emissions from an animal house for laying hens Ammonia emissions from an animal house for broilers Ammonia emissions from an animal house for ducks Ammonia emissions from an animal house for turkeys Dust emissions from poultry houses Odour emissions from poultry houses Efficient use of energy in poultry farms Emissions from poultry manure storage On-farm processing of poultry manure On-farm treatment of poultry manure Emissions from landspreading of poultry manure Emissions from the whole production process for poultry rearing ITEMS CONSIDERED TO BE NON-CONTROVERSIAL AND NOT REQUIRING DISCUSSION AT THE FINAL IRPP TWG MEETING GENERAL COMMENTS GOOD HOUSEKEEPING FEED STORAGE EFFICIENT USE OF WATER EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF RESIDUES OTHER THAN MANURE AND DEAD ANIMALS STORAGE OF DEAD ANIMALS MONITORING OF GROUNDWATER COMPOSITION KG+GG//IRPP FM BP October

4 Background information The kick-off meeting (KOM) for the review of the IRPP BREF was held from 29 June to 1 July The data collection process was officially scheduled from July 2009 until February However, some important information and data were provided at a later stage and were taken on board by the during The first draft of the revised IRPP BREF was issued on 14 March 2011 and the consultation period for TWG members ended on 20 May comments were received by the and were made available to the whole TWG through BATIS. The second draft of the revised IRPP BREF was issued on 1 August 2013 and the consultation period for TWG members ended on 21 October (Chapter 6, on emerging techniques, of the second draft was issued on 8 October 2013 with a consultation period for the TWG members until 31 October 2013) comments were received by the and were made available to the whole TWG through BATIS. In addition, a TWG subgroup meeting was held in April 2011 in Seville in order to discuss various proposals on the environmental assessment of techniques. An informal TWG meeting took place in Brussels on 25 February 2013 in order to inform the TWG on the status of the review process and discuss particularly important open items for drafting the BAT conclusions. Information on these activities can be found on BATIS. Initiatives taken and the discussions held during two meetings in Paris (November 2013) and Madrid (January 2014) by representatives of Belgium (Flanders), France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom contributed to the information exchange. Another initiative was also undertaken by an expert subgroup of Danish and Dutch TWG members. Both contributions can be found on BATIS. The distribution of the comments received on the first and second drafts of the revised IRPP BREF is summarised in Table 1. Table 1: Distribution of all the comments received on the first and second drafts of the revised IRPP BREF Comments on Comments on BREF Draft 1 (March 2011) Draft 2 (August 2013) Chapter/Section Number Percentage Number Percentage Whole document Scope Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter 5 (BAT Conclusions) NA NA Other sections Total NB: NA = not applicable. All the comments received on Draft 1 and the relevant comments on Draft 2 as well as the additional information and data have been assessed by the and have been used in the preparation of this BP. A revised draft of the IRPP BREF will be made available to the TWG prior to the final TWG meeting. The colours used in this revised draft are explained in Table 2. 4 October 2014 KG+GG//IRPP FM BP

5 Table 2: Colours used for the revised draft of the IRPP BREF Black Text from the original BREF (dated July 2003) Black Text from the original BREF proposed to be deleted Red Updated and new text for Draft 1 of the IRPP BREF Red Text for Draft 1 proposed to be deleted Blue Updated and new text for Draft 2 of the IRPP BREF Blue Text for Draft 2 proposed to be deleted Green Updated and new text for the revised draft of the IRPP BREF [Yellow highlights] Comments and requests for clarifications/additional information It is therefore recommended that the TWG members print a colour copy of this revised draft as it will help to identify text under discussion at the final TWG meeting. Before coming to the meeting As a TWG member, you should read this BP as well as the updated version of the BREF before coming to the meeting to determine your position on the identified issues. Final TWG meetings are characterised by in-depth technical discussions and represent the last opportunity for the TWG to discuss the contents of the BREF (and of the BAT conclusions in particular). Whether or not your position differs from any proposal in this BP, you should come to the meeting prepared to justify your position and, if you have a different view, to present an alternative proposal and the evidential basis for that proposal. IMPORTANT: Please bring the following documents with you to the meeting (all of these will be made available in BATIS) as the will not be able to provide you with copies: this BP (colour version) the second draft of the IRPP BREF dated August 2013 (colour version) the revised draft of the IRPP BREF dated November 2014 (colour version) Aim and structure of this background paper The aim of this BP is to provide a resource which can be used to structure the discussions in order to reach final BAT conclusions at the final TWG meeting. Some issues are proposed for discussion at the TWG meeting whilst others are proposed to be discussed only if requested in advance of the meeting (see Section 2 of this BP). This is because, from an assessment of the TWG comments, some of the BAT conclusions are considered to be non-controversial, and therefore do not appear to require further discussion. Please note that the order of the discussion items in this BP will not necessarily be the order of the discussion at the meeting, and therefore TWG members are expected to attend the whole meeting. KG+GG//IRPP FM BP October

