Section 14. Energy Pipeline Failures

Transcription

1 ntents Section 14. Energy Failures Why Failures Are a Threat Hazard Profile Location of Hazardous Areas History of Failures People and at Risk Potential s and Losses Why Failures Are a Threat An estimated 2.2 million miles of pipelines in the United States carry hazardous materials such as oil and natural gas. s are out of sight and unnoticed, yet have caused fires and explosions that have killed more than 200 people and injured more than 1,000 people nationwide in the last decade. 1 s going through the Guadalupe River Basin carry crude oil, natural gas, and hazardous liquids such as Destruction in Abilene: When a spark from her attic fan ignited a gas cloud from a punctured pipeline, Rita Franssen's house was reduced to a pile of rubble. Franssen escaped by plunging into her pool seconds before the explosion. ( Photos by Taylor Johnson, Austin American- Statesman.) 1 Jeff Nesmith and Ralph K.M. Haurwitz, July 22, 2001, Austin American-Statesman. Hazard Mitigation in the Guadalupe River Basin -- Page 14-1

2 Page 14-2 Hazard Mitigation in the Guadalupe River Basin --

3 gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and liquefied petroleum gas. s traverse the watersheds that supply water to basin residents, including those that supply water to well-dependent residents and environmentally sensitive areas. A leak or spill from these pipelines could threaten neighborhoods, contaminate water supplies or pollute environmentally sensitive land. And, the Nation s network of natural gas and fuel pipelines is aging. Hazard Profile An energy pipeline failure could have a major impact, causing injuries that result in death or permanent disability, completely shutting down critical facilities for at least two weeks, and causing more than twenty-five percent of affected properties to be destroyed or suffer major damage. Energy pipeline failures are occasional events, with an event possible in the next five years. Energy pipeline failures are not subject to seasonal patterns; an event can occur at any time of year. Warning time for pipeline accidents is minimal or none. Figure Hazard Profile Summary Hazard Mitigation in the Guadalupe River Basin -- Page 14-3

4 Location of Hazardous Areas Figure 14-2 shows the locations of energy pipelines greater than 20 inches in diameter in GBRA region according to the Texas State Railroad mmission. Close to 3,568 miles of pipelines cross this area. If any of these energy pipelines, oil or gas, were to rupture, such an event could endanger property and lives in the immediate area (probably within less than half a mile radius). Figure Energy s in GBRA Region, Texas Railroad mmission (s equal to or greater than 20 inches in diameter) Kendall mal Hays Caldwell Guadalupe Gonzales Dewitt Victoria Refugio Calhoun Gas Pipe Oil Pipe miles Page 14-4 Hazard Mitigation in the Guadalupe River Basin --

5 History of Energy Failures A total of 133 accidents from energy pipeline failures have occurred in the Guadalupe River Basin between 1968 and Of these, 22 were in the Upper Basin, 24 were in the Middle Basin, and 87 accidents were in the Lower Basin. Table 14-1 details these incidents and the resulting deaths, injuries, and property damage. Table and Transmission Data (DOT-Reportable) unty City Date Caldwell Luling 1968 Sinclair Caldwell 1969 Texas New Mexico Caldwell 1970 ARCO Caldwell Luling 1970 Arkansas 0430 Louisiana Gas Caldwell Luling 1972 Mobil Caldwell 1972 Texas New Mexico Caldwell Lockhart Arkansas Louisiana Gas $ mmodity Gasoline Crude Oil Gasoline Natural Gas Crude Oil 0 0 1,050 Crude Oil Natural Gas 2 Source: Office of Safety, U.S. Department of Transportation. Hazard Mitigation in the Guadalupe River Basin -- Page 14-5

6 unty City Date Caldwell Luling 1976 Arkansas 0124 Louisiana Gas Caldwell Lockhart 1979 Arkansas 1209 Louisiana Gas Caldwell Luling 1981 Mobil Caldwell Luling 1982 Texas New Mexico Caldwell Prairie Lea 1985 Intratex Gas 0626 for Oasis Pipe Caldwell Luling 1986 Mobil 0130 Caldwell 1991 Mobil 1003 Caldwell Luling Citgo Products $ mmodity Natural Gas Natural Gas 0 0 2,500 Crude Oil Crude Oil 0 0 5,000 Natural Gas Crude Oil ,000 Crude Oil ,000 Gasoline Calhoun Entex Inc Natural Gas mal LoVaca Gathering mal 1977 LoVaca 1030 Gathering mal Fischer 1977 Exxon mal New 2001 Entex, A Noram Braunfels 0519 Energy ,000 Natural Gas 0 0 6,500 Natural Gas Crude Oil Natural Gas DeWitt Nordheim Shell Oil Natural Gas Page 14-6 Hazard Mitigation in the Guadalupe River Basin --

