Washington State Wineries

Transcription

1 Washington State Wineries Water Quality Concerns ECOLOGY TREE TEAM GUIDANCE Ecology s TREE (Technical Resources for Engineering Efficiency) team developed Water Supply, Wastewater, and Stormwater Management Options of Washington Wineries a guidance document winery water management: Winery Wastewater Chapter RCW WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT RCW Discharge of polluting matter in waters prohibited. It shall be unlawful for any person to throw, drain, run, or otherwise discharge into any of the waters of this state, or to cause, permit or suffer to be thrown, run, drained, allowed to seep or otherwise discharged into such waters any organic or inorganic matter that shall cause or tend to cause pollution of such waters according to the determination of the department, as provided for in this chapter. Chapter RCW WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT AKART All Known Available and Reasonable Treatment RCW Definitions. Wherever the words "waters of the state" shall be used in this chapter, they shall be construed to include lakes, rivers, ponds, streams, inland waters, underground waters, salt waters and all other surface waters and watercourses within the jurisdiction of the state of Washington. RCW Pollution Disclosure Act of 1971 RCW Water Resources Act of 1971 RCW Water Pollution Control Act RCW Water Pollution Control Act 1

2 AKART All Known Available and Reasonable Treatment The AKART acronym is derived from: RCW Policy enunciated. In order to improve water quality by controlling toxicants in wastewater, the department of ecology shall in issuing and renewing state and federal wastewater discharge permits review the applicant's operations and incorporate permit conditions which require all known, available, and reasonable methods to control toxicants in the applicant's wastewater. Winery Wastewater Management What is AKART? What is not AKART. First, what s not AKART. Wastewater treatment or disposal? Failed drainfield Failed septic tank Photographs of land application area and unlined lagoon. 2

3 Wine Wastewater Characterization Five-Day Biochemical Oxygen (BOD 5 ) Definition Biochemical oxygen demand Dissolved Solids Fixed (or inorganic) Total Suspended Solids ph The quantity of biologically degradable organic matter in wastewater in terms of the amount of oxygen required by microorganisms to oxidize it during a fiveday test. Example of BOD overload Dissolved Solids in Wastewater Land Application Concerns Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is considered a measurement of combined inorganic ion content. In winery process waters, significant concentrations of organic acids contribute to TDS and electrical conductivity (EC) levels. FDS = Inorganic Dissolved Solids (IDS) Stormwater Concerns Winery Wastewater - Preferred Treatment Options Aerobic treatment in lagoon (or tank) followed by land application treatment. Complete Evaporation in Lagoon Discharge to POTW 3

4 Preferred Treatment Options Small wineries can accumulate wastewater in a tank (e.g., plastic septic tank) and truck it to a POTW with adequate capacity. Small wineries generate relatively small volumes of wastewater. There may be one to a few tanker's worth [7,000 gallons each] per month during peak discharge. If discharge at POTW can be regulated to limit swings in loading, this is another good option where available. Land Application and Treatment - Guidelines Treatment rate - 10 lbs soluble BOD 5 /acre/day Ecology Central Regional Office guideline. Application rates equate to to 0.04 inches per day (120 to 1200 gallons per acre per day), unless diluted. Pretreatment to convert soluble BOD 5 to particulate and removal of particulate BOD 5 also helps. Agronomic Rate for Land Application Agronomic Rate: Rate at which a viable crop can be maintained and there is minimal leaching of chemicals downward below the root zone. Crops should be managed for maximum nutrient uptake when used for wastewater treatment. (Ecology 1996) Complete Evaporation Lagoons All lagoons leak, at least eventually. Therefore, double-lined with leak detection construction = no ground water monitoring necessary. Electrical leak detection evaluations may be required for single-lined lagoons. Complete Evaporation Lagoons Design for a wet year (1 year in 10 recurrence interval) with high precipitation. Two feet of free board necessary. Dam safety rules apply when lagoon can hold over 10 acre/feet. Perceived risk level for different treatment options A properly engineered and managed complete evaporation lagoon in eastern Washington should represent a very low risk to water quality. A well designed and managed storage lagoon and land application treatment system presents a higher risk to water quality. 4

5 Land Treatment Sprayfield Monitoring Well Flow Meter Settling Basin Lagoon Construction Single lined lagoon 5

6 Single lined lagoon 2 Aerated Double-lined Leak Detect Lagoon Non-aerated double-lined leak detect lagoon Double-lined leak detect lagoon Lagoon Staff Gauge Summary Proper management of even modest volumes of wastewater is critical to protecting the quality of Washington's waters, both ground and surface. Ecology needs to be concerned about impact to water quality from wineries. 6

7 Jim Leier Contact INFO WA State Dept. of Ecology Central Regional Office 15 West Yakima Ave., Ste 200 Yakima, WA Attributions: Ecology s Central Regional Office s former employees: Phelps Freeborn Bob Raforth Kim Sherwood 7