6 TWG members are requested to contact the at least ten working days before the TWG final meeting (i.e. by 3 November 2014 at the latest) if they wish to request the discussion of any other items from Chapters 3, 4 and 5 (BAT conclusions) of the revised IRPP BREF at the meeting or to propose additional agenda items for the meeting. Please note that the possibility of including additional items in the meeting agenda is limited due to time restrictions. Each item proposed for discussion is presented in this BP according to the following structure: Location in D2 Current text in D2 Summary of comments: assessment proposal Section and page number in D2 of the IRPP BREF (August 2013); BAT conclusion number, if applicable Blue text: Text from D2 of the IRPP BREF (August 2013) Black text: Individual comments or a summary of the main comments related to the item. This is done in the following format: [Origin of comment, number] Example: [ES, 8] This means: This is comment No. 8 made by Spain. When the term 'subgroup' appears instead of a number, it indicates that the comment was provided as a result of the informal subgroup meetings. assessment of the comments made, related to the item to be discussed The proposal and, if applicable/necessary, the text of the sections of the revised draft of the IRPP BREF (November 2014) Updated and new text for the revised draft of IRPP BREF is presented in green. The acronym 'D2' is used only for the purposes of this BP and will not appear in the final BREF or the standalone BAT conclusions document. Working plan after this meeting After this final TWG meeting, the revised draft of the IRPP BREF will be completed by the including the addition of Chapter 7 (Concluding remarks and recommendations for future work). Afterwards, the TWG will be given another short commenting period that should focus on the changes made as a result of the conclusions of the final TWG meeting. The will then take these comments into account to produce the final draft (FD) that will be submitted for opinion to the Article 13 Forum of the IED. In the final step, the BAT conclusions document will be submitted for formal approval to the Article 75 Committee under the IED. 6 October 2014 KG+GG//IRPP FM BP

7 Abbreviations frequently used in this background paper Abbreviation Meaning AT Austria BAT Best Available Techniques (as defined in Article 3 (10) of the IED) BAT-AEL Emission level associated with the BAT (as defined in Article 13 (3) of the IED) Environmental performance level associated with the BAT: BAT-AELs are a subset of BAT-AEPL BAT-AEPLs (see also Commission Implementing Decision 2012/119/EU laying down rules concerning guidance on the collection of data and on the drawing up of BREFs and on their quality assurance) BATIS BAT Information System BP Background paper BE (FL) Belgium (Flanders) BE (WA) Belgium (Wallonia) BEIC British Egg Industry Council BPEX A division of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (UK) BPC (UK) British Poultry Council BREF BAT reference document (as defined in Article 3 (11) of the IED) COPA Committee of Professional Agricultural Organisations-COGECA General Committee for Agricultural Cooperation in the European Union D1 First draft of the IRPP BREF from March 2011 D2 Second draft of the IRPP BREF from August 2013 DAFC Danish Agriculture & Food Council DE Germany DK Denmark ECM REF Reference document on Economics and Cross-Media Effects EEB European Environmental Bureau European IPPC Bureau EMS Environmental Management System ES Spain EN European Standard adopted by CEN (European Committee for Standardisation, from its French name Comité Européen de Normalisation) EU-28 The 28 Member States of the European Union FEFANA EU Association of Specialty Feed Ingredients and their Mixtures KTBL Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft (DE) IE Ireland IED Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU) IFA Irish Farmers Association IFIP Institut du porc Recherche et Expertise pour la filière porcine (The French Pork and Pig Institute) IT Italy ITAVI Institut Technique de l'aviculture (FR) FCR Feed conversion ratio FI Finland FR France FSF Fully slatted floor IRPP BREF BAT reference document for the Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs ISO International Organisation for Standardisation. Also international standard adopted by this organisation KOM Kick-off meeting for the review of the IRPP BREF MS EU Member State NFU National Farmer Union (UK) NPA National Pig Association (UK) NL The Netherlands PL Poland PSF Partly slatted floor PT Portugal ROM REF Reference Report on Monitoring of emissions from IED installations SA BREF BAT reference document on the Slaughterhouses and Animal By-products Industries SE Sweden KG+GG//IRPP FM BP October

8 Abbreviation TWG TAN UFU UK VDI VERA WI BREF WT BREF Meaning Technical Working Group Total ammoniacal nitrogen Ulster Farmers' Union The United Kingdom Verein Deutscher Ingenieure Verification of environmental technologies for agricultural production BAT reference document on Waste Incineration BAT reference document on Waste Treatment 8 October 2014 KG+GG//IRPP FM BP