7 unty City Date DeWitt DeWitt Cuero DeWitt Gonzales Gonzales Gonzales Gonzales Gonzales Gonzales Gonzales LoVaca Gathering Tx Eastern Gas Valero Transmission Arkansas Louisiana Gas Arkansas Louisiana Gas ARCO ARCO KOCH, L.P. $ mmodity ,290 Natural Gas ,670 Natural Gas ,000 Natural Gas 0 0 3,000 Natural Gas Natural Gas ,000 Gasoline ,000 Gasoline ,000 Crude Oil Guadalupe 1968 Texas Guadalupe Kingsbury 1972 Humble Guadalupe 1974 LoVaca 0713 Gathering Guadalupe 1976 Texas New Mexico Guadalupe Ambrose Guadalupe Schertz Gasoline Crude Oil 0 0 8,000 Natural Gas 0 0 1,600 Crude Oil 0 0 3,550 Natural Gas Entex Inc Natural Gas Hazard Mitigation in the Guadalupe River Basin -- Page 14-7

8 $ unty City Date mmodity Guadalupe 1980 Texas New Crude Oil Mexico Guadalupe 1988 ARCO 0 0 6,520 Gasoline 0615 Guadalupe Gonzales 1992 ARCO ,000 Gasoline 0610 Guadalupe FM 3353 and 1993 Intratex Gas ,334 Natural Gas CR Guadalupe Geronimo Oasis ,361 Natural Gas Hays 1973 Phillips Natural Gas Liquid Hays LoVaca Gathering 0 0 1,000 Natural Gas Hays San Marcos LoVaca Gathering 0 0 3,000 Natural Gas Hays San Marcos Entex Inc ,000 Natural Gas Hays 1978 Texas New 0 0 5,500 Crude Oil Mexico Hays Valero Transmission 0 0 1,500 Natural Gas Kendall Natural Gas Refugio 1968 Humble Refugio 1971 Humble Refugio 1971 Seadrift 0607 rp 0 0 2,040 Crude Oil 0 0 3,300 Crude Oil Natural Gas Page 14-8 Hazard Mitigation in the Guadalupe River Basin --

9 $ unty City Date mmodity Refugio Refugio 1972 United Gas Natural Gas 0111 Refugio 1973 ARCO Gasoline Refugio 1973 United Gas 0 0 3,544 Natural Gas 0811 Refugio 1974 Sun Crude Oil Refugio Refugio 1974 American Crude Oil Petrofina Refugio 1974 United Gas 0 0 5,700 Natural Gas 0524 Refugio 1975 Sun 0 0 5,083 Crude Oil Refugio 1975 ARCO Fuel Oil Refugio Woodsboro 1976 United Gas 0 0 2,575 Natural Gas 0906 Refugio 1977 Sun 0 0 3,500 Crude Oil Refugio 1978 American 0 0 1,306 Crude Oil Petrofina Refugio Refugio 1978 Sun Crude Oil Refugio Refugio 1979 Exxon 0 0 2,350 Crude Oil Refugio 1980 American Crude Oil Petrofina Refugio Refugio 1980 American 0 0 2,870 Crude Oil Petrofina Refugio Refugio 1983 Natural Gas 0 0 8,000 Natural Gas 1210 of Refugio Refugio America Florida gas Transmission Hazard Mitigation in the Guadalupe River Basin -- Page ,000 Natural Gas

10 unty City Date Refugio Tivoli Refugio Refugio Refugio Refugio Refugio Refugio Refugio Refugio Refugio Refugio Florida Gas Transmission Exxon astal States Crude Gathering United Gas Exxon KOCH, LP KOCH, LP Kinder Morgan Texas $ mmodity ,000 Natural Gas ,000 Crude Oil 0 0 5,000 L.P.G ,000 Natural Gas 0 0 8, ,000 Crude Oil ,000 Crude Oil ,680 Natural Gas Victoria Transcontinental Gas rp Natural Gas Victoria 1970 ARCO Kerosene Victoria 1971 Sun Crude Oil Victoria Victoria Houston Natural Gas rp Natural Gas Victoria Victoria Tennessee Gas Natural Gas Victoria Victoria Tennessee Gas Natural Gas Victoria 1972 Sun Crude Oil Victoria 1972 Sun Crude Oil Victoria 1972 Sun Crude Oil Victoria 1972 Sun 0 0 1,000 Crude Oil Page Hazard Mitigation in the Guadalupe River Basin --

11 Hazard Mitigation in the Guadalupe River Basin -- Page $ unty City Date Victoria 1972 Sun Crude Oil Victoria Plains 1972 Sun Crude Oil mmodity Victoria Placedo United Gas Natural Gas Victoria Humble Natural Gas Victoria Natural Gas Victoria Natural Gas Victoria 1973 Sun Crude Oil Victoria Victoria Delhi Gas rp Natural Gas Victoria Delhi Gas rp Natural Gas Victoria Bloomington ,600 Natural Gas Victoria 1974 Sun Crude Oil Victoria Victoria 1974 Sun Crude Oil Victoria Victoria 1974 Sun Crude Oil Victoria Bloomington Natural Gas Victoria Delhi Gas rp 0 0 4,000 Natural Gas Victoria Victoria 1975 Sun Crude Oil Victoria Bloomington Natural Gas Victoria Bloomington Natural Gas Victoria ,500 Natural Gas Victoria Bloomington Natural Gas

