Midterm Review Understanding Our Environment, Ethics, Philosophy, Laws and Economics Content Sustainability/Sound Science/Stewardship Introduction to

Transcription

1 Midterm Review Understanding Our Environment, Ethics, Philosophy, Laws and Economics Sustainability/Sound Science/Stewardship Introduction to Environmental Problems Addressing Environmental Problems Environmental Impact Statement Environmental Impact Statements Population Explosion Deforestation Pollution Global Warming Environmental Decisions Cultural Influences and Considerations Cost benefit Analysis Story of Easter Island Lake Washington Algal Blooms Cap and Trade Policies Western world view Deep ecology world view Key Figures Garrett Hardin Aldo Leopold J. Audubon Theodore Roosevelt Rachel Carson Key Legislation Antiquities Act NEPA EPA General Revision Act Clean Air Act Clean Water Act Check table 2.1 Biocentric Anthropocentric Conservation Sustainability Sustainable development Hypothesis Preservation Common pool resources System Poverty

2 HDC, MDC,LDC Scientific Method Rational Actor Mode; Utility Externality Matter, Energy and Life Energy Flow First/Second Law of Thermodynamics Photosynthesis Trophic Levels Food Chain Food Web Pyramids of biomass, energy, numbers 10% rule Nutrient Cycles Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Phosphorus Cycle Water Cycle Sulfur Cycle Antarctic Food Web Abiotic Ammonification Assimilation Autotroph Balanced herbivory Biomass Biotic Carnivore Conservation of Matter Consumers Decomposers Detritus Entropy Equilibrium Theory First law of thermodynamics Food chain Food web Herbivore Heterotroph Keystone species Kinetic energy Legumes Nitrification

3 Nitrogen fixation Nutrient cycle Omnivore Organic phosphate Phosphate Potential Energy Primary consumer Second law of thermodynamics Secondary consumer Trophic level Biological Communities and Species Interaction Evolution Tolerance Limits and Species Abundance Natural Selection and Adaptations Modern Synthesis Niche Specialization Species Interactions Predation Keystone Species Competition Symbiosis Mutualism know examples Commensalism know examples Parasitism know examples Ecological Succession Primary Succession Secondary Succession Aquatic Succession Lake Victoria Ecology Species Population Community Fundamental niche Realized niche Ecosystem Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Biosphere Adaptation Climax community Commensalism Competitive exclusion principle

4 Diversity Control Ecological succession Coevolution Evolution Gross Primary Production Habitat Keystone species Limiting factor Mutualism Natural selection Niche Net primary production Optimal Range Predator-prey relationship Producers Primary productivity Primary succession Range of Tolerance Resource partitioning Secondary succession Tolerance limits Biomes Ecological and Terrestrial Biomes Know where you would find each biome and key characteristics Deserts Grasslands Temperate Deciduous Forest Tropical Rain Forest Taiga Tundra Aquatic Ecosystems Lakes and Ponds Lake zones Streams and Rivers Inland Wetlands Marine Ecosystems Coastal Estuaries Ocean and ocean zones Human impacts on the ocean Biome Ecosystem

5 Epiphytes Ecotone Habitat Permafrost Human Health and Toxicology Health issues in developed/developing countries Emerging/reemerging diseases Influenza pandemics DDT LD50/ED50 Dose response curves Red tide Risk assessment/management Precautionary principle Threshold Additive Antagonistic synergistic Bioaccumulation Biomagnification Persistence Endocrine disrupters Acute/chronic toxicity Pandemic Epidemic Population Dynamics Population Ecology Exponential Growth and Doubling Time Population Oscillations Carrying Capacity Factors that Increase or Decrease Populations Factors that Regulate Population Growth Density-dependent/Density-independent factors Survivorship curves Thomas Malthus Biotic potential Carrying capacity Density-dependent factor Density-independent factor Exponential increase

6 Environmental resistance K strategist Population Population density R strategist Human Populations Population Growth Human Population History Demographics- birth rates, death rates, life expectancy Developing Countries Developed Countries Impact on Resources Global Carrying Capacity Population Projections and Solutions Demographic Transitions Fertility Decline in Rich Countries Cairo Conference Female Education and Economic Status Family Planning Know TFR/RLF in the world, U.S., developing, developed Age structure Birth rates Birth control Crude birth rate Crude death rate Death rate Demography Developed countries Developing countries Doubling time Infant mortality Morbidity Mortality Replacement fertility level Rule of 70 Consumptive Use Sustainable development Sustainability Urban blight Urban sprawl Urban heat island Dust dome Noise pollution

7 Environmental Geology Geologic Time Scale Plate Tectonics Volcanism Earthquakes Rocks and Minerals Rock Formation Economic Geology Conservation Epicenter Erosion Plate tectonics Earths internal structure Seismograph Strip mining Subduction Tectonic plates Plate boundary Divergent/convergent/transform Weathering Air, Weather and Climate Atmospheric History Origin Evolution Composition Atmospheric Dynamics Atmospheric Layers Solar Heating Convection Cells and Global Winds Climate Change Global Warming Currents El Nino/La Nina Hurricanes Tornadoes Hurricane Katrina Tsunami Carbon dioxide Adiabatic Cooling Convection currents El Nino Evapotranspiration

8 Hadley cell Humidity Global warming Greenhouse effect Greenhouse gases Monsoon Rainshadows Stratosphere Transpiration Troposphere Conventional Energy History of Energy Use in United States Energy Sources Consumption Rates Energy Use Measurement Calculations Conversions Coal Oil Natural Gas Nuclear Power Disasters Chernobyl Three Mile Island Radioactive Waste Management Nuclear Fusion Positives and negatives of energy sources How much of each source is left Who has it Breeder reactor BTU (British Thermal Unit) Combined-cycle natural gas unit Control rods Deregulation Fission Fission products Fossil fuels Fusion Fuel assembly Land subsidence Meltdown Nonrenewable resources Nuclear power Oil sand

9 Oil shale OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) Potential energy Power grid Synthetic Fuels Tar sands Turbine Turbogenerator Sustainable Energy Conservation Solar Passive Active Solar thermal electricity Photovoltaic Hydrogen Fuel Cells Biomass-Biofuels, burning wastes Hydroelectric Wind Geothermal Tidal OTEC Know pros and cons of each Know the future of its use and current use Alternative Energy Bioconversion Biogas Cogeneration Fuel wood Gasohol Geothermal Maximum sustainable yield Passive Solar Heating Photovoltaic cells Recycle Renewable Energy Resources Waste-to-energy Wind turbines Ethanol Methanol Biodiesel