9 1 ITEMS PROPOSED FOR DISCUSSION AT THE FINAL IRPP TWG MEETING 1.1 Scope, definitions and general considerations Scope in the BAT conclusions Location in D2 (August 2013): Section 5, Scope Section, page 685 Scope These BAT conclusions concern the following activities specified in Section 6.6 of Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU, namely: 6.6. Intensive rearing of poultry or pigs: (a) with more than places for poultry (b) with more than places for production of pigs (over 30 kg), or (c) with more than 750 places for sows. In particular, concerning the above-mentioned activities, these BAT conclusions cover the following processes: 1. Nutritional management of poultry and pigs 2. Storage of animal feed and feed additives 3. Milling and grinding of feed 4. Rearing (housing) of poultry and pigs 5. Collection and storage of manure 6. On-farm processing of manure 7. On-farm treatment of manure 8. Landspreading of manure 9. Storage of animal carcasses. Current text in D2: These BAT conclusions do not address the following activities: 10. Animal slaughtering and disposal of animal carcasses covered by the Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Slaughterhouses and Animal Byproducts Industries (SA). Other reference documents which are of relevance for the activities covered by these BAT conclusions are the following: Reference documents Waste Incineration (WI) Emissions from Storage (EFS) Energy Efficiency (ENE) Economics and Cross-Media Effects (ECM) Activity Incineration of animal carcasses Storage and handling of raw materials and products Energy efficiency Economics and cross-media effects of techniques Where these BAT conclusions address the landspreading of manure, this is without prejudice to the provisions of the Council Directive 91/676/EEC ( 1 ) concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources and the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC ( 2 ). Where these BAT conclusions address the storage and disposal of animal carcasses, this is without prejudice to the provisions of the EC Regulation 1069/2009 ( 3 ) laying KG+GG//IRPP FM BP October

10 down rules as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for human consumption. ( 1 ) OJ L 375/1, , p.1 ( 2 ) OJ L 327/1, , p.1 Summary of comments: assessment: The techniques listed and described in these BAT conclusions are neither prescriptive nor exhaustive. Other techniques may be used that ensure at least an equivalent level of environmental protection. [BE (WA) 1]: Add the 'Waste Treatments Industries' BREF for activity: 'Composting and anaerobic treatment of manure'. [DAFC (DK) 20, 55, 56; DK 45; COPA 38; IFA (IE) 11, 12, 30; FR 13; IE 26, 43]: Do not include techniques for spreading of manure because the IED comprises only installations which are defined as stationary technical units, landspreading of manure is covered by Directive 91/676/EEC, landspreading is not an activity listed in Annex I of the IED and it is not possible to control the contractor when manure is sent off site for landspreading on land owned/managed by other farmers. [DAFC (DK) 28; COPA 37; DK 37]: Odour and noise are outside the Scope of the IED because they are non-transboundary issues and neither of them is included in Annex II. [DAFC (DK) 26; DK 3, 35; COPA 7; COPA 46]: Exclude specialised production units such as organic production, free-range production and poultry parents stocks from the general BAT conclusions because they do not always have the same options for choosing a technique as conventional production units as the requirements to fulfil are different. [UK (BPEX) 271]: Confirm in BAT conclusions that these are applicable to commercial genotypes and state the breeds or genotypes for which the data may not apply (e.g. special production systems). [DK 8]: Make a new categorisation for the techniques listed under the BAT 'On farm processing of manure' and 'On farm treatment of manure' according to their objectives. [EEB 18]: Take into account the environmental impact of feed production (e.g. consumption of energy, water, pesticides, and land use change) together with the 'Nutritional management of poultry and pigs'. [ES 19]: Specify 'on farm' milling and grinding of feed. [IFA (IE) 10]: Remove feed milling and grinding as the permit only applies to the activity described in Section 6.6 of Annex I of Directive 2010/75/EU. [NFU (UK) 1; UK 106; NFU (UK) 89]: Storage of feed and feed additives, milling and grinding of feed are not covered in the BREF or in Chapter 5. [IFA (IE) 1]: Amend scope and BAT conclusions when necessary to avoid conflicts with the Animal By-Product Regulations, the Nitrates Directive and the relevant law cases in European Court of Justice (Case C-113/12, C-416/02 and C-121/03). [NL 1]: It should be made clear that the BREF does not provide an interpretation of the term 'installation' in the IED, so that MS can interpret what constitutes part of the installation (e.g. for landspreading). [PL 1]: Replace the term 'carcasses' with 'dead animals' because it suggests slaughtered animal for further processing. [UK 107]: Include among the relevant reference documents, the monitoring BREF and the Animal Welfare Directives. - Animal by-products covered by Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 (e.g. manure) which are destined for incineration, landfilling or use in a biogas or composting plant are included in the scope of the Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC). The Waste Treatment (WT) BREF is also relevant to be cited in the list of Reference documents of the Scope. - In the KOM it was decided to include the techniques for the reduction of emissions from the application of manure to land. Moreover, the report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the reviews undertaken under Article 73 of Directive 2010/75/EU addressing emissions from intensive livestock rearing (COM(2013) 286/ ), recognises that the IRPP BREF does contain information on techniques for the landspreading of manure. The definition of 'installation' in Article 3 of the IED also includes '...and any other directly associated activities on the same site which have a technical connection with the activities listed in those Annexes and which could have an effect on emissions and pollution'. - The Nitrates Directive lays down provisions for Codes of Good Agricultural Practice 10 October 2014 KG+GG//IRPP FM BP

