. Incandescent. . Operating Table - 2,000 foot-candles. . Storerooms - 5 foot-candles. Lighting and E. - Metal Halide

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1 Lighting and E 1 R Paul Crumpler Pol u t io n Prevent ion Ass is ta n ce Division or Lighting Choices. ncandescent Fluorescent High ntensity Discharge Mercury High Pressure Sodium - Metal Halide 1 Safety = Comfort = Productivity Why Do You Light Lighting standards tell you how much light you need Light i n g Standards. Operating Table - 2,000 foot-candles Major League Baseball - nfield foot-candles - Outfield foot-candles Assembly Hallways / Stairs Storerooms - 5 foot-candles

2 Saving Money and Lighting Provide the proper amount of light With the most efficient light sources Operated the minimum number of hours An Example =- Case 1. Passageway with numerous skylights. With watt incandescent fixtures.24 hours per day 1) Measure the amount of light 2) Calculate cost 3) Evaluate alternatives An Example -- Case 1 = 1) Measure the amount of light 0 Daytime 200 foot-candles 0 Nighttime 15 foot-candles = 2) Calculate Cost 20 x 60 watts x 24 hours/day x 365 days/year = 10,512,000 watt-hours = 10,512 kw-hr 10,512 kw-hrs x $0.07/kW-hr = $736 per year Lighting Alternatives. Natural Lighting Turn off lights during the day (200 foot candles when 10 to 20 are required Reduce cost by $360 per year Fluorescent and HD Replace the 60 watt bulbs with 15 watt compact fluorescents 3) Evaluate alternatives

3 Replace the 60 watt bulbs with 15 watt compact fluorescents Lumens Bulb Life (Hours) Cost per Bulb Annual Operating Cost 20 lights - 12 hours/day Annual Cost of Replacement Payback Cost over 6 years 5-watt 160-Watt Fluorescent ncandescent ,000 1,000 $10.50 $0.60 $184 $368 $210/3 years $12 x 4 times = $70/yr per year = $48/yr About 1 year na $1,512 $2,496 An Example - Case 2 Lighting in an assembly building bulb x 40 watt fluorescent fixtures Magnetic Ballast. 96 watts and produces 5795 lumens Annual Operating 24 hours per day.096 kw x 478b x 24hr/d x 365d/yr x $0.07/kw-hr= $28,136/yr What are the options for reducing cost? What are the options for reducing cost? Reducing Light Level - Lighting requirements - 50 foot-candles - Measured lighting - 70 foot-candles 9 Removing some of the fixtures Replacing the Lamps with lower wattage Replacing the s with more efficient ballasts and lamps Fluorescent Lighting System 9 Power usage and light output depends on the ballast type and bulb type Ballast 7 Line Voltage 1 Fluorescent Tube /

4 Delamping Remove 29% of the fixtures - 50/70 = = x 0.29 = 136 fixtures can be removed = $28,136/yr x 0.29 = Saving $8,16O/yr = n some fixtures, single bulbs can be removed Ballasts draw power even if all the lamps are removed Fluorescent Lamps and Ballasts 9 Ballasts - Magnetic Magnetic High Efficiency Hybrid - Electronic Lamps - Full Wattage - Energy Saving Reduced Wattage Replace F40T12 40 watt tubes with F40T12 34 watt tubes 2x40-watt Magnetic Ballast 2x34-watt Electronic Ballast Lumens Watts/fixture Lighting Level Cost per Annual Operating cost cost of Replacement Payback Cost over 6 years Foot-candles 60 Foot-candles $29.90 $66.00 $28,136 $17,292 na $31,548+ $24,000=$55,548 na 5.1 years $1 68,816 $159,300

5 Does it make sense to replace fixtures? Depends on cost of power, life of fixtures, labor costs for maintenance - s have a limited life - Ballasts fail Replacing fixtures every 6 years may avoid replacement labor t always makes sense to replace old fixtures with new, more efficient fixtures when they fail Lumens Watts Per Lumens Per Watt cost Per 2x34-watt Magnetic Ballast 5, $ x34-wat Hybrid Ballast 4, Ballast 5, $66 40,000 35, (100) (88) $300 $300 Mercur! Vapor 20, (50) $280 Things to Remember When Eva1 uat i ng Light i ng. Measure / determine the amount of light. needed for the task Do not over light an area = Purchase energy efficient bulbs, ballasts, and systems Consider contracting with a lighting consu tan t When purchasing lighting, specify what you want and need Things to Remember When Eva uat i ng Lighting. Low purchase price is often the worst way of evaluating a new lighting system f you use incandescent, change immediately to compact fluorescent or install new fluorescent / HD system = Recycle fluorescent tubes - Cost is $0.40 to $0.50 per tube plus pickup fee (usually about $25 in metro areas) - f you don't recycle, you may have to handle tubes as Hazardous Waste

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