12 $ unty City Date mmodity Victoria Bloomington Natural Gas 0812 Victoria Natural Gas 1227 Victoria Victoria 1977 Sun Crude Oil Victoria 1977 LoVaca ,000 Natural Gas 0102 Gathering Victoria Victoria ,500 Natural Gas 0517 Victoria Victoria 1977 Delhi Gas Natural Gas 1231 rp Victoria Victoria 1978 Sun Crude Oil Victoria Placedo 1978 Sun Crude Oil Victoria Victoria 1978 Delhi Gas Natural Gas 0406 rp Victoria Victoria 1978 Tennessee Gas 0 0 2,000 Natural Gas 0926 Victoria Victoria 1979 Sun Crude Oil Victoria Bloomington 1979 Sun Crude Oil Victoria 1979 LoVaca 0 1 4,996 Natural Gas 1114 Gathering Victoria Victoria 1981 Delhi Gas Natural Gas 0909 rp Victoria Victoria 1981 Delhi Gas Natural Gas 0909 rp. Victoria Victoria 1982 Delhi Gas Natural Gas 0303 rp Victoria Placedo ,800 Natural Gas 0906 Victoria 1983 Transco Gas Natural Gas 0913 rp Victoria Dacosta 1983 United Gas 0 0 1,086 Natural Gas 1122 Victoria Dernal 1984 Tennessee Gas 0 0 2,000 Natural Gas 0126 Page Hazard Mitigation in the Guadalupe River Basin --

13 unty City Date Victoria Dernal Victoria Dernal Victoria Victoria Victoria Victoria Victoria Victoria Victoria Inez Victoria Tennessee Gas Tennessee Gas Delhi Gas rp Houston ARCO astal Statues Crude Gathering Gulf ast Natural Gas astal States Crude Gathering $ mmodity 0 0 2,000 Natural Gas 0 0 2,000 Natural Gas ,000 Natural Gas ,000 Natural Gas ,500 Gasoline ,000 L.P.G ,278 Natural Gas ,000 Natural Gas Liquid Source: Office of Safety, U.S. Department of Transportation. Hazard Mitigation in the Guadalupe River Basin -- Page 14-13

14 People and at Risk Approximately 35,122 people in the Guadalupe River Basin live within a one-mile radius of an oil or gas pipeline with a diameter equal to or greater than 20 inches. Over $ 3 billion in residential and commercial property is located within the one-mile radius of a pipeline with a diameter equal to or greater than 20 inches. Tables 14-2a and 14-2b show the people and buildings at risk and the value of exposure for oil and gas pipelines, respectively. Table 14-2a. Risk Due to Oil Rupture ( diameter equal to or greater than 20 inches) Potential Residential Buildings at Risk Value Potential mmercial Buildings at Risk Value Potential People at Jurisdiction Number ($Thousands) Number ($Thousands) Risk Caldwell , ,256 3,663 Calhoun 9 1, mal DeWitt , , Gonzales , , Guadalupe 2, , ,993 5,288 Hays , , Kendall Refugio , , Victoria 2, , ,023 5,873 TOTALS 7,079 $1,111, $154,182 16,743 Table 14-2b. Risk Due to Gas Rupture ( diameter equal to or greater than 20 inches) Potential Residential Buildings at Risk Value Potential mmercial Buildings at Risk Value Potential People at Jurisdiction Number ($Thousands) Number ($Thousands) Risk Caldwell , ,020 Calhoun , , Page Hazard Mitigation in the Guadalupe River Basin --

15 mal , ,557 1,606 DeWitt , , Gonzales Guadalupe 1, , ,636 2,097 Hays , , Kendall , Refugio , , Victoria 5, , ,181 10,010 TOTAL 9,500 $1,542, $195,132 18,379 1 At risk is defined as being located within a one-mile radius surrounding a pipeline with a diameter of equal to or greater than 20 inches. Potential s and Losses Potential dollar loss estimates for energy pipeline failures are not available. However, the historic average occurrence of pipeline failures in the Basin serves as the best predictor of future expected recurrence. GBRA facilities (described on pages 4-18 and 4-19) are also at risk from this hazard. However, no estimate is currently available of potential dama ges and losses to those facilities. 3 According to the Chief Building Official, Gonzales unty, a 6-inch gas pipeline traverses the county from northwest to southeast, operated by the Texas Gas mpany. The county estimates that 64 buildings, four businesses, and 135 people are located within a one-mile radius surrounding the pipeline. Residential property at risk is estimated at $10,767,000. mmercial property at risk is estimated at $7,646,000. Hazard Mitigation in the Guadalupe River Basin -- Page 14-15