11 proposal: to be implemented by farmers on a voluntary basis, and for action programmes to be implemented by farmers within nitrate vulnerable zones on a compulsory basis. - The Scope of the BAT conclusions does not make any distinction as to whether the manure is spread on farm or off farm. It is up to the competent authority to assess on a case-by-case basis whether the land where manure spreading is carried out is located on the same site, therefore constituting part of the 'installation'. - Odour and noise are considered emissions as per Article 3 of the IED. The list of substances in Annex II is not exhaustive. Other polluting substances can be addressed in the permit (see Article 14 of the IED). - There is no definition of 'intensive rearing' in the IED or in the BREF. Specialised production processes (e.g. special breeding genotypes) are covered when the number of places is above the threshold values set by the IED. Techniques listed in BAT conclusions, unless explicitly mentioned, are applicable to any type of livestock farming, in order to prevent or, when that is not practicable, to reduce emissions and the impact on the environment as a whole. Applicability restrictions can be added when necessary. - Special rules (e.g. permanent access to open air areas, prohibition of the use of synthetic amino acids) in accordance with the provisions of Regulation 834/2007 apply to organic livestock production. In addition, the collection of information for techniques applying to such farms does not allow the drawing of conclusions. The fact that the share of organic production was 0.33 % for pigs and 0.95 % for poultry out of the total animal production (livestock unit converted) in the EU-27 (Eurostat, 2010) and that organic production combines best environmental practices and the preservation of natural resources, allow for the exclusion of organic livestock production from the Scope of BAT conclusions. - Technical distinction between processing and treatment of manure is rather difficult. It is preferable to use only one term to avoid ambiguity. - There is no information reported for the techniques related to feed production (i.e. growing and harvesting of agricultural products) and, hence, there is no separate BAT conclusion for it. - Feed preparation (i.e. processing by grinding, milling and/or mixing of feedstuffs) is an activity that can be carried out on site by livestock farmers for the requirements of their own holdings. The Emissions from Storage (EFS) BREF covers the storage and handling of materials (e.g. feedstuffs). - BAT conclusions do not interpret any legislation or the term 'installation' which is defined in the IED. - The IED and BAT conclusions apply without prejudice of the existing legislation. The Nitrates Directive is already referenced in the Scope for the landspreading of manure. The statement should be expanded to cover 'storage' as well. A reference to the Animal By-Products Regulation should also be made for the processing and landspreading of manure. Furthermore, the provisions related to animal welfare should be cited in the Scope. - Court judgements are case-specific. Addressing specific legislation in the BAT conclusions is discouraged as legislation may change. Making a general reference in the Scope of the BAT conclusions is considered sufficient. - The term 'animal carcase' is defined by Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin as the 'body of an animal after slaughter and dressing'. 'Dead animal' is also a term used by Regulation 1069/ Incineration of dead animals is outside the Scope of Chapter IV of the IED. However, manure incineration is included in the Waste Incineration BREF. - Insert a cross reference to the Waste Treatment Industries BREF (WT) and to the Reference Report on Monitoring of emissions from IED-installations (ROM). - Replace the related subject of the Waste Incineration BREF 'incineration of dead animals' with 'incineration of manure'. - Merge the processes of 'storage of animal feed and feed additives' and 'milling and grinding of feed' to 'feed preparation (milling, mixing and storage)'. - Keep landspreading of manure within the Scope of the BAT conclusions. - Do not specify special types of livestock production in the Scope of the BAT conclusions. - Remove 'on-farm treatment of manure' and keep 'on-farm processing of manure'. - Remove the term 'on farm' from the list of processes. - Replace 'animal carcasses' with 'dead animals'. - Exclude management of manure outside the activities covered by these BAT KG+GG//IRPP FM BP October

