Vulnérabilité d un bassin versant. Abou Amani, PhD UNESCO Nairobi

Transcription

1 Vulnérabilité d un bassin versant Abou Amani, PhD UNESCO Nairobi

2 Plan de la présentation La vulnérabilité Indicateurs d evaluation La vulnérabilité au sein du PHI

3 Vulnérabilité Par rapport à quoi Cycle hydrologique: Disponibilités

4 Vulnérabilité Alimentation Agriculture Industrie Mine Environnement DEMANDES Cycle d usage de l eau = cycle hydrologique + Actions de l homme

5 Water and MDGs 2015 MDGs Extreme poverty and hunger Education for all Gender equally Reduce child mortality Improve maternal health Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria Environment sustainability Access to water and sanitation Global partnership for development Place of Water greater Education water average greater greater important highest important

6 Quels indicateurs Variabilité des eaux de surface Déficit, demande non satisfaite Surplus de la ressource, inondations Variabilité des eaux souterraines Variabilité de la qualité des ressources en eau Variabilité de la demande

7 GDP and Rainfall Variability

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10 Adresser la vulnérabilité Quelques Initiatives PHI

11 IHP Phases IHD: Experimental Basins World Catalog of Very Large Floods World Water Balance & WR of the Earth IHP-I IHP-II IHP- III IHP- IV Hydrology and Water Resources for Sustainable Development IHP-V Hydrology and Water Resources under Vulnerable Environment IHP-VI Water Interactions: Systems at Risk and Social Challenges IHP VII : Water dependency: system under stress and societal responses

12 IHP-VII ( ) Water Dependencies: Systems under Stress and Societal Responses Cross - cutting Programmes HELP / FRIEND Hydrological Research THEME I: Adapting to the impacts of global changes on river basins and aquifer systems THEME II: Strengthening Water Governance for Sustainability THEME III: Ecohydrology for Sustainability THEME IV: Water and Life Support Systems THEME V: Water Education for Sustainable Development Education, Transfer of knowledge, Capacity building IHP VI Initiatives PC - CP ISI IFI ICHARM G - WADI IAHS - PUB IHP - VII New Initiatives: UWMP Others Water Resources Management

13 FRIEND Flow Regimes from International Experimental Network Data A global hydrological research programme

14 FRIEND : a global project

15 IFI International Flood Initiative /Programme IIASA

16 Internationally Shared / Transboundary Aquifer Resources Management ISARM 39 transboundary aquifers inventoried in Africa Many countries and large urban conglomerations in Africa depend to a major extent or entirely on groundwater and the large shared aquifer resources represent often the only source for drought security and life sustenance of large populations in semi-arid areas

17 UNESCO GRAPHIC Groundwater Resources Assessment under the Pressures of Humanity and Climate Change

18 GRAPHIC Case studies (existing and potential )

19 Some key objectives: Improved understanding of hydrological systems and water management needs in arid and semi-arid areas Sharing of data and exchange of experience at regional and global scale and strengthening of global networks Capacity building of individuals and institutions and dissemination of understanding to users and the public

20 ISI International Sediment Initiative Objectives: encourage international cooperation in developing appropriate methods and managing regional and local sediment problems; promote monitoring of sediment data and information exchange; provide advice to policy makers in Member States and activate scientific and professional communities in all regions; Among the accomplishments: Global erosion and sediment information system. System set up at IRTCES center under the auspices of UNESCO in Beijing;

21 From Potential Conflict to Co-operation Potential Water for Peace a contribution to World Water Assessment Programme

22 Hydrology for the Environment, Life and Policy To develop a new approach to improve integrated catchment management by building a framework for water law and policy experts, water managers and water scientists to work together on water-related problems. Research, assessment and implementation for the Promotion of IWRM Real people Real catchments Real answers

23 HELP GLOBAL NETWORK Demonstration Operational Evolving Proposed

24 Eco-hydrology

25 Conclusion More data (quantity and quality) More inter-disciplinary research for policy advice Improvement for water management and needs for tools Capacity building

26 Geographical distribution of UNESCO Water-related Centers and Chairs IHP-HELP Centre IGRAC IHE ERCE Irkutsk Hassania Nice RCSA Al Fateh IRTCUD RCTWS Aristotle Jordan RCUWM RCWAZ ICQHHS Hohai IRTCES ICHARM San Carlos Ajman URBAN WATER LAC Ondurman HT-KL Ouro Preto CAZALAC CIH ITAIPU Cape Lesotho UNESCO Centres (17) + UNESCO-IHE UNESCO Chairs on Water (13)