12 conclusions. - Add that 'BAT conclusions apply without prejudice to the provisions on animal welfare'. - Add under the Scope of BAT conclusions that 'These BAT conclusions are not applicable to organic livestock production compliant with the provisions of Regulation 834/2007/EC'. proposal: These BAT conclusions concern the following activities specified in Section 6.6 of Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU, namely: 6.6. Intensive rearing of poultry or pigs: (a) (b) (c) with more than places for poultry with more than places for production of pigs (over 30 kg), or with more than 750 places for sows. In particular, these BAT conclusions cover the following processes and activities: nutritional management of poultry and pigs; feed preparation (milling, mixing and storage); rearing (housing) of poultry and pigs; collection and storage of manure; processing of manure; landspreading of manure; storage of dead animals. These BAT conclusions do not address the following processes or activities: disposal of dead animals; this may be covered in the BAT conclusions on Slaughterhouses and Animal By-products Industries (SA); Storage, processing and landspreading of manure carried out outside the farm. These BAT conclusions are not applicable to organic livestock production compliant with the provisions of Regulation 834/2007/EC. Other reference documents which are of relevance for the activities covered by these BAT conclusions are the following: Reference documents Waste Incineration (WI) Waste Treatment (WT) Monitoring of emissions from IEDinstallations (ROM) Economics and Cross-media Effects (ECM) Emissions from Storage (EFS) Energy Efficiency (ENE) Activity Incineration of manure Composting and anaerobic digestion of manure Monitoring of emissions to air and water Economics and cross-media effects of techniques Storage and handling of materials General aspects of energy efficiency 12 October 2014 KG+GG//IRPP FM BP

13 Where these BAT conclusions address the storage and landspreading of manure, this is without prejudice to the provisions of the Council Directive 91/676/EEC ( 1 ) concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources. Where these BAT conclusions address the storage and disposal of dead animals and the processing and landspreading of manure this is without prejudice to the provisions of the EC Regulation 1069/2009 ( 3 ) laying down rules as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for human consumption. BAT conclusions apply without prejudice to the provisions on animal welfare. ( 1 ) OJ L 375/1, , p.1 ( 3 ) OJ L 300/1, , p Definitions and general considerations in the BAT conclusions Location in D2 (August 2013): Section 5, Definitions and General Considerations Sections, page 686 and 687 DEFINITIONS For the purposes of these BAT conclusions, the following definitions apply: Current text in D2: Term used Farm New farm Existing farm New plant Existing plant Major upgrade Sensitive receptor Definition A complex composed by one or more plants (i.e. animal housing systems, manure storage facilities, manure processing or treatment facilities) A farm first operated following the publication of these BAT conclusions A farm which is not a new farm A plant introduced on the site of the farm following the publication of these BAT conclusions or a complete replacement of a plant on the existing foundations, following the publication of these BAT conclusions A plant which is not a new plant An upgrade of the plant involving a major change in the requirements or technology for the housing system and/or storage of manure Area which needs special protection because of its landscape, wildlife, or an area of land that drains into waters which could become polluted by nitrates or other substances Definition for certain animal categories Weaners Term used Fattening pigs (growers/finishers) Sows Poultry Laying hens Definition Young pigs reared from a live weight of between 8 kg and kg Pigs reared from a live weight of between kg to a final weight of kg Female pigs during the rearing period of mating, gestating and farrowing; from after puberty and before farrowing (gilts) to after the first farrowing (sows) Chickens, turkeys, ducks, guinea fowls, etc. reared for the production of eggs or for the production of meat Grown female chickens for laying eggs KG+GG//IRPP FM BP October

14 Pullets Broilers Hens, less than one year old. Chickens raised for meat production Definition for certain substances and emissions Term used Dust (particulate matter) Odour emissions N excreted P excreted Slurry Definition Particles of any shape, structure or density which may be collected by filtration from indoor ambient air or air outlet(s) of an animal housing system Volatile odorous substances measured by olfactometry (EN 13725) and expressed as European Odour Units (ou E ) Nitrogen eliminated from animal metabolic processes through urine and faeces Phosphorus eliminated from animal metabolic processes through urine and faeces Liquid manure GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Averaging periods and reference conditions for air emissions Unless otherwise stated, emission levels associated with the best available techniques (BAT-AELs) given in these BAT conclusions refer to the mass of substances emitted per animal place, for all rearing cycles carried out during one year (i.e. kg substance/animal place/year). In the case of direct measurements, all values for concentrations in exhaust air refer to standard conditions: dry gas at a temperature of 273 K, and a pressure of hpa. Summary of comments: BAT-AELs for odour emissions given in these BAT conclusions are based on concentration values referred to standard conditions of undiluted gas (a temperature of 293 K and a pressure of hpa), without correction for the humidity content. Definitions [NL 2]: Define a 'plant' as a building including internal manure storage and relevant equipment. Clarify if a plant can be comprised of more buildings with the same animal category and its relation to 'installation'. [IFA (IE) 24]: Replace 'farm' with 'installation'. [UK 110]: Modify definition of 'new farm' to 'a farm first operating above the IED thresholds following the publication of these BAT conclusions'. [FR 1; BE (FL) 148; BE (FL) 150]: Add a definition for residential area. [IFIP (FR) 140]: Add a definition to address the right of existing farms authorised under the ILF BREF 2003 not to be obliged to implement a new technique belonging to the reviewed IRPP BREF. [BPC (UK) 124]: Give a definition of a new house on an existing farm. [EEB 19]: Give examples for the major upgrades. [SE 10, 13]: Improve the definition of 'sensitive receptors' to also fit for air pollutants. [BE (FL) 137]: A definition of 'sensitive areas' is required. [UK 109]: Clarify definition of 'sensitive receptors' in order to include 'any human population (e.g. schools, hospitals or neighbouring properties'. [AT 29]: Change definition of fattening pigs to 'pigs reared from a live weight of between kg to the final weight or to mating.' so as to take into account the different final weights. [ES 21]: Delete in the definition of fattening pigs the range kg as the lower value of the range does not correspond to reality. 14 October 2014 KG+GG//IRPP FM BP

15 assessment: Background paper Final TWG meeting for the review of the IRPP BREF [NPA (UK) 455]: Amend the definition of weaners to address the fact that weaning is possible from 4 kg in weight, while typically the mean weight will be 7-8 kg. [UK 111]: Remove inconsistency with the definition of weaners listed in the glossary of the BREF. [NPA (UK) 456]: Modify in the definition of sows the term 'rearing' with 'production', as well as include the period of 'lactation'. Improve the definition of gilts. [AT 28; BEIC (UK) 3; IE 9; UK 112; ITAVI (FR) 10]: Clarify the definition of pullets for laying hens. [BPC (UK) 203]: Amend definition of pullets to reflect broiler breeder layers. [IE 9]: The definition of 'fattening pigs' does not match the definition of 'production pigs' in the IED. Include 'gilts' in the definition of sows in compliance with the ECJ Judgement in Case C585/10. [PL 2; BEIC (UK) 2]: Add 'geese' instead of 'etc.' in the definition of poultry. [UK 111]: Match the definition of poultry with the one given by the IED. [DK 31]: Define 'animal place' as 'maximum number of animals in the housing system at a given time'. [IFIP (FR) 139]: Insert the following definition for 'place': 'A place is a place effectively occupied by an animal'. [FR 2]: Clarify in the definition given for dust (particulate matter) if PM 10 and PM 2.5 are meant. [DAFC (DK) 49; DK 55]: The definition of dust is not precise for PM 10. [BEIC (UK) 4]: Rewrite the definition of dust as 'particulate matter suspended in air with a particle size between 1μm and 75μm'. [UK 113]: Give a clearer definition or dust while changing the term 'dust' to PM 10 and consider if monitoring 'dust' is a viable option for existing farms. [UK (BPEX) 255]: Correct the definition given for odour emissions, because it is relevant to odour substances and not emissions. General considerations [DAFC (DK) 29; DK 38]: Delete the description of reference conditions for odour emissions as it is not comprised in the scope of the IED. [BEIC (UK) 5]: Correct the reference conditions for odour emissions because odour units are not strictly concentrations but are essentially a dimensionless value. [EEB 21]: Use the same reference conditions for monitoring odour and air emissions in order to avoid unnecessary monitoring. [UK (BPEX) 256]: Explain the effect of the data not corrected to standard conditions because there is no reference elsewhere in the document for data corrected to standard conditions. [ES 22]: Add text to address that for BAT without BAT-AELs, environmental performance is estimated as a % reduction in emission or consumption in relation to the reference technique. [BE (FL) 31; UK 114]: Provide a definition and interpretation for the BAT-AEPLs. [ES 20, 23, 78]: Add an explanation about how to understand and use the BAT conclusions, e.g. the difference between 'generally applicable' techniques and those considered not applicable; the possible combination of techniques in the concept of the whole-farm approach. Definitions - The term 'plant' refers to any single building or facility of the farm used for animal housing, manure processing and/or manure storage. - The terms 'farm' and 'installation' are equivalent and interchangeable. - A more precise definition for new farms is 'first permitted' rather than 'first operated'. - A new animal house in an existing farm is covered by the definition of 'new plant'. - The term 'residential areas' is deemed self-explanatory. - The BREF cannot contain any legal interpretation of the IED and provisions on how the BAT conclusions adopted under the IED apply for existing installations. Guidance on the implementation of the IED and BAT conclusions is available on the DG Environment website. Applicability restrictions for existing farms can be added in the BAT conclusions, if justified. - The term 'major upgrade' is not used in the proposed BAT conclusions. - The term 'sensitive areas' is used in Article 5 of Directive 91/271/EEC (Urban waste water treatment). The criteria for the identification of 'sensitive areas' are laid down in Annex II to Directive 91/271/EEC, and only refer to water bodies and, therefore, this term is not suitable for these BAT conclusions. - The definition of 'sensitive receptors' needs to be more comprehensive. KG+GG//IRPP FM BP October

16 proposal: - The definition of 'fattening pigs' should be more generic to encompass different final weights and the alternative to slaughter (i.e. first service). Furthermore, in order to avoid any inconsistency with the Scope of the BAT conclusions, it is preferable to restrict their weight range from 30 kg. Both the terms 'growers' and 'finishers' are included. - The typical weight for starting the weaning period in the EU-28 is around 8 kg. It is preferable to mention the typical weight and not the exception. - Consistency between the definitions in the BAT conclusions and the Glossary of the IRPP BREF should be ensured. - The definition of sows can be clarified by differentiating between 'mating sows', 'gestating sows' and 'farrowing sows'. The term 'gilt' is not used in the proposed BAT conclusions, but it can be included in the definition of gestating sows. - The general definition of pullets has to be adapted accordingly in order to distinguish when they are reared for egg production and when they are reared for broiler production. - 'Poultry' is defined in Article 3 of the IED, which refers to a definition given in Council Directive 90/539/EEC. - A definition for 'animal place', 'ad libitum', 'slurry' and 'solid manure' is deemed necessary. - The BAT conclusions address techniques reducing dust and not only PM 10 or PM 2,5. The definition of dust can be complemented with the parameters by which dust can be expressed and amended in agreement with the definition given in the Reference Report on Monitoring (ROM). - A definition for 'odour' can be taken from EN General considerations - Standard conditions for odour should be deleted as no BAT-AELs are now proposed for odours. - Different measurements of concentration carried out under different conditions are not comparable, therefore it is deemed necessary to refer to standard conditions. - It is preferable not to include a statement related to abatement efficiency in comparison to a reference system given that it was agreed at the informal IRPP TWG meeting held in Brussels in February 2013 that reference techniques would not be presented in the BAT conclusions. - BAT conclusions do not make interpretations of the IED, e.g. a definition of 'BAT conclusions' is included in Article 3(13) of the IED. The whole farm approach is addressed, as BAT conclusions provide substantial flexibility to apply an appropriate combination of techniques according to the characteristics of the farm. - Replace the definition of 'farm' as equivalent to the definition of 'installation' in the IED. - Add a definition for 'plant'. - Specify that 'new farm' and 'new plant' are 'first permitted ' in line with other BAT conclusions adopted. - Remove the definition of 'major upgrade'. - Replace the term 'sensitive area' with 'sensitive receptor' in the BAT conclusions and in the BREF. Add 'residential areas' in the definition of 'sensitive receptor'. - Harmonise the definitions in the BAT conclusions with those in the Glossary of the BREF. - Modify the definition of 'pullets' to distinguish between pullets for laying hens and broiler breeder layers. - Modify the definition of poultry according to the IED. - Add a definition for 'animal place', 'ad libitum', 'slurry' and 'solid manure'. - Add a definition for mating, gestating and farrowing sows. Specify that 'gilts' are treated as 'gestating sows'. - Add a definition for 'waste water', 'total ammoniacal nitrogen', 'total nitrogen' and 'phosphorus'. - Modify the definition of 'dust'. Add the parameters by which 'dust' can be expressed. - Modify the definition of 'odour' according to the standard EN Remove the standard conditions for odours. 16 October 2014 KG+GG//IRPP FM BP

17 proposal: Term used Farm New farm Existing farm Plant New plant Existing plant Sensitive receptor Waste water Animal place Total ammoniacal nitrogen Total nitrogen Total phosphorus Dust Odour Ad libitum Slurry Solid manure Definition An installation as defined in Article 3(3) of Directive 2010/75/EU. A farm first permitted following the publication of these BAT conclusions or a complete replacement of a farm following the publication of these BAT conclusions. A farm which is not a new farm. A part of the farm where one of the following processes or activities is carried out: animal housing, manure storage, manure processing. A plant consists of a single building (or facility) and/or the necessary equipment to carry out processes or activities. A plant first permitted at the site of the farm following the publication of these BAT conclusions or a complete replacement of a plant on the existing foundations, following the publication of these BAT conclusions. A plant which is not a new plant. Area having at least one of the following features: - Residential areas with or without important nuisance problems. - Facilities where people can stay overnight such as visitor accommodation (hotels, guesthouses). - People or other organisms that may have a significantly increased sensitivity or exposure to contaminants by virtue of their age and health (e.g. schools, day care centres, recreational areas, hospitals or nursing homes) or status (e.g. sensitive or endangered species). Rainwater run-off commonly interfering with manure, water derived from the cleaning of surfaces (e.g. floors) and equipment, and water derived from the operation of air cleaning systems. Space provided per animal in a housing system according to animal welfare regulations. The number of animals reared per animal place and per year varies and depends on the animal category and the farm management. Ammonium-N (NH 4 -N) and its compounds, including uric acid, which are readily broken down to NH 4 -N. Total nitrogen, expressed as N, includes free ammonia and ammonium (NH 4 -N), nitrites (NO 2 -N), nitrates (NO 3 -N) and organic nitrogen compounds. Total phosphorus, expressed as P 2 O 5, includes all inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds, dissolved or bound to particles. Total suspended particles including fine particulate matter which may be collected by filtration from indoor ambient air or air outlet(s) of an animal house. It can be expressed as total dust, PM 10 or PM 2, 5. Organoleptic attribute perceptible by the olfactory organ on sniffing certain volatile substances. The provision of free access to feed or water thereby allowing the animal to self-regulate intake according to its biological needs. Faeces and urine usually mixed with some bedding material and some water during management to give a liquid manure with a dry matter content in the range from about 1 10 % that flow under gravity and can be pumped. Faeces or droppings and urine mixed with large amounts of bedding that do not flow under gravity and cannot be pumped. KG+GG//IRPP FM BP October

18 Definitions for certain animal categories Term used Weaners Fattening pigs Sows Mating sows Gestating sows Farrowing sows Poultry Laying hens Pullets Broilers Broiler breeders Definition Young pigs (or piglets) typically reared from a live weight of between 8 kg and 30 kg. Production pigs typically reared from a live weight of 30 kg to slaughter or first service. This category includes both growers and finishers. Female pigs during the rearing periods of mating, gestating and farrowing. Sows ready for service and before gestation. Pregnant sows, including gilts. Sows between parturition (giving birth) and weaning of the piglets. Fowl (chickens), turkeys, guinea fowl, ducks, geese, quails, pigeons, pheasants and partridges reared or kept in captivity for breeding, the production of meat or eggs for consumption. Grown female chickens for egg production after 16 to 20 weeks of age. Young female chickens below the age for laying eggs. When reared for egg production a pullet becomes a laying hen when it begins to lay eggs at 16 to 20 weeks of age. When reared for broiler production, young hens are defined as pullets until 52 to 60 weeks of age, when they become broiler breeder layers. Chickens reared for meat production. Parent stock (males and females) kept to lay eggs for broilers production. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS The techniques listed and described in these BAT conclusions are neither prescriptive nor exhaustive. Other techniques may be used that ensure at least an equivalent level of environmental protection. Unless otherwise stated, the BAT conclusions are generally applicable. Unless otherwise stated, emission levels associated with the best available techniques (BAT- AELs) given in these BAT conclusions refer to the mass of substances emitted per animal place, for all rearing cycles carried out during one year (i.e. kg substance/animal place/year). All values for concentrations expressed as mass of emitted substance per volume in air refer to standard conditions: dry gas at a temperature of 273 K, and a pressure of kpa. KG+GG//IRPP FM BP October

19 1.2 General BAT conclusions Environmental management systems (EMS) Location in D2 (August 2013): Section 5.1.1, page 688, BAT 1 1. In order to improve the overall environmental performance of the farms for intensive rearing of poultry or pigs, BAT is to implement and adhere to an environmental management system (EMS) that incorporates all of the following features: commitment of the management, including senior management; definition of an environmental policy that includes the continuous improvement of the installation by the management; planning and establishing the necessary procedures, objectives and targets, in conjunction with financial planning and investment; implementation of procedures paying particular attention to: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) structure and responsibility training, awareness and competence communication employee involvement documentation efficient process control maintenance programmes emergency preparedness and response safeguarding compliance with environmental legislation; Current text in D2: checking performance and taking corrective action, paying particular attention to: (a) (b) (c) (d) monitoring and measurement (see also the Reference Document on the General Principles of Monitoring) corrective and preventive action maintenance of records independent (where practicable) internal and external auditing in order to determine whether or not the EMS conforms to planned arrangements and has been properly implemented and maintained; review of the EMS and its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness by senior management; following the development of cleaner technologies; consideration for the environmental impacts from the eventual decommissioning of the installation at the stage of designing a new plant, and throughout its operating life; application of sectoral benchmarking on a regular basis. Specifically, for intensive rearing of poultry or pigs, it is also important to consider other items listed under BAT 2. Applicability The scope (e.g. level of details) and nature of the EMS (e.g. standardised or nonstandardised) will generally be related to the nature, scale and complexity of the farm, and the range of environmental impacts it may have. KG+GG//IRPP FM BP October